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Wilhelm Meister #1

Les Années d'apprentissage de Wilhelm Meister

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An alternative cover edition for this ISBN can be found here.

Le plus célèbre des romans allemands est «un roman de formation», qui conduit le héros jusqu'à la fin de sa jeunesse. On suit le personnage dans ses égarements enthousiastes, avec un humour souriant. C'est aussi l'histoire d'une vocation théâtrale ; au centre, se trouve l'ombre de Shakespeare. À chaque étape, le jeune homme est sous le charme d'une femme : le monde, l'amour et l'art lui permettent de se trouver lui-même. En Allemagne, ce livre est devenu la référence de toute réflexion sur le genre romanesque. Mais c'est aussi une fiction moderne : de Proust à Musil et Thomas Mann, le XXe siècle triomphera dans les romans sur l'art, où se mêlent l'aventure amoureuse, la genèse d'un caractère, la philosophie de l'existence.

800 pages, Mass Market Paperback

First published January 1, 1795

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About the author

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

13.3k books6,915 followers
A master of poetry, drama, and the novel, German writer and scientist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe spent 50 years on his two-part dramatic poem Faust , published in 1808 and 1832, also conducted scientific research in various fields, notably botany, and held several governmental positions.

George Eliot called him "Germany's greatest man of letters... and the last true polymath to walk the earth." Works span the fields of literature, theology, and humanism.
People laud this magnum opus as one of the peaks of world literature. Other well-known literary works include his numerous poems, the Bildungsroman Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship and the epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther .

With this key figure of German literature, the movement of Weimar classicism in the late 18th and early 19th centuries coincided with Enlightenment, sentimentality (Empfindsamkeit), Sturm und Drang, and Romanticism. The author of the scientific text Theory of Colours , he influenced Darwin with his focus on plant morphology. He also long served as the privy councilor ("Geheimrat") of the duchy of Weimar.

Goethe took great interest in the literatures of England, France, Italy, classical Greece, Persia, and Arabia and originated the concept of Weltliteratur ("world literature"). Despite his major, virtually immeasurable influence on German philosophy especially on the generation of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling, he expressly and decidedly refrained from practicing philosophy in the rarefied sense.

Influence spread across Europe, and for the next century, his works inspired much music, drama, poetry and philosophy. Many persons consider Goethe the most important writer in the German language and one of the most important thinkers in western culture as well. Early in his career, however, he wondered about painting, perhaps his true vocation; late in his life, he expressed the expectation that people ultimately would remember his work in optics.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 188 reviews
Profile Image for Gordon Torr.
Author 11 books13 followers
August 14, 2013
I wouldn't have thought about reading Goethe if we hadn't been sitting in the rain last November talking about Nietzsche, and we wouldn't have been talking about Nietzsche if Helen hadn't been trying to explain Steiner to me for the hundredth time, and she wouldn't have been trying to explain Steiner to me if someone hadn't recently advised me to read Schopenhauer and I'd discovered that you couldn't really understand Schopenhauer if you didn't understand Kant, and she said the only thing she knew about Kant was that he'd influenced Goethe, who Nietzsche used as his model of the Ubermensch, and who'd also influenced Steiner very profoundly but in ways she didn't fully understand because she'd never read Goethe, so I said I would.
Profile Image for Meike.
Author 1 book4,961 followers
October 17, 2018
This is the prototypical Bildungsroman - the influence of "Wilhelm Meister" on global literary history can hardly be overestimated, because with this text from 1795, Goethe defined the genre. The central aspect he highlighted is that "Bildung" does not only entail formal education, but also the development of personal opinions and attitudes, the contemplation of cultural and societal values as well as the ability to critically reflect oneself and the world. On the basis of this text, the Bildungsroman underwent multiple transformations, especially after the beginning of Classic Modernity - Rilke's "Malte Laurids Brigge" is also a Bildungsroman about an artist, but it is very different from Goethe's work!

Young Wilhelm Meister is the son of a merchant, but he loves the theater. When his lover Mariane betrays him (from his point of view), he joins a traveling troupe of actors - during his journey, he will make many defining experiences and learn about himself and the world, until he faces the final question: Do I want to lead the free life of an artist, or do I want to be a respectable husband and citizen?

Spoiler alert: Goethe loved what we call in German "Wein, Weib & Gesang" (wine, woman & song), but he also held many high-ranking public offices, e.g. as a minister in the cabinet of his buddy Duke Carl August von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach. So for Goethe, being a citizen was a noble role to be fulfilled by responsible men - the ways the protagonists in a Bildungsroman choose are always a telling sign of the times (and of the author's world view).

It is a strange experience to read this text in 2018, and I would lie if I said that I enjoyed it: The text is excessively long, and - this is of course unfair criticism though - the fact that I already knew that Goethe would throw around all the tropes he himself invented didn't help either. Many passages could qualify as kitsch, and some characters are mere plot devices (the best exception here is clearly Mignon, a child Wilhelm buys (!) and who represents pure art coming from the subconscious - a very complex, fascinating character).

So all in all, I acknowledge the importance of this text and I am aware hat knowing it will sharpen my perspective when reading other novels of the genre, but finishing "Wilhelm Meister" was a chore.
Profile Image for Alexander Carmele.
475 reviews437 followers
October 25, 2025
Verlust durch Trägheit und Handlungsunfähigkeit – das Theater als Flucht und Verderbnis.

Inhalt: 5/5 Sterne (Suche nach innerer Balance)
Form: 5/5 Sterne (dichterisch-intensiv)
Erzählstimme: 5/5 Sterne (regieführend-dirigierend)
Komposition: 5/5 Sterne (langsame Figurenentfaltung)
Leseerlebnis: 4/5 Sterne (komplex-vielschichtig)
--> 24/25=4,8 Sterne.

Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre bildet einen Eckstein der deutschsprachigen Literaturgeschichte und stellt einen Vorläufer von Romanen wie Der grüne Heinrich, Der Zauberberg oder Das Glasperlenspiel dar. Johann Wolfgang Goethes Roman lässt sich als Paradigma des Bildungsromans verstehen. Im Zentrum des Geschehens steht Wilhelm Meister, anfänglich ein Jüngling, der sich als Kaufmannssohn Hals über Kopf in die Schauspielerin Mariane verknallt hat und sie umgarnt, umschmeichelt und ihre gesellschaftliche Stellung gefährdet:

»Mäßigt Euch«, sagte die Alte gelassen, »mäßigt Euch! Ich muß Eure Freude durch ein Wort unterbrechen: Norberg kommt! in vierzehn Tagen kommt er! Hier ist sein Brief, der die Geschenke begleitet hat.« […]
Wilhelm trat herein. Mit welcher Lebhaftigkeit flog [Mariane] ihm entgegen! mit welchem Entzücken umschlang er die rote Uniform! drückte er das weiße Atlaswestchen an seine Brust! Wer wagte hier zu beschreiben, wem geziemt es, die Seligkeit zweier Liebenden auszusprechen! Die Alte ging murrend beiseite, wir entfernen uns mit ihr und lassen die Glücklichen allein.


Im Vergleich zum besagten Norberg hat Wilhelm Meister Mariane wenig zu bieten, aber der Sturm und Drang der beiden lässt sich nicht aufhalten, bis … Nun entspinnt sich eine komplexe Liebes- und Reiseabenteuer-Thematik, denn Wilhelm sucht Zuflucht bei einer Theatergruppe, um mehr als öffentliche Figur wirken zu können, denn die ihm vom Jugendfreund und vom Vater nahegelegene Karriere als Kaufmann will ihm ganz und gar nicht behagen:

Nun leugne ich dir nicht, daß mein Trieb täglich unüberwindlicher wird, eine öffentliche Person zu sein und in einem weitern Kreise zu gefallen und zu wirken. Dazu kömmt meine Neigung zur Dichtkunst und zu allem, was mit ihr in Verbindung steht, und das Bedürfnis, meinen Geist und Geschmack auszubilden, damit ich nach und nach auch bei dem Genuß, den ich nicht entbehren kann, nur das Gute wirklich für gut, und das Schöne für schön halte. Du siehst wohl, daß das alles für mich nur auf dem Theater zu finden ist und daß ich mich in diesem einzigen Elemente nach Wunsch rühren und ausbilden kann.

Ein doppeltes Drama wird von Goethe angelegt, der berufliche und der erotisch-amouröse Werdegang Wilhelms, der sich parallel zu dem von Hamlet aus Shakespeares gleichnamigen Drama vollzieht und beinahe ebenso viele Tote mit sich bringt. Mit austarierter Komposition kontrastiert die Erzählinstanz das aristokratische Verlangen Wilhelms mit seinem Scheitern, ja die Illusionen und Visionen im Theaterbetrieb mit denen in der wirtschaftlichen-politischen Welt, die romanintern durch eine Turmgesellschaft repräsentiert wird, eine Art Geheimbundloge.

Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre lassen sich in Komposition, Figurenführung schwerlich auf der vergleichsweise kurzen Länge des Romans (verglichen bspw. mit Tolstoi) überbieten. Enggeführt streben die Figuren auseinander und zueinander und finden, durch Bewegung, Dynamik, jeweils neue Konstellationen, in denen sie harmonisieren und sich gegenseitig unterstützen. Nur die etwas beschwerlich zu lesenden „Bekenntnisse einer schönen Seele“ und das harsch-kompromisslose Schicksal Mignons trüben die Lesefreude. Wer Das Glasperlenspiel mag, findet hier die äußerst präzise Vorarbeit in der Figurenanlage – den Ton jedoch hat Hesse aus Novalis Heinrich von Ofterdingen entnommen, denn Goethe bleibt zumeist nüchtern und tastend ironisch.

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Details – ab hier Spoilergefahr (zur Erinnerung für mich):
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Inhalt:
●Hauptfigur(en): Wilhelm Meister; Mignon; Therese und die schöne Seele.
●Zusammenfassung/Inhaltsangabe:
… Mignon wird geboren aus einem Inzest, Augustin und die geheim gehaltene Schwester Sperata. Die Familie schämt sich. Bruder wird verbannt, Schwester lebt ihn Scham, bis eines Tages Mignon verschwindet. Sie wird für tot gehalten, ihre Mutter ergeht sich in Wiederauferstehungsphantasien und sammelt Knochen am Meer. In Wahrheit aber wurde Mignon von einer Artistentruppe nach Norden entführt. Als die Knochen vollständig sind, heißt es, erfährt Sperata eine Vision, stirbt und geht als Heilige ein. Der Bruder verschwindet, und taucht als Harfner auf. Bei Wilhelm treffen sie aufeinander, wissen voneinander aber nichts. Mignon kränklich aus Heimweh, verkleidet sich, bis zu Natalie kommt. Dort stirbt sie, als Wilhelm sich mit Therese küsst, und daraufhin tötet sich Augustin, als er die Wahrheit über Mignon erfährt, die sein Bruder, ein italienischer Marchese, berichtet. [<-- hier erscheint die Artistengruppe als verbrecherisch.]
… Wilhelm verliebt sich in eine Schauspielerin, Mariane, fühlt sich von ihr betrogen, reist in die Welt. Er versucht sich als Schauspieler, gerät in Intrigen und trifft ständig geheimnisvolle Figuren, die ihn von der Theatergruppe abbringen wollen (die Turmgesellschaft). Seine Liebe gilt allein Mariane, die er mehr oder weniger bewusst wiederzutreffen hofft. Affären und Liebschaften mit der Schauspielerin Philine, die unbeständig und untreu ihm davonläuft, der Gräfin, die bei ihrem Gatten bleibt und sich seinen missionarischen Projekten anschließt, die geheimnisvolle Amazone, die ihm das Leben im Wald nach einem Überfall rettet, dann aber spurlos verschwindet, und der Schauspielerin Aurelie, die in seinen Armen stirbt, führen nicht weit. Um Aurelies letztem Wunsch zu entsprechen, überbringt er einen Brief an einen Baron, Lothario, und teilt ihm auch die Existenz eines Sohnes mit, Felix. Lothario weiß mit Sicherheit, dass er keinen Sohn hat. Felix erweist sich als Wilhelms und Marianes Kind, das nach Marianes Tod das Dienstmädchen Barbara Aurelie als Sohn von Lothario untergejubelt hat. Durch Lothario trifft er die geheimnisvolle Amazone, die sich seine Schwester Natalie erweist. Sie heiraten und kümmern sich um Felix.
… Therese kommt als Kind in einer unglücklichen Familie zur Welt. Ihre Mutter und ihr Vater versuchten vergeblich für Nachwuchs zu sorgen, aber es kam zu Todgeburten. Die Mutter richtet ihr Augenmerk daraufhin ganz dem Theater. Sie empfindet ihren Ehemann als bäuerlich, der wiederum seinen Trost bei einem Dienstmädchen findet. Die Mutter duldet das Verhältnis. Als das Dienstmädchen schwanger wird, gibt sie das Kind als ihres aus. Das Dienstmädchen stirbt, und die Mutter prahlt mit ihrer Tochter. Sie möchte dennoch weiterhin aus ihren beengten Verhältnissen ausbrechen und spielt mit dem Ziehkind Lydie Stücke. Die Eltern trennen sich. Die Mutter reist nach Südfrankreich. Bald ereilt den Vater ein Schlaganfall. Er versucht sich seiner Tochter, Therese, verständlich zu machen, es gelingt aber nicht. Nach seinem Tode wird sie von ihrer Mutter enterbt. Sie wird von einer Dame in der Nachbarschaft aufgenommen, bei der u.a. Lothario ein und aus geht. Die Mutter kehrt mit Lydie zurück und verbannt diese. Therese nimmt sie zu sich. Sie lernt Lothario und seine Familie kennen und verlobt sich mit ihm. Dann stellt sich heraus, dass Lothario einst mit ihrer Mutter ein Verhältnis gehabt hat, und beendet die Verlobung. Sie bleiben gute Freunde, und Therese richtet sich als Wirtschafterin ein. Lydie beginnt eine Affäre mit Lothario. Die Turmgesellschaft findet aber die wahre Mutterschaft heraus, und so können Therese und Lothario am Ende doch heiraten. [<-- hier wirkt das Theater zerstörerisch.]
… die schöne Seele. Mit sieben Jahren Blutsturz, von kränklicher Konstitution seitdem. Sie bildet sich mit Büchern, lernt Sprachen. Sie wünscht sich ein Schäfchen, um das sie sich kümmern kann und sich in einen Prinzen verwandeln könnte, und schreibt eine Liebegeschichte über Phyllis und Damon. Ein Sohn eines Hofmarschalls erkrankt, und sie kümmert sich. Sein Nebenbuhler und Bruder bringt sie aber auseinander. Bald darauf sterben die beiden Söhne. Sie wächst auf, ohne an Gott zu denken, ohne sich aber auch in Männer zu verlieben. Ein Fremder fällt ihr eines Tags auf, der im Scherz Narziss genannt wird. Sie nähern sich an. In einem Auf und Ab verloben sie sich, aber es wird immer klarer, dass die schöne Seele ihre Unschuld nicht aufgeben will, ja, in der Atmosphäre von Narziss sich beschmutzt fühlt, zumal er ihre religiösen, geistigen Werte nicht teilt, insbesondere hält er nichts von gelehrten Frauen, höheren Werten und von ihrem Glauben ans Unsichtbare. Sie trennen sich, weil sie ihre Ansichten nicht zu ändern gedenkt. Ein reicher Oheim nimmt sich der Familie an. Er verheiratet die jüngste Schwester in seinem Sinne und erwirbt der schönen Seele den Platz einer Stiftsdame. Nach vielen Jahren bandelt sie mit Philo, einem Geschäftspartner ihres Vaters an. Seine Eltern standen mit der herrnhuterischen Gemeinde in Verbindung. Er übergibt ihr das Ebersdorfer Gesangsbuch. Der Oheim hat hohe repräsentative Ziele, die mit der schönen Seele konfligieren. Philo und sie teilen das Interesse an Bildung. Nach der Heirat der jüngsten Schwester stirbt die ältere Schwester. Die schöne Seele leidet und erkrankt für Wochen. Der schwache Vater reist zu seiner jüngsten Tochter, als diese mit einem Sohn niederkommt, danach stirbt der Vater. Die Schwester gebiert danach zwei Töchter. Bevor der zweite Sohn geboren wird, stirbt der Schwager nach einem Sturz vom Pferd, und die jüngste Schwester stirbt bei der Geburt des Knaben. Der Oheim nimmt sich der vier Kinder an, betraut noch einen Abbé hierfür, der eine liberale Erziehung vorschlägt. Die schöne Seele akzeptiert, dass sie von den Kindern ferngehalten wird. [<-- hier wirkt jede weltliche Zerstreuung als verderblich.]
●Kurzfassung: Wilhelm, jung und unerfahren, sucht nach gescheiterter erster Linie Zuflucht im Theatergeschäft, emanzipiert sich, u.a., durch die Hilfe einer Turmgesellschaft und heiratet am Ende, einen Sohn von seiner ersten Liebe in die Ehe mitbringend, sich der bürgerlichen Welt fügend.
●Charaktere: (rund/flach) ausgewogen, aufgefeilt, differenziert, lebendig.
●Besondere Ereignisse/Szenen:
… besondere Abschnitte: Traum von Wilhelm 1. Kapitel, 7. Buch; 6. Buch: Bekenntnisse der schönen Seele. Hamlet-Diskussionen. Geschichte Mignons.
… Parallelen zu Hamlet. Wilhelm (Shakespeares Vorname) wird wie Hamlet um seine Geliebte gebracht (Mariane/Ophelia). Ophelia stirbt, als Hamlet nach England geschickt wird; Mariane stirbt, als Wilhelm auf Geschäftsreisen geht. Bei Shakespeare gibt es keinen Nebenbuhler um Ophelia, und Hamlet bringt Polonius (aus Versehen) um. Es gibt auch keine Rachegeschichte. ABER: das zögerliche Verhalten von Hamlet entspricht dem von Wilhelm. Wilhelm zögert, statt um Mariane zu kämpfen, sich für sie zu entscheiden, sucht er Zuflucht im Theater, wie Hamlet, der nicht Claudius konfrontiert, sondern ihn durch ein Theaterstück zu überführen sucht. Durch die Scharade kommt Ophelias Vater ums Leben und zieht Ophelia ins Verderben, wie Aurelie stirbt, Mariane auch, ohne dass da Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse noch eine Rolle spielten bei Goethe. Norwegen und Fortinbras werden durch die Turmgesellschaft repräsentiert, die Hamlet/Wilhelm zu helfen gedenken. <-- Die dynastischen Intrigen am Hof werden durch das Verhältnis Wilhelm-Mariane ersetzt.
… Parallelen der Geschichte von Mignon zu Ödipus-Mythos. Antigone, Tochter aus einem Inzest, Ödipus heiratet Iokaste, wird mit ihrem Vater zusammen verbannt. Sie reisen, Antigone kehrt nach Theben zurück, wo sie sich umbringt, um gegen das Ausbleiben von Polyneikes‘ Begräbnis zu protestieren. Der grobe Rahmen stimmt: Inzest, Verbannung, Tod.
… die Turmgesellschaft schreitet stets für Wilhelm ein; beim Ausflug trifft er auf dem Landgeistlichen, der ihm zur Vernunft rät; im Gasthaus zettelt Friedrich einen Streit an, um Wilhelm vor Philine zu bewahren; springt für den Geist des Vaters bei der Hamlet-Premiere ein; als er seine Liebe zu Natalie aufgibt, rettet die Turmgesellschaft ihn, indem sie das Hindernis zwischen Lothario und Therese beseitigt.
… als Spannungsmittel: vorenthaltene Informationen, die Figuren tauchen erst nach und nach in ihrem Verwebungen und Verhältnissen auf, auch werden Missverständnisse konstruiert und im Nachhinein aufgelöst. Wer ist die Amazone? Ein wichtiger Plotstrang. Wessen Sohn ist Felix? Ein anderer.
●Diskurs: Gesellschaftlicher Aufstieg durch die Kunst, Veredelung und Selbstbesinnung, höhere Werte
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Form:
●Wortschatz: keine Einschränkung, fließendes, gleitendes, vorbildliches Schriftdeutsch
●Type-Token-Ratio: durch Länge standardisiert auf 0,5 – enorme lexikalische Vielfalt. (Musil >0,25 - Genre < 0,1)
●Satzlängen-Verteilung-Median: 23 Wörter, STAB 15 Wörter. (bei Musil: 28 Wörter mit Standardabweichung (STAB) 19 Wörter)
●Anteil der 1000 häufigsten Wörter: 0,76 (Musil/Mann <70% - Genre >80%)
●80% Abdeckung mit wievielen Wörtern: 1399
--> 5 Sterne

Erzählstimme:
●Eindruck: auktorial erzählt, ohne jedwede Einschränkung des Wissens, eher regieartig, zurückhaltend.
●Erzählinstanz (reflektiert, situiert, perspektiviert?): meist auf Wilhelm, meist personal beschränkt, aber dennoch allwissend, im Prinzip.
●Erzählverhalten, -stil, -weise: ironisch, empathisch, erklärend, aber auf Interessantheit achtgebend
●Einschätzung: die Weite und Komplexität des Handlungsverlaufes legitimiert die auktoriale, teilweise kommentierende, sich nicht reflektierende Erzählhaltung. Sie gibt eine Übersicht, aber gibt nur nach und nach ihr Wissen preis, durch die Figuren. Die Erzählstimme hält sich zurück, bleibt nüchtern, komponierend, aber dennoch präsent. Sie eignet sich für die Vielschichtigkeit und Themenwahl des Stoffes. Daher keinen Abzug. Es gibt keine nervenden Interjektionen.
--> 5 Sterne

Komposition:
●Eindruck (szenisch/deskriptiv/Tempiwechsel): außerordentlich wohltemperiert, durchdacht, mit komplexer Handlungsverfugung.
●Extradiegetische Abschnitte: nein, es gibt keine Welt außerhalb der Welt.
●Lose Versatzstücke: nein, alles findet seinen Platz im organischen Ganzen. Keine Fragen bleiben offen.
●Reliefbildung: hohe Reliefbildung durch dynamisch-narrativen Fluss.
●Einschätzung: durch das Vorenthalten des Wissens, durch die langsame genealogische Entfaltung der Verwandtschaftsbeziehung, werden die Figuren nach und nach mit Leben gefüllt. Sehr lebendig erzählt.
--> 5 Sterne

Leseerlebnis:
●Gelangweilt: nein, bis auf Passagen in den „Bekenntnissen der schönen Seele“ – äußerst zäh, die die Problematik mehr angedeutet als beschrieben wird.
●Geärgert: ja, über Mignons Tod, überflüssig.
●Amüsiert: mitgerissen, tragisch.
●Gefesselt: ja
●Zweites Mal Lesen?: mit Sicherheit.
… verstörend wirkte die Brutalität von Mignons Tod. Zu brutal, zu aufgesetzt martialisch, rachsüchtig.
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Profile Image for K.D. Absolutely.
1,820 reviews
February 16, 2013
My second Goethe book. Not as melodramatic as his first book, The Sorrows of Young Werther (3 stars) but more comprehensive and seems more real. You see, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) was a German novelist and since I have not been to Germany and my only idea of Germany are from the books that I've read particularly around WWII, I always find it interesting to read about this country during the 17th-19th centuries. Then what's the better way of knowing how the people in one country lived during a distant past than to read well-written novels or stories about them?

I read this book on my computer screen in the office. We recently had a series of workshops that necessitated me to stay in the office for more than 8 hrs a day. Since Ohio is awake when Manila is asleep, I had to extend my work hours in the office just to participate in those workshops. So, while waiting for the session to start because the workshop leader was still waiting for participants (around 30-40 from different places in the US) to come in, I was normally staring at my other computer screen (yes, I have two) at my workstation. Since November 2012, I have finished 3 foreign books and 3 local books. Yesterday was my last workshop and so I think I will not have a chance to read another e-book for now.

The main protagonist, Wilhelm Meister who is a friend to Werther in Goethe's first novel, "The Sorrows of a Young Werther." If that novel is about unrequited love that leads to tragedy, this novel "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" is about a young man's finding his place under the sun. Yes, his search (including soul search) is also caused by an unrequited love but he does not take his life but rather goes out there in the world and tries different jobs until he becomes a stage actor and a member of an aristocratic group called Tower Society. His apprenticeship as a stage actor seems, for me, to have been influenced by William Shakespeare who was popular in England a century ahead of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Germany. In fact, there is a scene in the book when the stage actors are rehearsing William Shakespeare's Hamlet (3 stars) and my face lit up while reading because I was able to read that book, my second by the Bard, last month (January 2013). Talk about timing, right?

Last night, I was in CCP and watched, for the first time in my life, a ballet. Guess what was the title? It was William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and it was my first Shakespeare book! I am not very fond of watching stage plays, much more ballet, because they are boring. However, it was a school requirement for my daughter and I had to accompany her as the venue was in the city and she could not yet drive at night. She also has no boyfriend yet. So, instead of insisting that she gets herself a boyfriend to drive for her, I volunteered to see the ballet with her. Am I not a good father?

When I saw that the title of the play was "A Midsummer Night's Dream," I exclaimed: "Yay, I know that play! I've read it already!" But to my dismay, the actors on the stage just danced and danced and no one was talking haha. So, I had to guess who among them were Oberon, Titania, Puck, Hermia, Helena, Lysander and Demetrius haha.

My realization? I should read more WS books because I have been encountering his works not only in many other great books but also in the other facets of my life.
Profile Image for Mesoscope.
614 reviews349 followers
January 26, 2023
I’ve read most of Goethe's major work at this point, and I’ve not found a single one of them to be completely satisfying. There is always too much of something or not enough of something, and this book is no exception.

I daresay most modern readers will find this work problematic. On the levels of character and action, it feels contrived - it's the kind of thing where it turns out that the man in the forest was the hero's long-lost brother all along. This happens not once, but many times, and it feels increasingly absurd. It becomes more and more clear that Goethe was trying to do too much with too little, and by the fourth or fifth major revelation, it becomes hard to take this book seriously.

There are also certain formal problems the book shows in how Goethe handles action. Trained by the rich tradition of the nineteenth-century novel, we expect a novel to handle the concurrent development of action involving different characters to play out synchronistically, with a work shifting perspectives among characters along a single timeline. Apparently, this was an approach that had not yet been worked out - instead, we meet characters, get to know them for a bit, and then suddenly one of them will say “Let me tell you the story of my life,” and you’ll get a long monolog. It feels clumsy.

Goethe spent decades writing this long novel, and it shows. Of the eight books that make up Wilhelm Meister, the first five are consistent with one another in action and tone, the sixth is an interpolated novella with only a general relevance to the rest, and the last two chapters mark a significant departure from all of the preceding, stuffed with revelations which demand the hero and the reader to recontexutalize what has come before again and again.

It feels obvious to me that he wrote the bulk of the first five or six books, shelved it for many years, and then picked it up again with a totally different sense of what he was trying to do. In my opinion, what was badly needed was a rewrite from scratch, one which integrated his new conception into the entire work. Instead we get what we get feels like a garish composite of poorly-fitting parts.

We all know this is a Bidlungsroman, but I have to admit I had no idea what that actually meant, in this case. What I expected, and what we get for the first several books, is a portrait of the artist as a young man as he learns about the world, and especially about life in the theater. Then comes the sixth book, which is a maudlin, stilted spiritual confession written by a pious woman related to some of the main characters. She goes on a journey from what Goethe takes to be the naive spiritual point of view, a kind of humble piety, toward a more enlightened perspective, which closely resembles Goethe’s own conclusions. The woman’s uncle, who serves as a guide for her spiritual maturation, is an obvious stand-in for Goethe himself.

It’s grating to see an author interpolate a thinly-disguised version of himself into his work as a kind of wise and benevolent master, but what really turned me off in this section was the degree to which Goethe doesn't understand religious psychology. Not being a spiritual person himself - and I can only suppose, on the basis of this chapter, that he was also entirely unfamiliar with spiritual literature - he simply made up what he imagines religious persons to be like, and I think he is totally wrong. He seems to think that people with spiritual aspirations are complacent and satisfied in their devotion, and that they are drawn to the spiritual life precisely because it provides them with comfort and ease.

I myself have never encountered anyone with an actual spiritual vocation who wasn’t continually aware of the cost - of the loneliness, ardor, and sacrifice. You pay a high price for that life, not because it's easy and suited to your character, but because certain people find that there is no other way that they can live.

The sixth book serves as a segue into Wilhelm's discovery of a bourgeois spiritual epiphany tied to the now-completely-obscure Hernhutter Brüdergemeine, a group of rationalist sort-of-mystics related to the Pietist movement. This is where things get weird.

The concept of Wilhelm Meister’s “apprenticeship” now takes on a much larger meaning, and we find out that it corresponds in part to a kind of initiation into a secret society similar to the Masons, and to a progressive series of transformative insights that reshape his understanding of life and the people in it. This is also somewhat botched by Goethe, who, I think, confuses the literal and symbolic planes of the book. The symbolic discoveries that Goethe wants to disclose are treated as literal surprises and revelations of fact, and this is where the book feels at its worst.

It seemed obvious to me that Goethe's primary influence for how he handled the initiatory content of the seventh book was Mozart's Zauberflöte, and I'm now confident that is accurate. Lehrjahre was published in 1795/6, and in 1795 Goethe was at work on a sequel to Zauberflöte that he never completed. So if you're familiar with the Magic Flute, which also feels to me like a baffling and bizarre way to dramatize spiritual revelation, that's very similar to what you get here.

This is a long and complicated book and there is very much more that I could say about it, but I want to turn at this point to why, after all of the complaints I’ve cataloged, and the many more I could go on to raise, I give his book a five-star rating.

Underneath all the clumsy action and implausible discoveries, the primary purpose of the book is to illustrate the gradual formation of a worldview, and if we put aside the details of how that process is dramatized and focus on the character of the progressive development of Wilhelm's maturity and insight, here I think we see Goethe at his best. The book chronicles the process of gradually realizing that some of the things we used to think mattered most are ultimately not that important; of how the mistakes we’ve made can end up saving us in the long run; and how sometimes we’re able to make choices with the support of an invisible guide deep within ourselves that lets us be wise beyond our years. This is one of the miracles of youth: we can see, looking back, that we were somehow able to make decisions that were so right, even when we couldn’t have possibly known at the time how right they were.

At a certain point near the end of the book, Wilhelm looks back on his life in distress, feeling that it forms a kind of broken ring that he can’t fit together, and this is one of the things I love about the book. Each time he breaks through to a new level of understanding, he thinks “This is it - I’ve gotten it.” And each time, he goes on to see through the limitations of that new understanding, and moves forward to something more.

If this forms a kind of Sisyphisian tragedy, then it’s the tragedy that is right for Goethe, and the choice he would celebrate at the very end of his life at the culmination of Faust II - the striving is itself the goal. As Sekito Kisan wrote in his "Sandokai":

Progress is not a matter of far or near,
But if you are confused, mountains and rivers will block your way.
Profile Image for Uroš Đurković.
903 reviews230 followers
March 4, 2021
Majster je toliko toga! Najpre je temelj za svakoga ko se interesuje za Bildungs-narative i filozofiju obrazovanja. Nemoguće je i neozbiljno govoriti o poetici Bildungsromana bez čitanja Getea. Tako i samo čitanje ima obrazovnu ulogu – upoznajemo se sa kodom, obuhvatom i mogućnostima ovakve vrste romana. A dodao bih, verovatno i jedinog pravog kanonskog Bildungsromana. Pravog jer je to njegova srž – početak i ishod – koja sa sobom pokreće pravu lavinu tema. Tako je ovo ujedno i roman o razobrazovanju – jer svako obrazovanje predstavlja i razobrazovanje. Kao što zaboravljanje nije odsustvo pamćenja, već aktivni proces, regulator psihičkog života koji postoji uporedo sa saznavanjem, tako i obrazovanje sa sobom uvek nosi svoje naličje. I da je ovo istinsko remek-delo jasno nam je iz toga što je Vilhelmov status na posletku otvoreno, neodgovorljivo pitanje – da li je on uspeo da pronađe uporište, životni tok, da postane neko ko će snagom volje biti delatno biće ili je on prvi „čovek bez svojstava” u svetskoj književnosti – glavni junak koji postepeno osmišljeno biva sve manje reljefan? Vilhelm je stigao da bude i racionalno i osećajno biće i vaspitavani i vaspitač i putnik. I to što je zatvorio krug – što je prikazao mogućnosti – nedovoljno je. A to je tako zato što obrazovanje pre i posle svega nije cilj nego tok. I ono kod Getea nema toliko veze sa institucijama koliko sa spoznavanjem, ostvarivanjem „delatnog života”. U današnjem razmagnetisanom vremenu ovo ima posebnu važnost. Ne govorim o krizi vrednosti koliko o usmerenosti, o svrhovitosti. Jer šta bi danas mogao da bude zajednički sadržalac svim senzitivnim bićima, koja se, na ovaj ili onaj način, obrazuju? A šta je danas sa takozvanim „lepim dušama” o kojima je posvećena čitava šesta knjiga? Znam da je za Šilera „lepa duša” ona u kojoj sklonost i dužnost stoje u harmoničnom odnosu – dok je kod Getea ova tema još složenija, a mene ovde zanima da li su lepe duše supstancijalne (takve su kakve su od rođenja) ili se mogu obrazovati? Ali i kakvo treba da bude obrazovanje onih koji obrazuju? Vilhelm Majster je tek kroz svog sina Feliksa, koji se detinje divio svetu i diveći se iskupljivao ga, otkrio kako otac ne obrazuje sina, već sin oca.
Ali osim Bildungsromana, ovo je i Künstleroman – roman o obrazovanju umetnika, ovde, konkretno glumca i pozorišnog radnika. Vilhelm Majster pokušavajući da pronađe lepotu, želi da doživi promenu na društvenoj lestvici – on kao Bürger (građanin) jedino može da radi i stvara, da samo biva, a plemić je neko ko čini i dejstvuje – blista. A zanimljivo je da, ako imamo socijalnu motivaciju na umu, Majster nije izabrao neki drugi način da promeni svoj status, od toga da bude umetničko biće – „Šta mi vredi da proizvodim dobro železo, ako mi je spostvena duša puna šljake.” (247) Ali nije ni tu kraj – ovde se nameće novo pitanje – kako podmiriti umetničke ambicije onoga ko nema kapacitete za to? Da li imaju pravo da stvaraju samo oni koji su raskošno talentovani? Ili čak raskošno talentovani i prefinjeno obrazovani? Ili – paz’te sad – obrazovanje nas odvaja od naših umetničkih, stvaralačkih impulsa – ono ga stavlja u mermer, prefinjujući naš ukus, blokira nas u igri, lutanju – previše sređuje put. A, u krajnjoj liniji – šta je ono što pretrajava? I šta je ono što obuzima biće? Kakav se to prelaz dogodio kad je Majster upoznao Šekspira – čitajući njegove drame i inscenirajući „Hamleta” na sceni, dešavaju se neverovatni prelazi – od potpunog poistovećivanja u kome ne samo da se lični svet zamenjuje književnim, već se i percepcija tog sveta temeljno menja, do zaključka kako u Hamletu, što više proniče u njega, pronalazi sve manje sličnosti . (258) Onda, opisi dinamike rada u pozorištu, zabava, ogovaranja, intelektualnih razgovora, izuzetno su zanimljivi i pokazuju pozotište kao svet-u-malom (koji je, zabavno je reći, definisan kao republika) – harizmatični, ritualni prostor koji konstituiše pojam javnosti, dajući i katarzu i vašarište želja. A da ne pričam tek o doživljaju mašte, društvenih uloga, ljubavi (ima ovde izuzetno puno svih mogućih melodramatičnih momenata, koji možda mogu da budu naporni, ali apsolutno nikad nisu izanđali – sve je svrhovito i izuzetno, izuzetno misaono podsticajno), zločina, smrti, sudbine, umetnosti, veštine, smisla... Svih mogućih velikih reči. I da, bio sam izuzetno opširan, ali ovo nije ni delić onoga o čemu bi moglo da se piše i govori. Neka dela su snažna zbog svoje jezgrovitosti i jednostavnosti, pleme svojom entropijom, a neka, kao što je ovde slučaj, predstavljaju okean tema.

I da – mala napomena – nigde to nisam pročitao, a sad mi je jasno. Glumac, glavni lik Handkeovog „Velikog pada”, može da se čita kao ostareli Vilhelm Majster, sada u nekim drugim okolnostima i drugom vremenu. Neverovatna mi je ta veza! Ali i inače, uz Getea, Tomas Man, Muzil, Hese, Rilke, ali i Dostojevski, bivaju još podsticajniji. Ukus se može negovati – veze se mogu ostvariti. Potrebno je i odricanje, ali odricanje od sveta istovremeno je i uključivanje u svet.
Profile Image for Le_Suti.
60 reviews16 followers
May 5, 2019
Die Herkunft aus gutem Haus, der Drang zur Selbstverwirklichung, der verschlungene Lebensweg: Wilhelm Meister hat einiges mit seinem Erfinder Johann Wolfgang von Goethe gemeinsam. In die Form eines Romans gepresst, weicht Goethes Lebensschilderung doch stark von dem handlungsgetragenen Schema ab, das man mit dieser literarischen Gattung üblicherweise verbindet. Orte und Zeit der Handlung werden nie genannt; immerhin sind sie konkret genug, um in mancher Hinsicht ein Spiegelbild Deutschlands zur Goethezeit zu erkennen. Die meisten Personennamen wie Mignon, Philine, Serlo, Melina, Jarno oder Aurelie erscheinen so fiktiv, dass man von einer realistischen Erzählung kaum sprechen kann. Das Buch ist eher ein Ideenroman, ein Riesenessay zu den sich überlappenden Themen Theater und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung. Wie „meistert“ man das Leben am besten? Die Antwort auf diese Frage findet Goethes Wilhelm Meister vor allem im Erziehungsideal der aufklärerisch gesinnten Freimaurer. Fazit: Nicht in der (Schauspiel-)Kunst verwirklicht sich das Leben, sondern das Leben selbst ist die Kunst.
Profile Image for Anthony Land.
Author 7 books9 followers
May 30, 2013

Ben Jonson, observing that certain actors credited his rival, Shakespeare, with never blotting out a word of his writing, retorted "Would he had blotted out a thousand!" Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, from a modern perspective,would benefit from easily ten times that many deletions.

Clearly this is not a novel for current tastes, and prolixity is only one of its barriers to contemporary readership. Another is its somnambulistic pacing. Scenes run on interminably, fleshed out in more detail than even a patient reader could want. In most of those scenes, there is a single event and paragraphs of exposition on some character's—usually Wilhelm's—emotional reaction to it.

In the midst of the story there is a novella-length digression entitled Confessions of a Fair Saint. It completely derails the flow of the story in order to allow an irritating, sanctimonius female character to natter on ad nauseum about her relgiosity. The significant content of the Fair Saint to the main story could have been mercifully condensed to a single page, since, thereafter, she is only mentioned once, and that in passing, perhaps a hundred pages later!

The main story is written from a third person limited perspective, so that we generally see no more deeply into the book's other characters than the none-too-discerning Wilhelm sees. The other characters—and there are more than 20 of them—are reduced to one-dimensional ciphers.

Wilhelm himself is the arch adolescent—a randy dilettante, falling in and out of love with every character in a skirt while launching, then abandoning, one career after another.

Though the novel is certainly no comedy, the plot borders on farce. Wilhelm, mid-story, suddenly finds that he is being recruited into a small coterie of minor-league Übermenschen who have been secretly following his stumbling progress through the world—why and how never being adequately explained. Characters appear, disappear and reappear with a frequency that would only be plausible if Germany were the size of Key West. To crown the absurdity, every character in the novel who hasn’t conveniently died by the last chapter is lumped into an all’s-well-that-ends-well conclusion that beggars belief.

That conclusion leaves Wilhelm wealthy, betrothed to the girl of his dreams, and blessed with the sort of social connections that make self-definition a real possibility, at once underscoring and undermining what would seem to have been Goethe’s central thesis—that the key distinction between the 18th Century aristocrat and the burgher—the commoner of attainments—was neither wealth nor power, but the nobleman’s freedom to define himself without hindrance: "he is entitled to press forward, whereas nothing more beseems the burgher than the quiet feeling of the limits that are drawn around him. The burgher may not ask himself ‘What art thou?’ He can only ask ‘What hast thou? What discernment, knowledge, talent, wealth?”

The burgher can only enjoy an approximation of that self-creation by going on the stage, where he may play a king or noble and thereby acquire, at least for the moment, the privilege of defining himself as they do. ”On the boards a polished man appears in his splendor with personal accomplishments … and there I shall have it in my power to be and seem as well as anywhere.” This thought-provoking foreshadowing of the celebrity intoxication of our own age would have been a perfect climax for the story, but appears—alas!—at just about its midpoint.

Given all the exasperations Wilhelm Meister poses for the modern reader, why do I rate it at four stars? Because it is a major work by one of the Western world’s greatest minds, filled with brilliant aphorisms about the human condition. Its style, so quaint and formal to modern readers, its plotting, so implausible by today’s standard, befit its era, which is long gone. So, too, are the world-altering events of that era, among them the French and American Revolutions and the ideas that spawned them. A world was coming of age, and this first Bildungsroman, this prototype coming-of-age novel, was perhaps the most important literary evocation of that new world.

Wilhelm Meister is not for the reader seeking only entertainment, and Goethe never intended it to be, even for the readers of his far more intellectual age. As Wilhelm muses at one point, “The rude man is content if he sees but something going on; the man of more refinement must be made to feel; the man entirely refined, desires to reflect.”

Profile Image for Alberony Martínez.
600 reviews37 followers
July 30, 2021
Esta novela clásica de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe sirvió de inspiración para las principales figuras filosóficas y literarias de la época, entre ellos Schiller, Fichte, Hegel, Schlegel, Schleiermacher y Novalis. Un texto que aborda la cuestión relacionado con problemas y temas de la vida humana de manera más general, incluidas cuestiones de individualidad, desarrollo y autoridad; formación estética y contingencia narrativa (y humana); género, sexualidad y matrimonio; y poder, instituciones y control. Si bien es cierto, que tuvo una gran aceptación entre los alemanes, más no así entre los parlantes de habla inglés, quienes tuvieron mayor afinidad con la novela Las penas del joven Werther

La innovadora novela Los años de aprendizaje de Wilhen Meister se publicó en 1795/96. Consta de ocho libros, los primeros cinco se basan en el fragmento inédito de la misión teatral de Wilhelm Meister. Una comparación de los dos textos muestra una serie de coincidencias literales. Acción / descripción general: 1. - 5. Libro: El joven Wilhelm Meister quiere convertirse en un hombre de teatro, pero finalmente fracasa después de un éxito considerable. Sexto libro: Confesiones de un alma hermosa: una joven descubre el amor, se emancipa, se familiariza con el conocimiento científico, musical y espiritual, se vuelve completamente a Dios y se convierte en un alma hermosa, desarrolló una religiosidad natural y finalmente madura en una mujer benevolente y creyente que también aparece como una persona actuando bajo el nombre de "alma hermosa". 7 ° al 8 ° Libro: Wilhelm deja las tablas que significan el mundo y encuentra conexión con una logia que lucha por el cambio social y para la cual los Estados Unidos de América sirven de modelo: "¡Aquí o en ninguna parte está América!"

En otras palabras, Wilhelm Meister se lanza a la vida con gran placer y curiosidad, se tambalea y tropieza, se vuelve a levantar y se pone en marcha sin saber adónde le llevará. En el espectáculo infantil de títeres descubre su pasión por el teatro, que nunca abandona. Su amor por una actriz le hace soñar con un futuro juntos en el escenario hasta que se siente traicionado por ella y parte de su casa hacia el mundo desconocido. No puede obedecer el deseo de sus padres de que se convierta en empresario, porque se deja seducir por los juegos de la vida, por lo que su búsqueda de determinación es inestable entre el juego y la seriedad, entre el escenario y la vida. Desde espectáculos de marionetas hasta comedias improvisadas y malabarismos, pasando por una representación de Hamlet y el sueño de un teatro nacional, el camino de Wilhelm Meisters es también un camino a través de la historia del teatro y sus posibilidades y formas de juego. Un conjunto mixto de actores, marionetas y músicos traerá esta variedad de opciones de juego al escenario del teatro.

Independientemente del impacto que tuvo esta novela en las personalidades al principio mencionado, creo que esta novela cae en segundo plano en comparación con Las penas del joven Werther por las secuelas mediáticas que dejo en la sociedad al momento de leer Las penas del joven Werther. Este último texto creo una suerte de imitación personal que para mal trabajó las mentes de muchos jóvenes llevándolo a la muerte. En cambio, Los años de aprendizaje de Wilhen Meister discurrió más por el área de novela de formación centralizada a responder una pregunta: ¿cómo se puede llegar a ser feliz?
Profile Image for Naopako dete .
118 reviews45 followers
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August 22, 2021
Gete je ovaj roman pisao nakon romana Patnje mladog Vertera, vraćao mu se nekoliko puta, a između ova dva romana napisao je dve velike drame. Ovo pominjem zbog toga što se Geteova stvaralačka interesovanja donekle sumiraju u ovom romanu. Naime, dva glavna motiva Godina učenja su ljubav i pozorište, a radnja je koncentrisana oko Majstera, isto kao i oko Vertera i on, kao i Vertera ima problem da živi sa svojim osećanjima, ali za razliku od njega na kraju uspeva da svoje ideale dovede u harmoniju sa svetom i u njemu započne srećan život.

Motivi ljubavi i pozorišta ( Majstera očajnički želi da bude glumac, ali isto tako očajnički to i ne želi) objedinjeni su motivom obrazovanja. Majstera će morati da pati i u odnosima sa ženama na koje nailazi, ali i u odnosu sa pozorištem ne bi li na kraju stekao znanje, odnosno ne bi li došao do spoznaje o tome kako treba živeti. U skladu sa tim se i razvija Majster kao lik, a njegov put paralelno se odvija i na pozorišnom planu. Od lutkarskog, preko školskog i putujućeg pozorišta, sve do ozbiljne pozorišne trupe, Majster napreduje, a paralelno napreduje i njegovo znanje o pozorištu. Vrhunac je izvedba Šekspirovog Hamleta ( sa kojim Majster deli i neke životne sličnosti), ali da bi se došao spoznaje ovog dela, Majster je morao da pođe od skromne lutkarske dramatizacije priče o Davidu i Golijata, preko dramatizacije Tasovih dela, kao i dela francuskih pisaca Korenja i Rasina. I nije ni malo slučajno što je Šekspir na kraju tog niza i što je taj niz dat u ovakvom redosledu.

Gotovo sličan razvojni put prati Majstera kada je reč o njegovim ljubavima. On će najpre zavoleti drugu osobu, pa tek onda biti nadahnut da se vrati pozorištu. Od idealne i verterovske ljubavi kakvu gaji prema Marijani, pa sve do odnosa zasnovanog na principima čistog razuma sa Natalijom, odnosa koji simbolično predstavlja Majsterovo inicijaciju u novi život, naš junak primoran je da pati i preispituje svoje unutrašnje biće kako bi došao do srećnog života, a što sve ustvari predstavlja obrazovni put, pri tom se ovde obrazovanje ne uzima u isključivo knjiškom.smislu, već i u onom opštem, životnom.

Na kraju, fascinira Geteova sposobnost i dubina uviđanja ljudskih osećanja kao i psihološki sastav njegovih likova. Nekoliko puta mi je u pamet dolazila ona Frojdova misao u kojoj kaže sa dokle god da je stigao, tamo su već bili pesnici, tamo je bio i Gete.
Profile Image for Armin.
1,197 reviews35 followers
June 15, 2025
Die Mutter aller Bildungsromane, auch wenn es schon vorher ein oder zwei Bücher gab, die man mit mehr (Wielands Geschichte des Agathon) oder weniger Berechtigung (Simplicissimus = Schelmenroman) zur Gattung gehörig betrachten kann.
Aber Novalis, Tieck, Eichendorff und Immermann sind Goethes Vorlage gefolgt, haben dabei andere Akzente gesetzt und im Detail die Vorlage übertroffen. Die frühen Romantiker sind ins Mittelalter zurück gegangen, in Ahnung und Gegenwart nimmt Eichendorff die Befreiungskriege als Hintergrund für abenteuerliche Waldromantik und Stimmungslyrische Intermezzi.
Immermanns Epigonen sind in Sachen Gereimtes klar im Nachteil gehen aber mit der Wanderung durch das Metternich-Deutschland, der Entzauberung der Romantik und den Kosten der Industriealisierung, wohl am weitesten.
Goethe, eher Lyriker und Schöpfer unvergesslicher Gestalten, fand kein Ende aus eigener Kraft und
brauchte bei seinem Schluss Schillers Nachhilfe. Das Konzept des rationaleren Kollegen war Gleichbedeutend mit der Eliminierung aller problematischen Gestalten und ein paar, unter ziemlich viel Vormundschaft, geschlossener Ehen. Den ins Fragment verliebten Romantikern, fiel ein passender Schluss nicht so aufs Gemüt, nur Immermann ging konsequent bis zum Ende mit seinem Personal um.
Um die Zeit hatte Goethe sein eigenes Muster längst aufgegeben, auch das Interesse am alten Personal verloren. Die Wanderjahre, aus denen auch die Wahlverwandtschaften hervor gingen, sind eher eine Novellensammlung mit Rahmenhandlung. Wenn man so will, sind die Epigonen die konsequenteste und ans Gemüt gehende Anwendung der Formel von Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahren. Ein Bildungsroman in denen der Nachfahre nicht nur auf Polizeispitzel und falschen Revolutionäre herein fällt, sich beim Versuch Familienglück beim Spätheimkehrer vom Rußlandfeldzug zu stiften übernimmt und auch sonst allerlei weitere gut gemeinte Streiche begeht, weil eben keine allmächtige Turmgesellschaft über ihn wacht und seine Schritte lenkt.
Profile Image for markimark98.
22 reviews
March 12, 2023
make a remake but with all goethe characters in a euphoria-like high school
Profile Image for Natalie.
138 reviews65 followers
December 31, 2023
The English version can be found below.
-----------
German Version:

Großer Klassiker, aber nicht wirklich mein Geschmack!

Gesamt: 2,5.

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English version:

Great classic, but not really my taste!

Overall: 2.5.
Profile Image for Éponine.
17 reviews
November 15, 2012
AVVERTENZA
Questa recensione è stata scritta tre anni fa, quando ho dovuto leggere per la scuola 'Wilhelm Meister, gli anni dell'apprendistato'. E' stata una lettura estiva un po' pesante e il mio commento non sarà dei più elogiativi, ma il mio scopo è solo fare dell'ironia e non criticare chi ama Goethe o quest'opera! ;)

Questo romanzo ha come protagonista Wilhelm, un giovane che potrebbe sembrare come tutti gli altri, se non fosse per la sua straordinaria capacità di iniziare un discorso e portarlo avanti per un minimo di due pagine senza fermarsi un attimo, nemmeno quando chi dovrebbe ascoltarlo si è profondamente addormentato (cosa che effettivamente succede, controllate l'inizio dell'opera!).

La grande passione di Wilhelm è il teatro. Perciò, fin da piccolo si è sempre dedicato a semplici riflessioni: il teatro, cos'è? Chi è l'attore? Che cosa può effettivamente esprimere un attore di un personaggio? E altri ragionamenti analoghi su cui, si sa, ogni bambino di dieci anni passa intere giornate a meditare.

Wilhelm ha una storia d'amore con un giovane attrice della durata di qualche settimana, forse addirittura un mese. Convinto di aver trovato l'amore vero, quando viene a sapere del suo tradimento gli crolla il mondo addosso. La cosa lo sciocca a tal punto da non dedicarsi più al teatro per mettersi invece a lavorare. E forse ciò è anche un bene, in quanto si pensa che possa finalmente rendersi utile a qualcosa.
L'affranto giovane parte un giorno per affari e non torna più a casa. Nemmeno gli viene in mente, di tornarci, e la cosa ancora più curiosa è che nessun membro della sua famiglia si disturba di chiedergli sue notizie o quando si farà vedere di nuovo.
Vabbè.
A questo punto il nostro eroe incontra un ragazzo, Laertes, e una ragazza, Philine. In teoria ne conosce anche un altro, di ragazzo, Friederich; tuttavia, l'autore si dimentica di parlarcene. Si viene a sapere dell'esistenza di questo povero diavolo solo perchè, ad un certo punto, tutti i personaggi si ricordano di lui all'improvviso e nessuno sa dove sia finito. Non sto scherzando.
Dopo dieci minuti buoni di ricerche intertestuali, meditazione e parecchio intuito, si arriva alla conclusione che Friederich sia stato sempre lì, senza bisogno di essere menzionato. Però ad un certo punto si è stancato di essere dato per scontato e se n'è andato, soprattutto per togliersi dalle scatole il logorroico Wilhelm.

Dopo pagine e pagine e pagine di interminabili tirate del protagonista su tematiche come il teatro, il teatro, la morale, il teatro eccetera, a qualcuno verrebbe da pensare che in fin dei conti questo sia un ragazzo intelligente e profondo. Invece si innamora di tre o quattro ragazze per capitolo, solo per la loro bellezza.
La narrazione procede ulteriormente a furia di discorsi tediosi, paranoie mentali di Wilhelm, spettacoli teatrali e descrizioni superflue. Mai riusciamo ad avvicinarci veramente al protagonista: mai lo sentiamo vicino a noi o veniamo travolti dalla storia.

Wilhelm è antipatico e menefreghista. L'unica cosa che gli riesce bene è fare la vittima per i tradimento della fidanzata. Per anni INTERI. Ma un bel giorno, mosso da un'improvvisa ondata di buoni sentimenti, decide di adottare la piccola Mignon. Il giorno successivo già non la considera più e si giustifica pure da solo, dicendosi che è ancora giovane e non capisce come agire.

Una sera, Wilhelm va a dormire e trova nel suo letto una donna. È buio e non la vede bene, quindi non ha idea di chi sia. Dopo una bella nottata d'amore con questa sconosciuta, il mattino dopo si sveglia solo. E si chiede per mesi chi fosse.
Questo episodio non è importante per quanto riguarda la trama, ma ci tenevo a ricordarlo per la realisticità di questo spaccato di vita vissuta.

Dopo un tale delirio (perché di delirio si tratta), il libro prende una piega inaspettata: bisogna sorbirsi ottanta pagine di resoconto della vita di un personaggio morto da tempo, che non avevamo mai incontrato prima. Questa donna modesta si firma semplicemente come “Anima Bella”. La sua storia è molto semplice: un giorno aveva scoperto di essere molto religiosa. Punto. Ma non si era fatta suora. Non era partita per delle missioni di carità. Non si era sposata. Non aveva fatto un bel niente. Era rimasta lì, a bearsi delle sue virtù e a scrivere le sue memorie, con le quali ci avrebbe poi tediato.
Alla fine di questa parte, pensavo seriamente che qualcuno mi stesse prendendo in giro.

Quando il libro si avvia alla conclusione (circa duecento pagine prima della tanto attesa parola FINE), Wilhelm scopre che un'associazione di persone lo ha seguito per anni e annotato tutto ciò che faceva in interminabili registri. Così, senza un motivo!
Ora, io non sono vissuta nel diciottesimo o nel diciannovesimo secolo, ma credo che, in qualsiasi epoca, se qualcuno scopre di essere stato pedinato per anni interi da sconosciuti, come minimo monti su tutte le furie ed esiga delle spiegazioni. Ma tutto questo non accade all'impassibile Wilhelm!
Come se niente fosse, gaio come al solito, proclama terminato il proprio apprendistato e il romanzo si chiude dopo un altro centinaio di pagine inutili.
Quando Wilhelm scopre di avere un figlio, ormai bambino (e la madre era l'attrice che in realtà NON l'aveva tradito), gli si incolla subito e non ha occhi per nessun altro. La povera Mignon allora sta malissimo nel vedere che una delle poche persone a cui si sia mai affezionata non si occupa più di lei (non che lo avesse mai fatto, eh, era solo una sua illusione).

A questo punto, Wilhelm incontra sul suo cammino esclusivamente persone che hanno una qualche parentela con lui o con l'"Anima bella"; oppure si imbatte in gentiluomini che avevano acquistato le opere d'arte del suo defunto nonno. Con una serie di coincidenze così straordinarie che avrebbero fatto impallidire Charles Dickens in persona, i personaggi spuntano fuori uno dopo l'altro come funghi, quasi come se l'autore avesse trovato un modo straordinariamente facile per chiudere la storia.
Dopo l'ultima sensazionale rivelazione (un conte arrivato dall'Italia ed incontrato per puro caso è lo zio di Mignon, ma guarda), Wilhelm viene a sapere che la donna che aveva intenzione di sposare si sposerà invece con un altro. Come se niente fosse, ripiega su una sua amica e il problema è risolto. Quindi, che importa se la povera Mignon muore di dolore?
Proprio niente. Al termine della storia, troviamo Wilhelm felice e contento, nonostante la morte di colei che gli aveva portato la colazione a letto per mesi.
Profile Image for James Henderson.
2,225 reviews159 followers
February 12, 2021
The bildungsroman is generally considered to have been created by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in the 18th century with his novels Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship and The Sorrows of Young Werther. The main theme of this genre is seeing the protagonist mature from childhood into adulthood, and usually endure a series of challenges and obstacles along the way. The hero of Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship dreams of a life in the theatre, as exotic to him as space travel might seem to us. When an actress breaks his heart, he sets off with a touring company, encountering strange characters such as Mignon, an androgynous child, and a gloomy harp-playing minstrel whose songs Schubert set so beautifully. Goethe's writing is simple, elegant and uncluttered; the naturalism lures us into a story that gets odder by the page.

While there are coincidences mount and things are muddled by a book-within-the-book that seems a complete digression I found this book appealing by its very strangeness. It has been very influential and one writer hugely influenced by it, surely, was Franz Kafka. So were Walter Scott, James Hogg and Thomas Carlyle: Goethe's sense of the uncanny found a receptive audience in 19th-century Scotland. It remains for twenty-first century audiences to decide for themselves if it still has that appeal.
Profile Image for Czarny Pies.
2,830 reviews1 follower
October 29, 2019
"Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" is a legendary often referred to as the first bildungsroman and hence the direct ancestor of such celebrated twentieth century novels as "The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man", "Sons and Lovers" and "Look Homeward Angel." The classic English-language "bildungsromans" of the 20th century are autobiographical novels that describe the childhood and adolescent years of a young writer leaving him in his early twenties ready to embark on his literary career. "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" is an altogether different animal describing the amorous adventures of a young man with a troupe of actors and is a confused mess.
In "Goethe: His Life and Times", Richard Friedenthal offers an explanation of how Goethe came to produce such a dreadful dog's breakfast. Between 1777 and 1785 Goethe wrote a book that was published as "Wilhelm Meister's Theatrical Calling". In the 1790, Goethe decided to revise the "Theatrical Calling" publishing it between 1795 and 1796 as the "Apprenticeship". For the second version, Goethe changed both the characteristics and dramatic roles of many of the dramatis personae. Thus in the final version, the plot takes bizarre turns and the characters are wildy inconsistent in their actions.
Thematically, the work zigs and zags about in appalling fashion. In places "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" is like Jean Jacques Rousseau's "Nouvelle Heloise". The story of a troupe of itinerant actors that is similar to Paul Scarron's "Roman Comique". There is a Masonic section that brings to mind Mozart's "Magic Flute" and Potocki's "Lost Manuscript of Saragossa". Finally, Goethe throws in a manifesto arguing that Shakespearean drama must replace French Classicism in the theatres of Europe.
"Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" has long been recognized as a brutal slog. I find nothing to say in its defence.
Profile Image for Richard S.
442 reviews84 followers
September 17, 2016
This book is a monster, starts out shallow but becomes enormous as it goes on. Intensely romantic, but full of German coldness. The characters are vivid, very real, and each exists consistent in his or her own world. An endless stream of ideas on art and life.
Profile Image for Falk.
49 reviews48 followers
March 20, 2017
To which degree does Goethe’s Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre, the prototypical Bildungsroman, speak to us today? Maybe first of all as a counterweight to the fragmented “postmodern condition”. Though I started reading this work mostly as a sort of historical document, I found that it has more to offer than just that. It’s a fairly easy read; I never quite got used to the stylized and archaic language though – and especially in those parts that focuses on the inner state of the protagonist. On the other hand, Goethe’s descriptions of the theatre and individual actors actually sometimes have an almost contemporary feel – and so does his great wit and irony whenever it shines through. Other parts of the book can be more longwinded, particularly those dealing with e.g. the ideals of pietism, but even here the characters have some interesting traits and it also serves as an efficient contrast to the more lighthearted life in the theatre group. The sections and layers of the book that are influenced by freemasonry are a lot more intriguing. Throughout the book, Goethe moves effortlessly from the subjective to the objective; the individual versus the world; the young Wilhelm comes crashing into a world he doesn’t quite understand, with high hopes for himself and with boundless naiveté, yet manages to learn from his many strange encounters and to build character and integrity, slowly becoming his own person – almost in spite of himself it would seem, but still because of his innate character traits and the interaction with the outside world.
The novel can easily be seen as an expression of Goethe’s Ganzheitsdenken, and as for the development of the protagonist, there is little of what can be characterized as idealistic loftiness to it (as opposed to that of the protagonist himself), but rather a gradual insight gained through his encounters with the various other characters -- and through his work, Goethe aims to educate his reader as well as young Wilhelm. While, in the end, Wilhelm Meister successfully concludes his apprenticeship, I suppose it can be said that it is up to the individual reader to make a similar achievement.



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Profile Image for Preetam Chatterjee.
6,797 reviews358 followers
June 25, 2025
“Only he who learns to renounce can truly grow.”
But what if you’re not ready to let go of the stage, the dream, or yourself?

Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship isn’t just the granddaddy of the Bildungsroman—it’s the soft thunder of a soul trying to grow up, and tripping on its own shadow. Goethe’s young Wilhelm, driven by lofty ideas of theatre and self-fulfillment, wanders through love affairs, philosophical circles, secret societies, and endlessly shifting stages—both literal and metaphorical. He wants art. He wants truth. He wants meaning. He gets a long, winding education in disappointment, disillusionment, and—eventually—maturity.

This isn’t the neat arc of a modern novel. It’s messy. It’s wandering. Sometimes maddeningly so. But that’s the point. Goethe gives us life as it unfolds—not in scenes, but in spirals. The world does not hand Wilhelm an epiphany; it hands him contradictions and asks, “Figure it out.”

I read Wilhelm Meister when I was teaching during a particularly chaotic academic year—the kind of year when every syllabus felt too long and every student’s eyes too sleepy. And yet, this book made me pause. I saw my younger self in Wilhelm—idealistic, confused, overly serious, undercooked. And Goethe? He looked at me and said, “Good. That’s how apprenticeships work.”
Profile Image for Steve Gordon.
367 reviews13 followers
April 21, 2013
Perhaps not the tightest ship of a novel, but certainly all its intellectual cannons were blasting the world to bits. Much in the same way as reading Balzac, Tolstoy, or Marx, one feels that he or she is spending a sliver of time in the mind of genius while journeying with Wilhelm. I was particularly attracted by Goethe's expressions of Eastern philosophy... especially in the Indenture. I felt as though I was reading Lao Tzu and could certainly see the inspiration Herr Hesse must have found in ol' Johann Wolfgang.
Profile Image for La Tammina.
90 reviews20 followers
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March 18, 2025
Dirò un'eresia ma nella mia immersione nella (abbastanza bizzarra, letta con lo sguardo di oggi) letteratura del '700 questo Meister mi è sembrato un romanzone in salsa gotica: massimi sistemi filosofici frullati con intrecci assurdi e colpi di scena ancora più assurdi, con qualche morte (sempre assurda) qui e là. Non so se per la critica sia il miglior Goethe, di certo è il mio preferito, nella sua imperfezione.
Profile Image for Крюкокрест.
136 reviews2 followers
February 10, 2025
Рассуждения о любви, образовании, искусстве, Германии и Боге. Но больше всего о театре, разумеется. Текст полон очевидных мудростей и афоризмов, которые без регулярного проговаривания однако имеют склонность теряться из виду. Множество чудных образов и черт эпохи: особенно меня впечатлила репутация Штатов в европейском высшем обществе 1770-х годов - как места, куда всегда можно поехать как на фронтир в романтическом порыве республиканизма. А около-масонское "Общество Башни" чего стоит - сцена в Башне действительно зачаровывает. Про чудесные пейзажи и городскую жизнь в Южной Германии, в которых происходит действие, и говорить не приходиться. Хочется только пожелать читателю самому побывать в тех местах.

Лучше всего подойдёт для спокойного созерцательного чтения по 1-2 часа в день. Не самый лучший вариант, чтобы брать нахрапом. Первая половина очень затянута, но если выдержите её, то в конце вас ждёт настоящая твист-бомба.
Profile Image for Rita .
4,017 reviews93 followers
June 17, 2020
UNA "COESIONE SPIRITUALE"

L'unico romanzo della letteratura tedesca che mi sia piaciuto al punto da assegnargli cinque stelline. E, ancora una volta, è tutto merito di un corso universitario, il che mi fa pensare a quanto tempo in più dovremmo avere a disposizione per affiancare ad ogni libro che leggiamo un'analisi critica approfondita. Sì, perché studiare la biografia di Goethe, il contesto letterario, e le caratteristiche del Bildungsroman; comparare le figure di Wilhelm e Werther; andare alla ricerca di tutti i riferimenti intratestuali ed intertestuali non è stato tempo buttato, anzi.
Anche riflettere sui termini tedeschi ha costituito un importante arricchimento. In particolare, mi ha molto colpita la questione della trasformazione dell'arte (Kunst) alla quale si assiste in questa vicenda: superando la dimensione soggettiva rappresentata dalla vocazione teatrale (la "theatralische Sendung") di Wilhelm, quest'arte assume il significato di mestiere. Il protagonista diventa allora Meister, un professionista inserito nella società borghese, che ha pertanto superato la scissione fra artista e comunità dolorosamente vissuta da Werther e si è specializzato in un'ars (quella medica, come scopriremo nei "Wanderjahre") dai risvolti pratici e sociali.
Diciamo pure che quest'opera ha il vantaggio di possedere una trama ricca di eventi, personaggi, colpi di scena e segreti che la nostra insegnante è stata bravissima a non far trapelare dalle sue esaustive spiegazioni. Una perfezionista come me, poi, non poteva restare indifferente di fronte alle sequenze tipologiche (come quella formata dal principe malato d'amore, Wilhelm ferito e Amleto) e ai continui richiami tra le varie parti del testo. Questi ultimi, infatti, lo dotano di quella che la suddetta professoressa ha definito una "coesione spirituale", da me apprezzata infinitamente.
Fra queste corrispondenze, quella che più mi ha affascinato è stata quella fra la vita e l'arte in tutte le sue forme. Opere teatrali ("Amleto", "Emilia Galotti"), Lieder, personaggi letterari e biblici (Enrico V, Clorinda, Re Saul), quadri (il principe malato): il loro valore prolettico fornisce uno stimolo indescrivibile al lettore che, incamminandosi in questo percorso costellato di immagini (Bilden), non potrà evitare di formarsi parallelamente al protagonista stesso.

***

Lettura: 01/04/2020 - 26/04/2020
Studio: 09/06/2020 - 10/06/2020
Esame (online): 16/06/2020
Voto: 30 e lode
Profile Image for Chiara.
56 reviews10 followers
March 5, 2021
Diceva spesso: “L’uomo tende a tal punto a occuparsi delle cose più quotidiane, lo spirito e i sensi divengono così facilmente indifferenti alle impressioni suscitate dalla bellezza e dalla perfezione, che a ogni costo bisogna preservare in sé la facoltà di provare simili gioie. Nessuno, infatti, può rinunciare totalmente a esse, e solo dalla mancanza di abitudine a godere alcunché di bello dipende il piacere che molti provano nelle scempiaggini e nelle brutture, purché siano nuove. Bisognerebbe”, egli soggiungeva, “ascoltare tutti i giorni almeno una piccola canzone, leggere una buona poesia, vedere un quadro eccellente e, se fosse possibile, pronunciare anche qualche parola assennata”.
Profile Image for Jodi.
2,282 reviews43 followers
August 4, 2023
Es ist wirklich schade, einen Goethe abzubrechen - aber nur weil es Goethe ist, heisst das noch lange nicht, dass ich ein Buch, das mir nicht zusagt, auch beenden muss. Schliesslich lese ich es nicht für die Schule, sondern wenn, dann für mich. Oder für eine Challenge...

In Wilhelms Geschichte fand ich leider absolut nicht rein, obwohl ich es über längere Zeit versucht habe. Wir passen scheinbar einfach nicht zusammen. Also lasse ich ihn ziehen. Vielleicht treffen wir uns ja später wieder und dann könnte es ja klappen zwischen uns? Wer weiss, was die Zukunft bringen mag.

Aber momentan lese ich lieber etwas Anderes...
Profile Image for Laurien.
424 reviews14 followers
February 15, 2017
I did not finish this. It's extremely long and rather boring and I could just not bring myself to read further than 55 pages. Maybe one day.
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