“…we require now to extend the great principles of liberty, equality and fraternity over the lives of animals. Let animal slavery join human slavery in the graveyard of the past.”
- Patrick Corbett
Why Vegan? caught my curiosity because veganism was a subject which I hadn’t readily opened myself to before and, as a slender book of no more than 90 pages, I saw it as a great opportunity for a crash course.
Let me start by addressing how naïve I’ve been to the abnormality of certain practices we have come to accept in the farm industry. Practices which, to me, seem so unnatural that I now question why society continues to accept them.
Take for instance, the dairy sector. How I did not know this is beyond me, but:
“Like human females, [cows] do not give milk unless they have recently had a baby, and so dairy cows are made pregnant every year. The calf is [then] taken away from its mother just hours after birth [never to be returned], so that it will not drink the milk intended for humans.”
Our forced intrusion into this biological cycle for our own self-interest is rather gross. To repeatedly impregnate these animals. To so cruelly strip the mothers of their offspring. To then say that the milk is “intended for humans” doesn’t even begin to make sense - it was never our milk. It’s tyrannical self-entitlement.
When there are so many milk alternatives, you can’t help but think that all this could be easily avoided.
These four quotes I also came to appreciate:
“We have to speak up on behalf of those who cannot speak for themselves.”
“Habit. That is the final barrier that the Animal Liberation movement faces. Habits not only of diet but also of thought and language must be challenged and altered.”
“We commonly use the word 'animal' to mean animals other than human beings: This usage sets humans apart from other animals, implying that we are not ourselves animals - an implication that everyone who has had elementary lessons in biology knows to be false.
In the popular mind the term 'animal' lumps together beings as different as oysters and chimpanzees, while placing a gulf between chimpanzees and humans, although our relationship to those apes is much closer than the oyster's. Since there exists no other short term for the nonhuman animals, I have, in the title of this book and elsewhere in these pages, had to use 'animal' as if it did not include the human animal. This is a regrettable lapse from the standards of revolutionary purity but it seems necessary for effective communication.”
“Animal Liberation will require greater altruism on the part of mankind than any other liberation movement since animals are incapable of demanding it for themselves[.] Is man capable of such genuine altruism? Who knows? If this book does have a significant effect, however, it will be a vindication of all those who have believed that man has within himself the potential for more than cruelty and selfishness.”
However, some of the concepts Singer preaches are totally absurd, delusional, and irrational:
“What are we to do about genuine conflicts of interest like rats biting slum children? I am not sure of the answer, but the essential point is just that we do see this as a conflict of interests, that we recognise that rats have interests too.”
For all the valid points that he makes, to then produce such nonsense as this jeopardises the seriousness of his whole argument. Singer goes down massively in my estimations for genuinely considering this a legitimate moral problem???
Remember that Singer is keen to enforce the idea that we, as humans, are animals too. And at no point does he take issue with the natural laws of the animals kingdom e.g. survival of the fittest and the necessity of winners and losers. Of course, in the animal kingdom, a cat would overpower a rat. By the same token, a human would overpower a rat. Surely then, this “genuine” conflict of his is neatly settled by the above - if we, as the fitter and stronger animal, are antagonised and attacked by the rat, then we can be expected to defend ourselves in accordance with those natural laws: humans > rats.
This conclusion avoids all the biases of speciesism but still results in a settlement of the conflict.
And
“[Here are] a selection of experiments taken from recent scientific journals. I will quote two, not for the sake of indulging in gory details, but in order to give an idea of what normal researchers think they may legitimately do to other species. The point is not that the individual researchers are cruel men, but that they are behaving in a way that is allowed by our speciesist attitudes.”
For someone who is so quick to draw the comparison between slave owners and meat eaters, Singer's decision to acquit the scientists whom conduct experiments on live animals of any moral wrongdoing or 'cruelty’ is skewed and questionable. Were slave owners thus not cruel men, merely individuals behaving in a way that was allowed by society’s racist attitudes?
Extra food for thought:
“Vitamin B12 is the only essential nutrient not available from plant foods, and it is easy to take a supplement obtained from vegan sources.”
“There is no characteristic that human infants possess that adult mammals do not have to the same or a higher degree.”
The British government refused to implement the following proposal into the laws of animal welfare in factory farms on the grounds that it was too idealistic:
“Any animal should at least have room to turn around freely.”
“The heavy emphasis in affluent nations on
rearing animals for food wastes several times as much food as it produces. By ceasing to rear and kill animals for food, we can make so much extra food available for humans that, properly distributed, it would eliminate starvation and malnutrition from this planet. Animal Liberation is Human Liberation too.”
“[In 2018] the livestock industry [accounted] for about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions, roughly the same as the emissions from the tailpipes of all the world's vehicles. But whereas vehicle emissions can be expected to decline as hybrids and electric vehicles proliferate, global meat consumption is forecast to be 76% greater in 2050.”