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قربانی: ماهیت و کاربرد آن
Book by Henri Hubert, Marcel Mauss
180 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1899
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Displaying 1 - 14 of 14 reviews
September 16, 2025
Sinceramente? Achei que poderia aproveitar mais deste livro sobre o sacrifício. Mas ele vem de autores da antropologia clássica, que se dedica a pensar os povos "primitivos" como apartados de nós, como se a nossa sociedade por si só já não fosse uma experiência antropológica intensa. O livro não fala muito sobre o autosacrifício, sobre a abnegação, que era o que eu gostaria mais de ter lido aqui. Ele fala mais do ponto de vista religioso, como uma experiência de troca em que algo é dado ou consumido em virtude de uma ascensão espiritual. Mauss e Hubert trazem diversas classificações de sacrifício e se concentram em explicar a ideia de sacrifício divino que permeia diversas sociedades "primitivas" e a sociedade cristã. Foi um livro que consegui ler rapidamente porque ele tem mais notas do que um livro comum. Talvez um terço da publicação seja apenas de notas e paratextos como índice onomástico. Mais um livrinho que vai voar nos sebos da alegria do desapego.
September 22, 2013
If I can ignore its structualist propensity (like a single scheme to account for all the complexity of known sacrifices), then it's an awesome book--rejecting Durkheimian dichotomy of individual/social, body/mind & amplifying the empirist strands in Durkheimian approach to religion--which makes the brand of Mauss!
March 23, 2022
البشر مثيرين للثفقة .. معتقدات حمقاء تزيدنا صعوبة وشقاء في حين ان الوجود في هذه الحياة صعب في حد ذاته وكأننا في حاجة للمزيد من البؤس والعقبات
احب ان اشكر جهود المترجم في اثراء المقالة بالهوامش والمراجع
احب ان اشكر جهود المترجم في اثراء المقالة بالهوامش والمراجع
January 4, 2022
Este livro é um curto ensaio sobre o papel dos sacrifícios nas culturas indiana e judaica. Os autores buscam sistematizar as diferentes formas e propósitos dos sacrifícios, traçando semelhanças entre as diferentes etapas a manifestações sagradas, além de estabelecer pontos em comum entre diferentes culturas. Achei especialmente interessante o caráter dual do sacrificado em diversos contextos: se a princípio “impuro” e fonte de crises no centro de uma comunidade, ele se torna sagrado e reverenciado após o sacrifício, exatamente como se esperaria da origem do termo sacrificar (“tornar sagrado”) no latim.
Mauss e Hubert tratam os sacrifícios, até por sua associação religiosa, como fenômenos estritamente sociais. É inserido em uma comunidade que tais atos ganham relevância e é buscando representar ou tornar-se algo diante do coletivo que tais rituais ganham peso. Se é verdade que o livro aborda isso em diversos pontos, fiquei com a sensação de que as explicações e justificativas para tal não são assim tão profundas, com os autores se dedicando muito mais em descrever as diversas variações do fenômeno do sacrifício. Nesse sentido, o livro é um referencial importante para obter exemplos desse tipo, mas não faz um trabalho tão bom em explicar o significado desses rituais no contexto social.
Apesar dos autores não estritamente concordarem com a envergadura que esses rituais obtiveram numa conjuntura social, fica fácil notar como essa obra foi uma “ponte” para a teoria mimética de Girard, que posiciona o sacrifício como origem dos mitos sagrados e resolução de crises sociais em sociedades da antiguidade.
Mauss e Hubert tratam os sacrifícios, até por sua associação religiosa, como fenômenos estritamente sociais. É inserido em uma comunidade que tais atos ganham relevância e é buscando representar ou tornar-se algo diante do coletivo que tais rituais ganham peso. Se é verdade que o livro aborda isso em diversos pontos, fiquei com a sensação de que as explicações e justificativas para tal não são assim tão profundas, com os autores se dedicando muito mais em descrever as diversas variações do fenômeno do sacrifício. Nesse sentido, o livro é um referencial importante para obter exemplos desse tipo, mas não faz um trabalho tão bom em explicar o significado desses rituais no contexto social.
Apesar dos autores não estritamente concordarem com a envergadura que esses rituais obtiveram numa conjuntura social, fica fácil notar como essa obra foi uma “ponte” para a teoria mimética de Girard, que posiciona o sacrifício como origem dos mitos sagrados e resolução de crises sociais em sociedades da antiguidade.
October 27, 2008
A synthesis of and elaboration on various anthropological perspectives of religious sacrifice. Mauss, as the sort of scion of classical anthropology, writes well with Hubert, but most of this book could have just been left out and the conclusion could've been published alone as an essay.
March 27, 2026
The study covers the concept of sacrifice (animal, human), primarily in India and the Middle East. (There are a few references to sacrifice as practiced in Mesoamerica as well). The book was originally published in 1898.
A sacrifice occurs when blood is shed. The sacrifier is the community on behalf of whom a sacrifice is made. The sacrificer is the one who performs the sacrifice. Typically, this is a priest who is trained in complex rituals to ensure the sacrifice is performed correctly.
The object of sacrifice is the victim, whose life is taken on behalf of the community. As I understand it, a sacrifice is a way to appease god/gods to ensure benefits for the community, or they are acts of atonement for past transgressions. Through purification rituals, the victim is cleansed to prepare it for its entry into the world of the divine. At the exact moment of sacrifice, the victim’s soul ascends to the divine world; the now lifeless body is left behind in the profane world. Though there are variations, eating of the corpse also imparts divinity to the priests or members of the community.
I don’t think this book covers the whole of what’s involved with sacrifice, but it’s a good start. Three immediate takeaways for me:
I am wondering now whether Jesus’ death on the cross is to be seen as a human sacrifice. There seem to be two explanations for his death. One, that his teachings were at odds with old-school Judaism and thus threatening, necessitating his death and removal from the community. But Jesus is also said to have died for “our sins” on the cross, which has been a perplexing thought that made little sense. After reading this book, the explanation seems to be consistent with the notion of gods themselves being sacrificed for the benefit of the community.
Are there not parallels between the Aztecs and India/Middle East that suggest that something quite universal is at work in the function of sacrifice, i.e. everywhere across the globe, sacrifice is the intermediary between the sacred and profane worlds. Aztec sacrifices were performed at the highest point of their pyramidal structures. Seen this way, they are profane structures that reach toward the divine world, and thereby facilitate the connection with it. The act of sacrifice at the top of the temple releases the victim’s soul for ascendance, and the body is discarded by pushing it down the temple stairs, dramatically, to return it to the profane world. While the Aztec practice is more dramatic, it does emphasize the same point made by the authors in this book, i.e. at the moment of death, the spirit from the victim ascends to the heavens, and the discarded body returns to the profane world.
The universal elements behind sacrifice might be this: We need to survive and to have our basic needs met. Gods in the heavens are created to ensure that we live after death, and that we are well in this life. Gods and the heavens are thus the product of “robust imaginations” that are prompted by our deepest needs and fears.
A sacrifice occurs when blood is shed. The sacrifier is the community on behalf of whom a sacrifice is made. The sacrificer is the one who performs the sacrifice. Typically, this is a priest who is trained in complex rituals to ensure the sacrifice is performed correctly.
The object of sacrifice is the victim, whose life is taken on behalf of the community. As I understand it, a sacrifice is a way to appease god/gods to ensure benefits for the community, or they are acts of atonement for past transgressions. Through purification rituals, the victim is cleansed to prepare it for its entry into the world of the divine. At the exact moment of sacrifice, the victim’s soul ascends to the divine world; the now lifeless body is left behind in the profane world. Though there are variations, eating of the corpse also imparts divinity to the priests or members of the community.
I don’t think this book covers the whole of what’s involved with sacrifice, but it’s a good start. Three immediate takeaways for me:
I am wondering now whether Jesus’ death on the cross is to be seen as a human sacrifice. There seem to be two explanations for his death. One, that his teachings were at odds with old-school Judaism and thus threatening, necessitating his death and removal from the community. But Jesus is also said to have died for “our sins” on the cross, which has been a perplexing thought that made little sense. After reading this book, the explanation seems to be consistent with the notion of gods themselves being sacrificed for the benefit of the community.
Are there not parallels between the Aztecs and India/Middle East that suggest that something quite universal is at work in the function of sacrifice, i.e. everywhere across the globe, sacrifice is the intermediary between the sacred and profane worlds. Aztec sacrifices were performed at the highest point of their pyramidal structures. Seen this way, they are profane structures that reach toward the divine world, and thereby facilitate the connection with it. The act of sacrifice at the top of the temple releases the victim’s soul for ascendance, and the body is discarded by pushing it down the temple stairs, dramatically, to return it to the profane world. While the Aztec practice is more dramatic, it does emphasize the same point made by the authors in this book, i.e. at the moment of death, the spirit from the victim ascends to the heavens, and the discarded body returns to the profane world.
The universal elements behind sacrifice might be this: We need to survive and to have our basic needs met. Gods in the heavens are created to ensure that we live after death, and that we are well in this life. Gods and the heavens are thus the product of “robust imaginations” that are prompted by our deepest needs and fears.
February 11, 2024
يقدم الكتاب إجابات عن أسئلة من قبيل .. ما هو القربان؟
وما هو التأثير الاجتماعي والنفسي للقربان في حياة المجتمعات والافراد؟
أركان القربان/ المضحي .. الزمان والمكان .. الأدوات .. الكاهن الجزار .. الضحية
هناك تشابه كبير بين القربان الهندوسي والقربان اليهودي في الطقوس المصاحبة لإقامة القربان
القربان ينقل صفة القداسة من الحيوان إلى المضحي المرتبط بعالم الدناسة وهذا من عالم الالهة المقدس واكتساب المضحي صفات مقدسة
يستنتج الكتاب نقاط منها هناك ارتباط بين المقدس والمدنس .. التكفير عن الخطايا .. طلب جلب المنفعة أو دفع الضرر .. الأقرب إلى الالهة واسترضائها.. طلب معرفة الغيوب .. إلحاق الاذى بالعدو .. وأهم وظيفة هي إخراج المضحي من عالم المدنس إلى عالم المقدس
وما هو التأثير الاجتماعي والنفسي للقربان في حياة المجتمعات والافراد؟
أركان القربان/ المضحي .. الزمان والمكان .. الأدوات .. الكاهن الجزار .. الضحية
هناك تشابه كبير بين القربان الهندوسي والقربان اليهودي في الطقوس المصاحبة لإقامة القربان
القربان ينقل صفة القداسة من الحيوان إلى المضحي المرتبط بعالم الدناسة وهذا من عالم الالهة المقدس واكتساب المضحي صفات مقدسة
يستنتج الكتاب نقاط منها هناك ارتباط بين المقدس والمدنس .. التكفير عن الخطايا .. طلب جلب المنفعة أو دفع الضرر .. الأقرب إلى الالهة واسترضائها.. طلب معرفة الغيوب .. إلحاق الاذى بالعدو .. وأهم وظيفة هي إخراج المضحي من عالم المدنس إلى عالم المقدس
October 20, 2023
من أجمل الكتب التي قرأتها انتقلت معها إلى عالم مختلف فالقربان عنوانه ويعود بك إلى ما قبل التاريخ وما بعده تتنقل في الديانات وترى الناس يقومون بطقوس القربان لتكفير عن ذنبهم والتطهر والطلب ودرء الخطر أيضا وإن اختلفت آلهتهم فالقرابين وأسبابها متشابه إن لم تكن تماما التشابه لنقل مقاربة، يتحدث أيضا عن أقسام القرابين حيوانية وزراعية وهناك قسم غريب كنت أسمعه عنه لكن أن أقرأ عنه جديدة علي ألا وهي القرابين البشرية. انصح بهذا الكتاب لكن لمن يحب البحث والاطلاع فهذا الكتاب سيجعلك تبحث كثيرا عن حضارات وديانات قبل التاريخ وبعده
December 6, 2017
An all-too-brief but still enthralling exploration of the sacred and the profane as shown though the medium of the sacrifice, "Sacrifice" gives the reader, through its erudite and gentle manner, a view of the role sacrifice plays in human societies. Tammuz, Dionysus, Soma, Christ, the Greek ritual of Bouphria: all are explored with grace and depth. Essential reading for those interested in the subject.
September 22, 2020
Skimmed it somewhat
August 1, 2017
Chock full of examples, and an excellent study of the structure of sacrifice. Complex notion of the sacrificial victim's liminality and power.
April 4, 2022
Dejando de lado la idealización y justificación de los rituales y sacrificios, en verdad es un buen libro que esboza, por medio de distintos ejemplos de todo el mundo, como se encuentra estructurada dicha práctica cultural.
March 14, 2007
Mix and Match the Vedas with Leviticus. Yum!
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December 7, 2020How does one rate academic books on a site intended to be used for leisure reading?
Displaying 1 - 14 of 14 reviews