Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy: A Systematic Individual and Social Psychiatry

by Eric Berne

2021 Hardcover Reprint of 1961 Edition. Full Facsimile of the original edition. Not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Berne is the originator of transactional analysis, which he made famous with his landmark publication "Games People Play." In this work Berne lays the groundwork for a rational method for understanding and analyzing human behavior. "Transactional analysis" (TA), is a theory in psychology that examines the interactions, or 'transactions', between a person and other people. The underlying precept is that humans are social creatures and that a person is a multi-faceted being that changes when in contact with another person in their world. Berne developed the concept and paradigm of TA in the late 1950s and it has gone on to have continuing influence in popular psychology. Psychiatry of the Individual and Structural Analysis -- The structure of personality -- Personality function -- Psychopathology -- Pathogenesis -- Symptomatology -- Diagnosis -- Social Psychiatry and Transactional Analysis -- Social intercourse -- Analysis of transactions -- Analysis of games -- Analysis of scripts -- Analysis of relationships -- Psychotherapy -- Therapy of functional psychoses -- Therapy of neuroses -- Group therapy -- Frontiers of Transactional Analysis -- Finer structure of the personality -- Advanced structural analysis -- Therapy of marriages -- Regression analysis -- Theroretical and technical considerations -- A terminated case with follow-up.

Genres: Psychology, Nonfiction, Self Help, Psychiatry, Counselling, Relationships, Mental Health

272 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 1961

About the author

Eric Berne was a Canadian-born psychiatrist best known as the creator of transactional analysis. Eric was born on May 10, 1910 as Eric Lennard Bernstein in Montreal, Canada.He and his sister Grace, who was five years younger than Eric, were the children of a physician and a writer, David and Sara Gordon Bernstein.David Bernstein died in 1921, and the children were raised by their mother.

Bernstein attended Montreal's McGill University, graduating in 1931 and earning his M.D., C.M. in 1935.While at McGill he wrote for several student newspapers using pseudonyms. He followed graduation with a residency in psychiatry at Yale University, where he studied psychoanalysis under Paul Federn.

In 1943 he changed his legal name to Eric Berne.He continued to use pseudonyms, such as Cyprian St. Cyr ("Cyprian Sincere"), for whimsical articles in the Transactional Analysis Bulletin.

Berne's training was interrupted by World War II and his service in the Army Medical Corps, where he was promoted to the rank of Major. After working at Bushnell Army Hospital in Ogden, Utah, he was discharged in 1945.

Reviews

[Sara Kamjou · Rating 3 out of 5]

این کتاب همون‌طور که از اسمش پیداست، در مورد نظریه‌ی تحلیل رفتار متقابل به قلم صاحب نظریه یعنی اریک برنه.
به نظرم کتاب وضعیت آخر خیلی بهتر و ساده‌تر اصول نظریه تحلیل رفتار متقابل رو توضیح داده. گرچه من نسخه‌ی صوتی کتاب رو گوش دادم و باید بعدا مجددا به صورت متنی بخونمش.
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یادگاری از کتاب:
ممکن است در مواردی خاص و سخت، چند ساعت عبوس باشیم یا هفته چند هفته عبوس باشیم ولی نباید ماه‌ها و سال‌ها عبوس باشیم.

[Gypsy · Rating 5 out of 5]

از دورۀ لیسانس می‌خواستم این کتاب رو بخونم ولی خیلی می‌ترسیدم خوشم نیاد و یه چیزی باشه که الکی توی روانشناسی معروف شده باشه. بعد تحقیق کردم و خوندم و گشتم و دیدم نه، خیلی چیز درست و درمونیه. و چقدر خوشم اومد. خیلی لازم داشتم بخونمش.

[Mitra.Daal · Rating 3 out of 5]

تحلیل رفتار متقابل : خیلی از مردم ممکنه این روش روان درمانی رو با صحبت های دکتر‌بابایی‌زاد ‌بشناسند.
چند فصل اولیه کتاب که درباره ی ساختار شخصیت و “حالات من” هست برای همه ی افراد جذاب هست اما فصول بعدی بیشتر برای روان درمانگران و دانشجویان روان شناسی میتونه مفید باشه، ترجمه بسیار عالیه(دکتر فصیح که نیاز به معرفی ندارند)، بسیار روانه و به عنوان یک کتاب روانشناسی که گفتم ممکنه فصول انتهایی اون زیاد برای خوانندگان مختلف(نه فقط روان درمانگران) گیرا نباشه، اما همچنان قابل فهم و درک هست.
روش روان درمانگری TA، این روزها بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته و به نظرم خوندن این کتاب برای علاقه‌مندان به روانشناسی و روان‌درمانی مفید هست .

[Fereshteh · Rating 5 out of 5]

تحلیل رفتار متقابل نظریه نسبتا جدیدی در روانشناسیه که دکتر اریک برن که نویسنده این کتابه معرفیش کرده.
کتاب در سال ۱۹۶۰ نوشته شده و در اون دکتر برن با استفاده از تجربیات روان‌درمانیش به توصیف نظریه پرداخته.
خوندن کتاب برای بار اول چندان سهل و دلنشین نیست٬ ترجمه به نظرم یه مقدار سنگینه و فضای کتاب بیشتر شبیه یک کتاب درسی روانشناسیه تا کتابی برای خودشناسی و مناسب عامه مردم. ولی اصول و مفاهیم اولیه نظریه تحلیل رفتار متقابل(TA) کاملا شرح داده شده و بسیار جالبه.
نویسنده با استناد به جلسات درمانی گروهی و بیمارانی که با این روش به خوبی درمان شدن٬ روش جدیدی در نگاه به ساختار روانی انسان و مشکلات رفتاریش پیشنهاد میده. تحلیل رفتار متقابل بر این اصل تکیه داره که روان هر فرد از سه بخش والد٬ بالغ و کودک تشکیل شده و مشکلات روانی افراد به دلیل ناهماهنگی در این سه بخش وجودیه.
اصل مهم دیگه در این نظریه٬ مفهوم بازی‌هاست که به تبادلات رفتاری آدم‌ها برای رسیدن به یک نتیجه روانی مشخص و ناخودآگاه در ارتباط باهم گفته میشه.
من در زمینه تحلیل رفتار متقابل فقط همین یک کتاب رو خوندم و با اینکه خوندنش آسون نبود ولی خیلی مفید بود.

[Astiazh · Rating 5 out of 5]

این کتاب خیلی جذابه خیلی کمک میکنه به بالغانه رفتار کردن بخصوص که در کنارش صحبتهای آقای دکتر بابایی زاد رو هم بشنوید و لذتش رو ببرید.
سایت حال خوب برنامه های دکتر رو برای دانلود دارن هم صوتی و هم ویدئو

[Alireza Khalajzadeh · Rating 5 out of 5]

I found out most people read the book without previous information about “transactional analysis”. It’s been suggested to everyone firstly read the books “I’m ok,you’re ok” and “staying ok” before starting this one. It would give one a better understanding of the theory fundamentals and implementation. Also it would give one much more ease to connect with “games people play” functions.

[Vida · Rating 3 out of 5]

برای کامل کردن مجموعه کتاب های وضعیت آخر و ماندن در وضعیت آخر، این کتاب رو هم خوندم ولی با توجه به اینکه نویسنده با کتابای قبلی متفاوت بود، لحن کتاب ثقیل شده بود و توضیحات تا حدی تخصصی و خوندشون برای مخاطب عام که من باشم خیلی لذت بخش نبود. ولی خب برای این جمع
بندی کل مبحث رفتاری کودک والد بالغ خوب بود و از خوندنش پشیمون نیستم.

[Mike Zoleski · Rating 5 out of 5]

TOP QUALITY PRESENTATION of how EGO is MASTER, READ this BOOK FREE YOUR MIND.

[Michael David · Rating 4 out of 5]

I had no expectations when I started reading Games People Play, but found it was a smooth and easy-to-understand breakdown of my interpersonal relationships. While I'm no therapist, I found Berne's transactional analysis theory to be insightful as regards my own thinking and psychology. I used this book to guide other people's introspection and reaction toward reality. This book is a more technical yet equally salient disquisition on the theoretical aspects of transactional analysis. I enjoyed reviewing its concepts and will revisit these time and again to streamline and promote further self-understanding.

[Ammar Eslamkhah · Rating 5 out of 5]

اریک برن و از روی کتاب "بازی ها" شناختم و مجذوب نظریه های جالبش شدم.
در مورد خود کتاب ترجمه شده نکته ای که وجود داره اینه که چرا ناشر اصرار داره که کتاب بازی ها رو هم توش جا بده و تبدیل به یک کتاب کنه؟
و اینکه چرا باید کتاب بازی ها در انتهای نسخه ی ترجمه شده ی تحلیل رفتار متقابل باشه؟
بازی ها مقدمه ی این کتاب حساب می شه. شما باید اول کتاب بازی ها رو بخونید و با نظریه بازی ها آشنا بشید و بعد بتونید تحلیل رفتار متقابل و متوجه بشید.
لازمه این نکته رو هم بگم که من رشته م علوم سیاسی هست و در حوزه ی روانشناسی تخصص ندارم.
اما هر جفت کتاب های اریک برن که خوندم بسیار مفید و کاربردی بودن.
قبل از مطالعه ی این کتاب، نظریه ی بازی ها رو نمی تونستم خیلی راحت برای کسی شرح بدم، هرچند به یک فهم کلی ازش رسیده بودم. با خوندن این کتاب، راحت تر تونستم مفاهیم نظری اریک برن و برای چند نفری شرح بدم و اونها رو برای خوندن کتاب ها تشویق کنم.
در مورد نظریه بازی ها با چند نفر از اساتید روانشناسی صحبت کردم و نظریه غریبی نیست اما نمی دونم توی ایران چقدر در حوزه ی روانشناسی کاربرد داره و توی درمان ها ازش استفاده می شه.
توصیه می کنم حتما کتاب بازی ها رو اول بخونید و به صورت کاربردی هم ازش استفاده کنید

[Mohammd mohammadi · Rating 5 out of 5]

کتاب اریک برن خیلی عالیه ولی اگ کتاب وضعیت آخر رو به جاش بخونید بهتره به نظرم. من هر دو رو خوندم و به نظرم کتاب وضعیت آخر مطلب رو بهتر توضیح داده بود. گویا خود اریک برن هم از این کتاب در مقدمه تعریف کرده. در ادامه هم برید کتاب بازی های خود اریک برن رو بخونید.

[Nathan Albright · Rating 5 out of 5]

This is an interesting book, if you find psychology interesting [1].  Written by the same fellow who wrote the much less technical and much more popular book Games People Play, this book is a deeply technical look at the way in which the different ego states of people can be discovered and analyzed in multiple degrees.  This book is not for everyone; it tends to attack the legitimacy of moralistic "parental" approaches and as a result misses an important spiritual dimension in mental health, and its language is extremely technical and probably requires at least some background in Freudian psychology to fully grasp, although the basic principles of transactional analsysis are simple enough that even below-average intelligence combined with an intuitive observation of others is good enough to understand the fundamentals of this book, making this a deeply interesting book to read because of the generally humane atttitude of its author.  This author sounds like someone who would be a decent person to know and his approach to group and marital therapy remains highly influential, and there is much to appreciate here for those who are willing to wade through the book's language.

This book is divided into four parts with an appendix at the end that provides a case study of an interrupted but largely successful and complicated example of the author's therapeutic approach.  After a short introduction (1), the first part of the book looks at the psychiatry of the individual and basic structural analysis of the self, looking at the structure of personality (2), the function of personalities within the person (3), various pathologies that result over the course of life (4), the beginnings of those problems (5), the symptoms that tend to accompany mental health problems (6) and the diagnosis of these issues (7).  The second part of the book examines the subject of social psychology and transactional analysis, where the author talks about the stresses of social intercourse (8), the analysis of transactions within a given interaction (9), an analysis of games (10), the subject of the author's more popular book, an analysis of the scripts people use to reduce stress (11), and an analysis of the relationships people find themselves in (12).  The third part of the book gives a look at the author's approach to psychotherapy, with a discussion of the therapy of functional psychoses (13), the therapy of neuroses (14), and a lengthy discussion (filled with interesting transcripts) of group therapy (15).  The fourth and final part of the book contains more advanced and difficult material like a look at the finer and more complicated structure of the personality (16), advanced structural analysis (17), the therapy of marriages with the avoidance of triangulation (18), regression analysis (19), and some closing theoretical and technical considerations to the author's approach (20).

This book is an odd book but a good one.  On the one hand it has an immensely dense technical apparatus springing from the author's background in psychology that will be alienating to many readers who will have to look up quite a few words here even if their basic gist is straightforward enough.  Yet on the other hand the book is written with obvious compassion and a clear understanding that it is not intellectual ability but rather strength of character, sheer tenacity and integrity, and compassion and understanding of one's self and others that is the biggest hindrance between people and psychological health.  This book is written by an essentially honest man for others who believe that being honest about ourselves and honest in our dealings with others is the only way that we can move beyond games to genuine intimacy and friendship with other people.  If that honesty can be difficult to find, this book reminds us that the costs of dishonest dealings with others in order to avoid uncomfortable realities can have a heavy personal cost.

[1] See, for example:

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2012...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2012...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2011...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2018...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2017...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2017...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2017...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2017...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2017...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2017...

[Mohsen · Rating 5 out of 5]

کتابی که قدرت فهمیدن و سپس بخشیدن می‌دهد.

هیچ انسانی ذاتا بد نیست اما در ادامه برای این که او را برای کارهایش ببخشیم، باید بفهمیم.

این کتاب به ما نشان خواهد داد که ...

- چگونه فردی که با ما رابطه عاطفی دارد و دائم پرخاش می‌کند؛ صرفاً یک «کودک» هراسان در وجود خود دارد که از دوست داشته نشدن ترسیده است.

- چگونه پس از تمام شدن رابطه عاطفی به خود یادآور شویم که «کودک»انه در آرزوی لطافتی که از دست رفته، نباشد. «بالغ» خود را قدرت بخشیم که جهان واقع را به یاد آورد.

- چگونه پدر و مادر خود را ببخشیم با فهمیدن این نکته که آنها هم «والد»ی داشته‌اند که «کودک»شان را گاه آزرده کرده‌است.

• کتاب متنی نیمه تخصصی دارد اما فهمیدن تنها ۶۰ درصد آن می‌تواند اثرات بسیار عمیقی داشته باشد.

[Anushka Sierra · Rating 2 out of 5]

Find my reviews at Feminist Quill

While it explains theoretical principles with good substantiation, this book is also a huge turn off for several reasons - the stiff, academic style of writing and archaic use of terminology that has by now been repurposed being two of these. The casual racism and the outdated and problematic approach towards subjects like homosexuality and child sexual abuse are also extremely offputting.

Worth it if you have an academic interest in the subject and are willing to sift past these elements to get to the core ideas put forward by the author. Otherwise, even for non-academic education, there are likely to be more modern books that will repeat the same principles in better language. (I hope.)

[Hessam Nadr · Rating 2 out of 5]

نگارش پیچیده و سنگین
مناسب روانشناسان و دانشجویان این رشته برای تحقیق و رفرنس قراردادن
به افرادی که به تحلیل رفتار متقابل علاقمند هستن خوندن کتاب وضعیت آخر تامس ای هریس رو به جای این کتاب پیشنهاد میکنم

[Kate · Rating 3 out of 5]

Interesting read, and not too filled with professional terminology.

[Steven H · Rating 5 out of 5]

BERNE'S FIRST FORMULATION OF THE IDEAS HE MADE POPULAR LATER
‘
Eric Berne (1910-1970; born as Eric Bernstein, he changed his name in 1943) was a Canadian-born psychiatrist, who wrote many popular (even "trendy," in the 1960s) books such as 'A Layman's Guide to Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis,' 'Structure and Dynamics of Organizations and Groups,' 'Games People Play, 'Principles of Group Treatment,' etc.

He wrote in the Preface to this 1961 book, "This book outlines a unified system of individual and social psychiatry as it has been taught during the past five years at the Group Therapy Seminar at Mount Zion Hospital in San Francisco [etc.]... This approach is now being used by therapists and group workers in various institutional settings, as well as in private practice, to deal with almost every type of mental, emotional, and characterological disturbance. The growing interest in and wider dissemination of its principles have indicated a need for this book." (Pg. 11)

He says in the Introduction, "An ego state may be described phenomenologically as a coherent system of feelings related to a given subject, and operationally as a set of coherent behavior patterns; or pragmatically, as a system of feelings which motivates a related set of behavior patterns." (Pg. 17) He adds, "Colloquially, these types of ego states are referred to as Parent, Adult, and Child... Certain repetitive sets of social maneuvers appear to combine both defensive and gratificatory functions. Such maneuvers are colloquially called pastimes and games... More complex operations are based on an extensive unconscious life plan which is called a 'script,' after the theatrical scripts which are intuitive derivatives of these psychological dramas. These three terms 'pastime,' 'game,' and 'script,' form the vocabulary of transactional analysis." (Pg. 23)

He asserts, "In structural terms, a 'happy' person is one in whom important aspects of the Parent, the Adult, and the Child are syntonic with each other." (Pg. 57) He explains, "The Parent is the guide for ethical aspirations... the Adult is concerned with the earthly realities of objective living; and the Child is a purgatory, and sometimes a hell, for archaic tendencies." (Pg. 60) He suggests, "Transactional analysis is best done in therapy groups." (Pg. 90) He states, "a game can be defined transactionally as a set of ulterior transactions... with a concealed motivation... a series of moves with a snare or 'gimmick.'" (Pg. 104)

Later, he advises, "The trichotomy [Parent, Adult, Child] must be taken quite literally. It is just as if each patient were three different people. Until the therapist can perceive it this way, he is not ready to use this system effectively." (Pg. 235) He summarizes, "It is quite possible that the personality structure so far given might be adequate for a therapeutic lifetime, just as it served the writer well during the first phase of clinical formulation of these ideas." (Pg. 191)

Berne later presented this material in a much more "popular" style in 'Games People Play,' but this earlier, more "clinical" presentation provides great insight into his ideas during their development.

[Vincze Andrada · Rating 3 out of 5]

“Din punct de vedere existențial, o discuție pentru trecerea timpului este un mod de a evita vinovăția, disperarea sau intimitatea, un mecanism furnizat de natură sau cultură pentru a calma disperarea mută. Într-un mod mai optimist, ar fi ceva de care te bucuri doar de dragul său sau cel puțin un mijloc de socializare în speranța împlinirii mult doritei fuziuni cu o altă ființă umană. În orice caz, fiecare participant o utilizează, într-un mod oportunist, pentru a obține din aceasta beneficii primare și secundare”

[Kateřina Valová · Rating 3 out of 5]

Základy, kořeny a východiska transakční analýzy - kontext, který je pro pochopení celého tohoto psychoterapeutického směru dost zásadní a stojí za to překousnout i to, že je psaný dosti složitě a těžko stravitelně. Užitečné taky k tomu uvědomit si, co je z TA Bernův základ a co přidali a transformovali jeho následovníci.
Cíl TA podle Berna - aby mohl Dospělý zachovat kontrolu nad osobností člověka ve stresových situacích (ne aby byl aktivní pouze Dospělý); aby to byl Dospělý, kdo rozhoduje, který stav bude "u moci".

[Bradley · Rating 4 out of 5]

What a fascinating system of therapy. I wish he had gone more into structural analysis...although I believe he has another book that does, I also wish he had cleaned up his terminlogy...the whole neopsyche, exteropsyche bs doesn't do the theory any favours. However, his theory, case studies, and development of therapeutic knowledge definitely brings a new lens to my own framework and is helpful articulation of his form of therapy.

[Paℓe mooŋ · Rating 4 out of 5]

تحلیل رفتار متقابل (TA) یکی از کاربردی‌ترین و در عین حال ساده‌ترین مکاتب روانشناسیه. این کتاب هم کتاب مبدأشه و توسط خود اریک برن نوشته شده. خوندنش اندکی سخت بود، چون ترجمه‌ی آقای فصیح خیلی ثقیله. اما اگر بتونی این موضوع رو تحمل کنی، چیزهای خیلی جالبی یاد می‌گیری که قطعا توی زندگی شخصی هم به دردت خواهد خورد.
(برای خوندنش باید تا حدودی با نظریه‌ی فروید هم آشنایی داشته باشید)

https://taaghche.com/book/48658

[Alireza · Rating 5 out of 5]

Very interesting read and my first attempt to understand the psychology science.
Explores a new framework of analyzing oneself trough acts and plays in games which are package of social transactions, Which could bring you closer to foundation which you've learned to act upon in different psychological states.

[Gratiela · Rating 3 out of 5]

Deși nu sunt străină de noțiunile de psihologie, această incursiune în noțiunile de bază ale psihoterapiei tranzacționale a fost destul de greu de parcurs și de urmărit, n-aș putea spune că m-a lămurit în ce constă la modul de a putea folosi tehnici din aceasta abordare în munca mea psihoterapeutică. Voi reveni la ea.

[Logan Streondj · Rating 4 out of 5]

It's a good book, mostly deals with distinguishing parent, child and adult archetypes within the cognitive space of the human psyche. Has various psychotherapy approaches for singles and groups. Good companion book to "games people play".

[Siavash Karbassi · Rating 5 out of 5]

اوایل ترجمه کتاب کمی گیج کننده و آزار دهنده اس ولی کم کم به اصطلاحات به کار رفته عادت می کنیم. در مجموع کتاب و مبحث بسیار جالبیه ولی خب مثل تمام کتاب های حوزه روانشناسی به نظر من باید با احتیاط این کتاب ها رو خوند.

[Davids Bejers · Rating 4 out of 5]

If you need help and are thinking of seeing a psychologist, psychiatrist, or psychotherapist, this book is for you. If you have an injury or illness and want to work on it, it's good to know how to ask the right questions. Communication is the key. This book tells and provides many examples from the practice of Eric and his clients. Maybe you will find yourself in these examples or your relatives and friends.
But all the same, when you read Berne's books, there is a feeling of the last century.

[Booklover · Rating 5 out of 5]

این کتاب نظریه رفتار متقابل رو توضیح میده اگر به روانشناسی علاقه دارید خوندن این کتاب رو از دست ندید. کتاب های وضعیت آخر و ماندن در وضعیت آخر کنار این کتاب یک مجوعه خوب هستند


میتونید کتاب رو اینجا پیدا کنید
https://taaghche.com/book/48658

[Xosé Carreira · Rating 5 out of 5]

It is an easy, simple and relatively rigorous book to understand the keys to good communication and good relationships. It is easier to understand and apply the proposed trio parent, adult & child than superego, ego & id. In general, I love transactional analysis as a general coaching approach.

[Ali Angus · Rating 5 out of 5]

Genius model, so helpful to think about what maybe happening in interactions between people; the unspoken and unconscious drivers. Very technical language at times makes it brain-achingly hard work but the examples bring it all into life.

[Yakimets Anatoliy · Rating 5 out of 5]

Must read for every single person on planet earth.