This short, immensely readable book was first published in 1998 in the UK and then re-published in 2010 (with some additional material) by Sterling Publishing Company (NY) as part of its “A Brief Insight” series. It provides a fascinating discussion about music as it has developed in the West during the 20th-century.
Most interesting is the line of inquiry taken: our understanding of music in the West stems from what Cook calls the ‘Beethoven Phenomenon’ of the 19th-century which more or less established what might be meant by the term ‘great music’. The 20th-century, however, with its advances in instrumental and recording technology, and the increasing availability of wider concepts than merely European interpretations (making music from all over the world readily accessible, for example) permitted the questioning and even overturning of the previous century’s aesthetic assumptions. By the turn of the 21st-century, themes such as the spirit realm, of Nature or Music speaking through the genius composer had become foreign.
Cook examines concepts developed particularly as a result of the increased academic studies (such as the re-discovery of ‘early music’, for example, or cultural and multicultural ‘musics’, the use of music in politics and advertising, and the more recent considerations relating to gender studies) in a series of chapters relating to specific subject matters: music as an ‘imaginary object’; music as a matter of ‘representation’; the influence of academic analysis in the discipline; and problems of ‘gender’ and interpretation. None of this is presented in any difficult-to-understand way — indeed, the very opposite is the case.
The discussion about Western musical notation (found in the chapter on music as an imaginary object) I found to be particularly interesting: the fact that the notation of the earliest music we have is not so precise as one might think — that we really do not have any truly good idea as to how such notation was ‘interpreted’ and/or performed, let alone how they might have been heard and interpreted by their listeners; and the fact that for some musical cultures even today, such ‘notation’ may not even be possible in any practical sense of the word. It makes one re-think any preconceptions in this regard…
In the end, all of this seems to result in the ‘conclusion’ that music can have both good (if you’re optimistic) and bad (if you’re pessimistic) influences, and that therefore we have to be engaged actively with it. Two quotes from the end of the book: “…music is not a phenomenon of the natural world but a human construction. It is, par excellence, the artifice which disguises itself as nature. That is what makes it not only a source of sensory pleasure and an object of intellectual speculation, but also the ultimate hidden persuader.”; and “We need to understand [music’s] working, its charms, both to protect ourselves against them and, paradoxically, to enjoy them to the full. And in order to do that, we need to be able not just to hear music but to read it too: not in literal, notational terms, to be sure, but for its significance as an intrinsic part of culture, of society, of you and me.”
I have quoted these statements because, having read this book after Kevin Kelly’s 2010 “What Technology Wants’ and Denis Dutton’s 2009 “The Art Instinct” I feel that perhaps both these authors present alternative understandings relating to art and technology, and the interested reader might find them of particular interest. Cook’s 1998/2010 book limits itself to considerations of music only, but it appears to me that a rather comprehensive view is taken of the subject, and presented in a way that any reader will find informative, instructive and thought-provoking, and best of all, very easy to read.