I got this book for my Arthurian Legends class at William and Mary. We read parts of it for class; I remember the experience of reading it, with the weird spellings and all. And I clearly must have read some of it, because there are passages underlined. So I always meant to come back to it and read the whole thing.
I used to LOVE the Arthurian Legends. Mostly the Merlin stuff and the putting together of the Round Table and some of the Grail stuff, if only because it's reappeared in popular culture so much. Not so much the Lancelot and Guinevere stuff. And now that I've read the whole thing, I think I know why I always left that part to the side: it's because their story belies the entire idea of chivalry and truth. You can throw Tristan and Isolde in there, too. Just because Mark is a douchebag, doesn't make it OK to commit adultery against him or with his wife. Arthur is less of a douche, but he seems pretty gullible, selfish, and easily swayed by the last person he listened to. Merlin tells him not to marry her, because she will love Lancelot, not him. And Arthur's like, "Eh. It will be fine. Plus she's hot, so I'm gonna do it anyway." And then for most of the book he forgets that he was told of their love and refuses to believe it, while the whole court talks about it behind his back. And then when Gawain finally gets mad at Lancelot for killing Gareth, Arthur won't stand up to him, even though he wants to. And then a hundred thousand soldiers die. The more I read, the madder I got.
So here's what I mean about Lancelot and Guinevere's story belying the assumption that this whole world rests of chivalry and truth. THEY COMMIT ADULTERY AND LIE ABOUT IT. For YEARS. But they love each other, so it's OK. She inspires him to great deeds; he comforts himself with her beauty. WHATEVER. When they finally get found out and can't play it off, Lancelot says "I'll fight anyone who says she's not the truest lady to her lord." So: here are my layers of analysis of this. One, he doesn't say she didn't do it, just that he'll fight anyone who says otherwise. I supposed this is his way around "lying" because he's just posturing and bullying to spare her honor and get everyone to shut up about it. Two, there's this undercurrent that God lets only "true" knights win jousts and battles, that if a knight were REALLY on the wrong side, God wouldn't let him win. But this is disproved A BUNCH OF TIMES. Lancelot knows what he did, he knows he's won battles even while a sinner, so he knows the whole thing about God only letting "good" people win is bullshit. And yet he uses everyone else's faith in that (not to mention their fear of him as the best knight in the whole wide world) to bolster his claim that he and Guinevere have done nothing wrong. Knights are supposed to be honorable and tell the truth. And Lancelot KNOWS he and Guinevere have lied, and still he pretends to have honor or that her honor matters to him (so he can't let her die at the stake for something HE did when really they both did it but really they didn't do it, wink, wink). Her outward appearance of honor might matter, but he could have just stayed away from her if he cared about her honor for realsies. And so he takes advantage of everyone's good faith in him, of his reputation as a deadly knight, and of all the kinship and loyalty ties people have to him, mustering an army to defend themselves against FALSE CHARGES. And people are OK with it! A lot of the defense of the knights who side with him are "Well, he's a REALLY good knight, so I like him better than Arthur" not "This guy is in the right." But my FAVORITE interpretation of the line that he wants to prove Guinevere is the "truest lady to her lord" is this: what he's REALLY saying is that ALL ladies cheat, so Guinevere is truer than all others because she only cheated with ONE guy whom she really (REALLY) loved. There was an incident with a horn that only "true" women could drink out of, and almost all of them failed. So this could be Lancelot's crapweasel-y way of saying "What? Adultery's not that big of a deal! All the cool kids do it!" So this could be his cynical indictment of the whole damn sham of marriage and fidelity. But that doesn't make me like him better or think what he's doing is right. He wants the facade of doing right, not the actual hard way. That's why he and Galahad are different (although Galahad is all of 15, so...).
And then he enlists thousands of people in a campaign to defend honor that he knows isn't there. He hedges when Arthur comes for him, saying that he won't fight him directly, he'll just let a bunch of common folk and lesser knights die in order not to go against "the king who made [him] a knight". But then Gawain calls him a traitor (which he is) and then he fights. So he's now defending his honor against a bad word ("traitor") when HE KNOWS HE DID THE THING HE'S ACCUSED OF. Plus all the crap he says to Arthur about how much he did for him; it's like "Dude, everyone's afraid of you because I work for you, so get off my back for taking a few extracurricular perks."
Some might say that chivalry doesn't extend to avoiding sleeping with your boss's wife. It's LOVE. Courtly love is beautiful and noble. Whatever, bitches. I'd say you might have a leg to stand on, within the logic of the story, when Arthur says he regrets the fracturing of the Round Table over this quarrel more than the loss of his queen, because he can get more queens. Fine. So bros before hos. Got it. But what is so beautiful about their love? Guinevere is always pissed because she's worried he's not going to be true to her, and she sends him away and drives him crazy more than once. And what's all this "being true" to her? Lancelot sleeps with Elaine and gets Galahad, plus he toys with the affections of numerous other women. But he never meant it in his HEART: "it was enchantment, baby! I was thinking of you the whole time!" Their love is full of turmoil and jealousy and recriminations, because they CAN'T be together publicly. So THIS is the joy of courtly love? At the same time and more generally for the code, what about telling the truth? Is that really so mutable in the knightly code? And if keeping the commandments is so important for the Grail Quest (like being a virgin or only having done it ONCE), then why not throughout a knight's life? And are we really going to split hairs that only Guinevere committed adultery because she's the married one (and the woman)? There are larger suggestions that the code of chivalry isn't all that strict: Gawain and his brothers (not Gareth and Gaheris) are "murderers" for they killed Lamerok and some other knights in cold blood, without the proper ritual of jousting and sword play and all the steps necessary for a good kill. And they are still knights of the Round Table even though everyone talks about THAT at court, too. So the whole edifice is built on lies, rumor, bullying, and justifications for shit they wanted to do anyway.
So I think I'm done. When I think of all the people who died because of Lancelot and Guinevere, I get so mad. OH! And then at the end, Lancelot is like "Well, babe, Arthur's dead. Wanna make a go of it?" And Guinevere is like "Dummy: we need to be PUNISHED for all the lives we ruined, so I'm gonna be a nun." And he's like "Yeah, me too." He's got NO moral compass, even though he already knows he lost the Grail quest because of his sins.
The little lives around the edges also bother me. All those damsels captured by knights against their will and they're just prizes and transferred from one to the other. And the fields burned. And the hermits harassed. And the poor doctors who have to stitch these idiots up repeatedly. And when Lancelot is in Guinevere's chambers when they finally catch them, they mention Guinevere's ladies (plural!) help dress him in the armor of the first dead knight so he can fight his way out! The servants always know what's going on. I just wonder who those two thought they were kidding.
A few months back, I read an Icelandic saga, and one of the issues I had with the logic of the story was the theme of "I know if I pursue this course, I'm going to die. But I'm going to do it anyway." I can't get my head around that. From Arthur marrying Guinevere knowing she'll love another all the way through Arthur meeting Mordred in battle on the last day even though dead Gawain comes to him in a dream and says "If you fight him today, you'll die." At the time I attributed it to those wacky Icelanders. But this idea runs through these stories as well. It doesn't seem tragic or noble to me to pursue purposefully a course of self-destruction. It just seems willfully ignorant and a waste of time and life. I guess I'm not "honorable" as I'd rather live than die gloriously.
And all the death from tournaments and random jousting at bridges! So many knights (and horses!) die just from running around the countryside challenging each other and then killing each other or being willing to fight to the death just because they see someone they don't know (or don't think they know). Seriously: more than once, knights see other knights and are like "I bet I could kill that guy over there." And so they joust and then fight to the death. And even if they don't go to the death, there's a lot of healing of wounds time. Such a waste of resources and effort. It's all a thin veneer of civilization on a violent, bloodthirsty world. And maybe people would read this and say "Doi: that's the point." But we spend a lot of time glorifying this set of stories as a culture, and they're really not good. Maybe this is not the book for a pandemic.