Every time I read an Elizabeth Goudge novel I wonder what it is about them that I enjoy so much. The White Witch is ostensibly a historical novel, set in the time period of the early years of the English Civil War. The battle at Edgehill (23 October 1642) - considered the ‘first pitched battle of the war’ and basically a draw between the Royalists and Parliamentarians - plays a role in the book, as does the Battle of Chalgrove Field (18 June 1643) in which John Hampden (one of the Puritan leaders) was killed. Yet despite several battle scenes, and the introduction of many of the important characters of the conflict (King Charles I, Oliver Cromwell, Prince Rupert - the leader of the Royalist cavalry), the war is always quite secondary to Goudge’s other narrative concerns. And despite the realistic nature of her subject matter, Goudge manages to give this book the distinct feeling of fantasy. For the first time, it has occurred to me that her books remind me of C.S. Lewis’s Narnia Chronicles: within the structure of fantasy, they are really battles of good vs evil, Christianity vs the dark forces of anomie, and the individual conscience vs seductions of power.
Although this is an ensemble piece, with at least a dozen important characters, the best candidate for protagonist is Froniga Haslewood, the ‘white witch’ of the title. Froniga is the perfect character to express the duality that is at the heart of this book because her very identity is divided. Her mother was a gypsy, part of the ancient wandering Heron clan; her father was a Haslewood, a member of the the landowning gentry. Froniga is a homeowner and an important person in the community, not just because of her close relation to the Haslewoods, but also because of her own gifts for healing. She is an outstanding herbalist, with the added mystical (and supernatural) gifts of her gypsy heritage. Although she has aligned herself with the Parliamentarians, and wears their Puritan garb - following the example of her cousin Robert, the head of the family - she is in the important sense a ‘free agent’, always sensitive to the claims of her gypsy family and her higher calling as a healer. Although the doesn’t have the power of a military leader, she does have a great deal of power nonetheless - also within the realms of life and death - and like all of the important characters in this novel, she must struggle to reconcile her faith (and the higher claims of her God) with her own desires and capabilities.
There are many other important characters in the novel - the most interesting being Yoben (an adopted gypsy with a mysterious past, and the soulmate of Froniga), Madona (aunt to Froniga, and the maternal head of the Heron clan), the painter John Loggin, Jenny Haslewood, the Parson Hawthyn and a ‘black’ witch called Mother Skipton. Although a good amount of the novel is given over to the actual Civil War, it never really commands the interest (for this reader at least) as much as the internal conflicts of individual and community. The idea of civil war - brother against brother, and neighbour against neighbour - is played out between individual characters, and even more importantly in the divided self. While this might sound rather grim, it is elevated (perhaps ‘aerated’ would also apply) by Goudge’s lavish powers of description and her emotional sensitivity and her wisdom about human nature. Her sense of the beauty and mystery of the world permeates all of her work, and touches everything with a kind of magic dust that is usually only found in fantasy.
It’s really quite a strange book in many ways, but undeniably affecting - and perfect for this time of year, when the days abruptly darken and the veil between the known and unknown world seems thinner.