To Let, the third novel in the series of The Forsyte Saga, continues the family drama wherein the sins of the mother and father are visited on the son and daughter. If you are reading the third book of the series, I assume you that read the first and second, but if not, stop reading this review because it contains spoilers.
When considering To Let, and the books of The Forsyte Saga, it is useful to review English common law with regard to the relations between men and their wives. The English principles of coverture (also adopted in the US) gave all of a woman’s rights to her husband upon marriage; married women could not own property, control their earnings, enter into contracts, or sue and be sued. In effect, they became the property of the husband. From 1870 to 1882, the English dismantled the practice, and the practice was ended by the end of the nineteenth century in the US as well. Still, in the United States, I remember stories about women in the 1970s who could not obtain credit cards without their husband’s signature. Also remember that English common law of Primogeniture mandated that daughters could only inherit if there were no living male heirs.
Having sexual experience with your intended partner before marriage is a very recent common practice. No intimate knowledge of your future spouse could lead to very unhappy marriages. Divorce in England was more difficult for women than for men from 1857 to 1969. Women had to prove not only the husband’s adultery but also cruelty, desertion, incest or bigamy. Men had only to prove their wife’s adultery. No fault divorce was a long time in coming. Recall, too, it was a long-held legal principle that a wife could not withhold sex from her husband. Marital rape in England was not a crime until 1991. Married men were “entitled” by law to have sex with their wives. In California in the late 1960s, I remember my cousin warning her younger sister who was about to be married that if her husband wanted sex, he would be legally entitled to it. In the US, marital forced sexual intercourse became illegal in 1993, but there are lots of exemptions which persist today.
The story of these novels starts in the late nineteenth century and runs through the early 1920s. These now archaic concepts of male privilege described above persisted in the minds of those conservative males who did not readily adapt to the changes in law. Soames, the main character of the Forsyte Saga, born of a previous era and the original “man of property,” viewed his wife Irene as his property, even long after they separated, divorced, remarried and had children. The third book finds Soames and Irene, remarried but still at odds, and thrown by the circumstances of their children falling in love, thus having to deal with each other again.
The Saga’s principal themes explore these concepts of ownership, marriage, adultery, divorce, marital rape and even inheritance, between the various characters but most especially between Soames, Irene, and their other spouses and their children. For the sheer scope and audacity of attacking these themes at a time when the novels were published, I have to give the author credit. I wonder how controversial the novels were then.
Thank you to Katy, a moderator of the Goodreads group, Catching Up with the Classics, who proposed reading the series. I was hesitant to take on three books, but when I look back, the total pages were less than a Michener novel I recently read. Another Goodreads reader (thanks, Sam) commented that the whole series, in sum, is greater than the three novels individually taken. I agree. Individually, they are all 4 star novels, but the group of novels taken together deserves a 5 star rating.