Book quotes that stuck with me:
I wrote this poem in Nam Can Region in 1964 when the attacks of dysentery were severe and a fungus infection had set in. I dreamed it one night, woke up, and wrote it down. I believed it:
When all outside and round about,
is crushing, pushing, crowding down;
The air itself is filthy, dirty,
the outer shell corrupt, unclean.
From deep within, a voice rings through:
“Be calm, be still and carry on;
For I am untouched by all mundane,
and so forever shall I be.
For I am God’s and thy shell is God’s;
Together, we form thee;
Thy shell is clay and will be dust,
but I am all eternal.
You and I, we travel far; through birth and life,
through mortal death and life hereafter;
What happens now, in time will pass,
and memory, like your shell itself, cannot last.
So look up ahead at times to come,
despair is not for us;
We have a world and more to see,
while this remains behind.
He stood as others dream to stand; He spoke as others dared not even think; From soul deep faith, he drew his courage, his granite spirit, his ironclad will. The Alien force, applied with hate, could not break him, failed to bend him; Though solitary imprisonment gave him no friends, he drew upon his inner self to create a force so strong that those who sought to destroy his will, met an army his to command. Phrases of his I shall not forget, spoken sincerely, filled with truth: All I wish is to return to family, home and those I love; For I am young and life is dear, but to bargain for this life of mine when the price you ask requires of me to verify a lie and sell my honor short, makes clear the choice between the two; a life with honor, a life without; With me, you see, life without honor is no life at all, so I will not comply with what you require and choose to suffer whatever may come. This is my answer at this time, this is my answer in times to come; I only pray that I shall not weaken, for I am right and with God’s help, I will have strength to resist whatever means you use while attempting to fulfill your evil scheme.
Thus his fate was surely sealed, for such a man, standing firm defeated them on their own ground and for him to live and tell of this was a thing that could not be. I saw him not the day he died, for, I imagine, as he lived alone, so they arranged for him to die alone; But in my mind there is no doubt, as he stood while he was alive, Duty bound, Honor bound, Unswerving in allegiance, so he stood the day he died … a Rock.”
It was a case of knowing what I was against, but failing to define clearly what I was for.
In this situation, the VC were exploiting the weaknesses of individuals who are unsure of many things except their desire to remain alive. In depriving them of any interrelationship or interdependence, the cadre could work on individual anxieties and attack the loyalties which the man had formed under different circumstances. Over a period of time, loyalties, if not deeply rooted and well formed, can be eroded. Without unity, there is no method of maintaining the validity of one’s beliefs while the cadre works to destroy them.
From a physical standpoint he could have whipped the problem, but it was psychological as well and the brief contact with Tim Barker had provided Dave with his answer to escaping the oppressive environment.
I spent long nights after that analyzing my thoughts and reactions. I had felt bitterness and hatred building, feeding off the constant frustrations and anxiety. I could destroy myself if I allowed negative emotions to dominate my thinking, and partially from a strong sense of self-preservation, partially from a sense of responsibility to the other men, because I could offer them no solutions if I could find none for myself, I turned to the one positive force our captors could never challenge, God.
I found myself returning to and drawing from that foundation in this situation where I was stripped of all material assets, leaving only the intangibles which form the core of our existence: faith, ethics, morals, beliefs. It had become a test of whatever inner strengths I possessed against the total physical control exercised by my captors. Were I to survive with my spirit intact, I could only turn to faith in the Power I believed to be so far greater than that which imprisoned me. For the first time in my life the words of the Twenty-third Psalm were a source of strength and consolation. From the loss of Dave on, I began to believe: “The Lord is my Shepherd; I shall not want.”
Jim, in deciding to rely on his own resolve, his own inner strength to survive, had found the answer. A man who depended on his own will to live, using whatever our captors provided as an assistance, not a necessity, could surmount the obstacles to survival posed by the environment.
I thought how fortunate I was to have gotten this disease early in captivity, when my body was still strong, and to have learned to accept it. Had I gotten the disease as a new ailment after more than three years as a prisoner, it was doubtful if I could have forced my mind to accept and deal with the pain and the filth. How low I’ve sunk in conditions of living, I thought; or more exactly, conditions of existence, of survival. A sudden drop to this level would be enough to destroy any man’s will to live.
In the hours we spent sitting and talking in the kitchen or the “nha mam,”—the “house of nuoc mam—I remembered an idea I had begun to fashion back in the mangroves as a time-killer and tossed it out for group discussion. It was a plan for a resort, to be built after I got out of the prison camp, and it provided a wonderful topic for all of us to consider. Jimmy was keenly interested, and once his attention turned to the development of the idea, his recovery from the illness became more rapid. He had something he could contemplate and focus his attention on and the mental activity was like a release from our surroundings. John and Dan added their ideas, based on past experience, and the concept grew. It became a composite of all the activities we would want in a resort, all the conveniences and a setting, a perfect location to accentuate what we had created. It was this basic plan that I drew from and expanded to create the “Hacienda del Sol” complete with menus, advertising campaign and staff during the long months that lay ahead of me. It became my vehicle for reaching the outside world, one of the many dreams.
Thoughts after four years Time is infinite and creeps on knees, made stiff with age, so slowly does it crawl; But looking back, the years have flown, each so useless, each a void. Perhaps it is this that makes it so, the painfully slow, yet rapid flight, of many days, none with a face, none with its mark; one like another in long endless procession. What fate is it that holds us so, suspended in this abhorrent void; surrounded close by an alien force, while all around us life flows on. I seek the light that issues forth, from that which I knew and those whom I love; that which now seems like a dream from the past, and forms my greatest hope for the future. With faith and hope, I will survive, determined not to falter, not to die; a promise to myself to stay alive swearing that to oneself, one cannot lie. So, oh infinite time, creep on, creep on; or speed like Mercury, as the wind; for though suspended, imprisoned, bound, my mind reaches out to touch the light. And somewhere in the surrounding dark, the light I seek already glows; perhaps from here ’tis only a glimmer, but at the source, it is sunbright and strong. So span I will the time between, and at time’s end I’ll touch the light; for I have felt the Lord’s strong hand, and with his help, I cannot fail.”
One method I’d discovered to fight the frustration and anxiety was to physically exert myself to the point of near exhaustion by chopping wood, making constructive improvements in and around the kitchen hut, and engaging in any other positive, constructive activity that needed to be done. I made a personal pledge to perform only positive actions and improvements in order to negate the adverse reactions to frustrations. The resulting exhaustion allowed me to drop into periods of deep slumber at night, interrupted only by the itching, irritating lac. In solving one problem, I aggravated another. I wasn’t getting enough calories to support extra activity, and the diarrhea went wild whenever the lower abdominal muscles were strained at all. I was becoming tense and irritable, my temper rising to almost uncontrollable pitch on several occasions. I feared the possibility of total loss of control in the presence of the guards; first, because of the futility of striking out at one of them, and second, because it would give the cadre firm proof that the pressure was, in fact, affecting me and could be exploited to gain what they desired. As long as they were forced to guess about my mental state, they would have to fish for means of influencing me, possibly scrapping an effective method in order to try something new. I had no doubt that over an extended period, they could hit the right combination through trial and error, with their greatest weapon being my inability to remove myself from the tightening vise. Isolation was their key.
A strong voice in my mind was saying, “Screw him! Don’t give him a thing! Take whatever he has to throw at you and if you die trying, you’ll be robbing him of a source. At the same time you’ll be out of this shit.” Another voice said, “Better go ahead and give him what he wants. It’s stupid to put yourself in a worse spot by hard-assing him. Who’ll know if you write out what he wants? Who cares? If you do, it’ll mean you’ll still have a chance to stay alive and go home.” The thoughts clashed and I tried to compromise, realizing I had no intention of dying in this stinking camp. I wasn’t going to give Mafia the line he wanted, but I’d have to give him something to get him off of my back. It would be a matter of ambiguity.
The war was no longer one I could identify. I could rest my belief in the American soldier, but was unable to state conclusively that we, as soldiers, were supported by the American people. The national leaders I served had been compromised for their stand on the war and the policy I supported was being condemned from within the government itself. The outright pessimism expressed in our news media and the continuing news of widespread defeats created a picture of utter hopelessness in our efforts. The cruelest blow was the open support for the Vietcong and their cause that I saw and heard coming from within my country. I refused to believe all of the reports that were given me, but there was no way I could deny the existence of an antiwar, anti-Administration movement that hadn’t existed in 1963. The most frightening thought was that all it would take would be a new Administration to reverse our stand on Vietnam and I would have spent over four years in this stinking prison for nothing. Three men would have starved to death for nothing and Rocky Versace would have chosen death by execution rather than betray a cause that could be suddenly repudiated by people who had never been here, probably would never come, and knew little or nothing about the true nature of the enemy we opposed.
I considered the moral issue involved, questioning the validity of war at all in the perspective of man’s inhumanity to man. There is no moral basis for war. Wars are fought to establish one man’s superiority over another or one people’s dominance over another; more specifically, one government’s superiority over another. War is a function of expediency and policy, not morality. The responsibility of morality must be shared by both sides, and if it is-equally shared, then the basis for conducting the war is eliminated and peace will prevail until the next policy impasse is reached.
Here, the question of morality was raised by those whose goal was world domination. All morality was ignored, except when their code of morality contributed to furthering the cause of revolution. The only answer offered, according to this doctrine was submission to its control, since its followers were pledged to war until their goal had been attained. If I questioned the moral issue in war, which is inherently immoral, then acceptance of their solution was the only means of establishing morality—morality through surrender.
In early January, I noted in my diary: “6/1/68,…Loss of sleep affecting strength, disposition, morale. Now working on mental buck-up before trouble sets in. Can’t fight on multiple fronts—political is enough; add fatigue, strong homesickness, extreme tiredness of POW life plus the chance of health breakdown and the picture is not bright. Tonite the buck-up begins, tomorrow a new day, a new, brighter outlook.”
I turned to prayer when my resources had been exhausted. My relation with my God was such that I’d try until I felt I could go no further or I was in need of special guidance. I didn’t want to call on Him at every turn, and even though I asked for His guidance in all my actions, there were days of special need. Perhaps it was my acceptance of His presence and the predetermined path on which I walked that gave me the greatest comfort. I received comfort when none was indicated by my conditions, none was provided by the material surroundings. The quiet, inner calm which would settle over me was not a function of this earthly environment.
At least they died believing the American people supported the cause for which we were going through this hell; believing that someday their deaths would have gone toward accomplishing something worthwhile, even though they wouldn’t be here to see the realization of our dreams. Perhaps while we were living, the mundane aspects of our daily existence blanked out any higher aspirations, but the approach of death makes a man want to have died for something, not to have squandered his life.
I had never really considered the political aspects of a war in the past, since I, as a member of our military, was bound by the traditional separation of military and political in our system. I had learned and trained in the methods of conducting warfare as the right arm of foreign policy without questioning the political issues involved. Yet here I was forced by my enemy to question the ethics and policies of my own government. I, like the rest of the American POW’s, was ill prepared for the political warfare involved in an ideological struggle.
My philosophy became: “Don’t make a wave unless it is big enough to drown someone.”
Anticipation of pain or irritation is far more devastating than the pain itself.
I noted in my diary, “I find myself leaning toward the chance to go home—even at this late date—definitely creates a mental receptivity which was absent before—the uncertain status (life-death) here—result of increased air strikes, plain rice, illness, etc. is clashing violently in my mind with the chance to once again be free. The mental pressure which has been building over the past 3–4 months is a definite reality and problem—the band around my brain is under strain although locals will never know how close to popping my cork I have been at times—only the firewood, the trees, the fish nets, the animals know—forced myself to repair nets I tore—slow delicate, tedious work—good therapy.”
Listen, my friend, though I know you not we are brothers, for we both are men and as a brother I give this advice: I have entered and I have returned. If enter you must and enter you will, then remember these thoughts: Know who you are and from whence you came; Remember the light and the sun’s cleansing warmth; Mark well the spot at which you entered and mark each spot at which you stop; Remember your Faith and keep it strong; Do not expect to find a path and be prepared to make your own; When it is day you must travel far, but when it is dark, then rest and remember; Conquer the urge to panic and run, for they insure you’ll never return; When daylight comes, then rest not long and quickly seek your way or you, like the leaves will also decay. For night falls early in the forest and darkness blinds you, hides the way.
My position was weakened by the clawing apprehension in the back of my mind that my government would reverse its stand and leave me clinging to a betrayed loyalty and dedication. In the following days I resolved the issue in my mind. My major premise that the will of the Vietnamese people should decide the question of just and unjust cause remained firm. It was their country and self-determination belonged to them. Peace, liberty and independence were their aspirations and the issue became one of how they could best achieve those goals. The Communist-controlled revolution was on one side and the recognized government of South Vietnam on the other. My exposure to the rhetoric of Marx and Lenin while observing the indoctrination of the guards left no doubt about the political allegiance of the Vietcong.
“The world is not interested in the storms you encountered, but did you bring the ship in.”