TLDR - author uses veeerrrrry long sentences and a poorly supported theory as premise for book.
My first DNF of 2019, at 76 pages. I had real trouble with this book. It was difficult to read because the author writes in really long sentences that run to 6-7 or more lines. Even relatively simple sentences made my brain feel like it was suffocating while I read. Eg:
"In those days few imagined a world where the dad in Leave It to Beaver might be burying bodies in the basement or sodomizing the Beaver while Mom might be posing in explicit classified ads to lure victims to their home, or that big brother Wally might be torturing the family cat while masturbating to men's adventure magazines or peeping through the neighbour's window with a knife in hand."
These sentences are so convoluted that I kept losing track of what he was talking about and the whole point. Now, I like long sentences as much as the next word nerd but when they are occurring multiple times on a page it's too much. Plus, sentences of 3-4 lines are also very common. It's not hard to break them up mate and convey your ideas in a way that doesn't seem like it's a train of manic consciousness.
In addition to the writing, the premise gave me pause. I had some issues with the 'facts' (i use quotations as quite a few of them are in dispute) that he used to support his theory about serial killers. His idea is that serial killer is the default state or humans: "In conclusion, we might all be born as serial killers, but most of us are raised and socialized out of it. Serial killers are not made; they are unmade." (p.49) This to me seemed like an over specialised 'nature vs nurture debate', but stating that rather than humans having a 'pure' natural state, it is in fact a violent one. Okay, so I was willing to at least entertain this premise for the sake of the book. However, Vronsky draws on evidence from across many different disciplines to support this theory and herein lies my biggest issue. If you're using facts to support your theory, but the facts are proven to be incorrect, is your theory then disproven? I think so.
As I had an issue with this I began sticking post-its in the book to jot down my thoughts, something I often do with non-fiction books. When I got to my 19th post-it in 30 pages, and put 7 on pages 74-75 alone I decided this was ridiculous. I would really like to discuss this book with a psychologist, psychiatrist and/or a profiler and see what they have to say to Vronsky's 'theory', especially as one of the end notes in the chapter where he explains it states:
"In the name of full disclosure, I acknowledge that not all scientists agree that Homo sapiens deliberately raped and killed off the Neanderthals. nobody in the sciences agrees or disagrees unanimously on anything I cite in this chapter. . . ."
The quote goes on, but he does this a lot - he presents a theory that supports his idea then says, actually this fact is disputed, or psychologists no longer follow this theory. He gives time to Krafft-Ebing, Lombroso, Money and Freud, then says they are discredited. SO WHY USE THEM???!!!!! (Though in fairness he doesn't actually state that most of Freud's theories are no longer used by modern psychologists). I was frustrated in this section, and had my doubts, but i had little expertise in this area. I was tipped off because in spite of the copious end notes and reference section (nearly 50 pages of small print!!) Vronsky doesn't actually explain WHY his theory is correct. I sort of gave him a pass on this, this is not a monograph meant for experts in the field, but for lay readers. It didn't inspire my confidence in his veracity though.
Then the history section started, an area I do have quite a bit of knowledge and a university degree in. Firstly, it is very bad history to assume the motives of historical figures without direct "I did this because . . ." evidence. You can but forward your theory and state what it is about the primary sources that leads you to believe this, but you can't claim someone was a serial killer based on fragmentary and several hundreds of years old documents written even by a contemporary observer. This is basic historical practise. Vronsky isn't an historian, but if he's going to use History, he has to play by History's rules.
What eventually led to my DNF moment was the naming of six historical figures as serial killers: Caligula, Nero, Ivan the Terrible, Vlad Dracul 'The Impaler', Gilles de Rais, and Elizabeth Bathory. Okay, knocking off the emperors first. Vronsky names these two as serial killers due to the outrageous crimes the sources ascribe to them. However, this shows a fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of the Roman sources, the factual nature of many have been questions for many, many years. These are polemics, propaganda, not histories as we know them. For more details, Mary Beard's SPQR is an excellently well-researched, but still highly readable account of the Romans, FROM AN ACTUAL HISTORIAN! Now, Vlad and Ivan. He claims they 'were reported to revel in "hands-on" killings', for no political motives. Much of his argument seems to rely on the public knowledge of these two men - someone called 'the Terrible' and the inspiration for the vampire Dracula, they gotta be evil dudes. Right? Well, Ivan's epithet 'Grozny' is better translated into English as 'the Formiddable'. Many of the worst stories about him are apocryphal and his history is of a man forging a new nation. Killing your enemies, even in a gruesome way IS political, if you're trying to calm dissent and hold a country together. same goes for Vlad. The middle ages were violent, and though Vlad stood out, syaing there was no political motive for his actions shows a misunderstanding of his context. Vlad was ruler of Wallachia, a border state between the Ottomans and the rest of Europe. He was constantly under attack. Infamously he had 20,000 of his own people impaled to create a forest of the dead to deter the Sultan. Any man who can do this to his own people, imagine what he will do to his enemies being the message. And it worked. To say there is no political purpose behind violence like this is to not understand the political purpose.
Finally the last two - Bathory and de Rais. Recent scholarship has placed forward quite convincing evidence that, especially in Bathory's case, the charges were political propaganda put forward by theIr enemies. Something that Vronsky admits (AGAIN!!!!!!!!). This continued to baffle and irritate me. Why use evidence that even you admit may be wrong? It's one thing to say, this is what scientists/historians/researchers believe at the current time, but theories change. It's another to say "Hey, all that stuff I just said, yeah, the specialists don't think that anymore, but it sure supports what I'm saying so I'm gonna leave it in".