Για τον αναρχισμό: Η πάλη με τον μπακουνισμό την περίοδο της Α΄ Διεθνούς

by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Βούλα Λίτσιου (Editor)

«Ανάμεσα στο σοσιαλισμό και στον αναρχισμό υπάρχει ολόκληρη άβυσσος... Η κοσμοθεωρία των αναρχικών είναι η αστική κοσμοθεωρία γυρισμένη από την ανάποδη. Οι ατομικιστικές τους θεωρίες, το ατομικιστικό τους ιδανικό βρίσκονται σε άμεση αντίθεση με το σοσιαλισμό. Οι απόψεις τους δεν εκφράζουν το μέλλον του αστικού καθεστώτος, που βαδίζει με ακατάσχετη δύναμη προς την κοινωνικοποίηση της εργασίας, αλλά το παρόν ή ακόμα και το παρελθόν αυτού του καθεστώτος, την κυριαρχία της τυφλής και τυχαίας σύμπτωσης επάνω στο μεμονωμένο, χωριστό μικροπαραγωγό. Η τακτική τους ανάγεται στην άρνηση του πολιτικού αγώνα, διαιρεί τους προλετάριους και, στην πραγματικότητα, τους μετατρέπει σε παθητικούς συμμέτοχους της μιας ή της άλλης αστικής πολιτικής, γιατί μια πραγματική απομάκρυνση των εργατών από την πολιτική είναι αδύνατη και ακατόρθωτη».
– Β.Ι. Λένιν

ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ

ΚΑΡΛ ΜΑΡΞ - ΦΡΙΝΤΡΙΧ ΕΝΓΚΕΛΣ
ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΝΤΟΚΟΥΜΕΝΤΑ ΠΡΙΝ ΤΟ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΧΑΓΗΣ
Κ. Μαρξ, Έκθεση του Γενικού Συμβουλίου για το κληρονομικό δίκαιο (2-3 Αυγούστου 1869)
Κ. Μαρξ. Εμπιστευτική πληροφόρηση (16 Γενάρη 1870)
Κ. Μαρξ, Επιστολή προς τον Πολ και τη Λάουρα Λαφάργκ στο Παρίσι (Λονδίνο, 19 Απρίλη 1870)
Φ. Ένγκελς, Επιστολή προς τον Κ. Καφιέρο στην Μπαρλέτα (Λονδίνο 1 [3] Ιούλη 1871)
Φ. Ένγκελς, Για την πολιτική δράση της εργατικής τάξης (Ιδιόχειρη σκιαγράφηση της ομιλίας στη Συνδιάσκεψη του Λονδίνου της Διεθνούς Ένωσης Εργατών στις 21.9.1871)
Κ. Μαρξ - Φ. Ένγκελς, Αποφάσεις της Συνδιάσκεψης του Λονδίνου της Διεθνούς Ένωσης Εργατών (17 Οκτώβρη 1871)
IX. Για την πολιτική δράση της εργατικής τάξης
Κ. Μαρξ, [Για την πολιτική δράση της εργατικής τάξης] (Ομιλία στη Συνδιάσκεψη του Λονδίνου της Διεθνούς Ένωσης Εργατών, από τα Πρακτικά της 21 Σεπτέμβρη 1871)
Κ. Μαρξ, Επιστολή στον Φρίντριχ Μπόλτε στη Νέα Υόρκη (Λονδίνο, 23 Νοέμβρη 1871)
Φ. Ένγκελς, Επιστολή προς τον Πολ Λαφάργκ στη Μαδρίτη (Λονδίνο, 30 Δεκέμβρη 1871)
Φ. Ένγκελς, Επιστολή προς τον Κ. Τερτσάγκι στο Τορίνο (Λονδίνο, 14 [15] Γενάρη 1872)
Φ. Ένγκελς, Επιστολή προς τον Τέοντορ Κούνο στο Μιλάνο (Λονδίνο, 24 Γενάρη 1872)
Φ. Ένγκελς, Επιστολή προς τον Λουί Φρανσουά Πίο στην Κοπεγχάγη (Λονδίνο, 7 Μάρτη 1872)
Κ. Μαρξ, [Λόγος για το Συνέδριο της Χάγης] (8 Σεπτέμβρη 1872)
Φ. Ένγκελς, Περί της εξουσίας (1872-1873)

ΚΑΡΑ ΜΑΡΞ - ΦΡΙΝΤΡΙΧ ΕΝΓΚΕΛΣ
Η ΣΥΜΜΑΧΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΣΟΣΙΑΛΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ Η ΔΙΕΘΝΗΣ ΕΝΩΣΗ ΕΡΓΑΤΩΝ (Έκθεση και ντοκουμέντα, που δημοσιεύτηκαν με απόφαση του Συνεδρίου της Διεθνούς στη Χάγη)
"Η ΣΥΜΜΑΧΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΣΟΣΙΑΛΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ Η ΔΙΕΘΝΗΣ ΕΝΩΣΗ ΕΡΓΑΤΩΝ"
Ι. ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ
II. Η ΜΥΣΤΙΚΗ ΣΥΜΜΑΧΙΑ
III. Η ΣΥΜΜΑΧΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΒΕΤΙΑ
IV. Η ΣΥΜΜΑΧΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΙΣΠΑΝΙΑ
V. Η ΣΥΜΜΑΧΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΙΤΑΛΙΑ
VI. Η ΣΥΜΜΑΧΙΑ ΣΤΗ ΓΑΛΛΙΑ
VII. Η ΣΥΜΜΑΧΙΑ ΜΕΤΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΧΑΓΗΣ
VIII. Η ΣΥΜΜΑΧΙΑ ΣΤΗ ΡΩΣΙΑ
1. Η δίκη Νετσάγιεφ
2. Η Κατήχηση του επαναστάτη
3. Το προσκλητήριο του Μπακούνιν προς τους αξιωματικούς του ρωσικού στρατού
IX. ΠΟΡΙΣΜΑ
Χ. ΣΥΜΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ
1. Η Εγίρα του Μπακούνιν
2. Το Πανσλαβιστικό Μανιφέστο του Μπακούνιν
3. Ο Μπακούνιν και ο τσάρος
XI. ΝΤΟΚΟΥΜΕΝΤΑ
1. Οι μυστικοί κανονισμοί της Συμμαχίας
2. Το Πρόγραμμα και το Καταστατικό της Επίσημης Συμμαχίας
3. Επιστολή του Μπακούνιν προς τον Φρανθίσκο Μόρα στη Μαδρίτη

ΚΑΡΛ ΜΑΡΞ - ΦΡΙΝΤΡΙΧ ΕΝΓΚΕΛΣ
ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΝΤΟΚΟΥΜΕΝΤΑ ΜΕΤΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΧΑΓΗΣ
Οι μπακουνικοί επί τω έργω. Μια αφήγηση για την ισπανική εξέγερση το καλοκαίρι του 1873
Κ. Μαρξ, Συνοπτική πραγματεία πάνω στο βιβλίο του Μπακούνιν "Κρατική οργάνωση και αναρχία" (Απόσπασμα)

ΒΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΑ ΣΗΜΕΙΩΜΑΤΑ
ΣΗΜΕΙΩΣΕΙΣ

Genres: Politics, Nonfiction, Philosophy

456 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1972

About the author

With the help of Friedrich Engels, German philosopher and revolutionary Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867-1894), works, which explain historical development in terms of the interaction of contradictory economic forces, form many regimes, and profoundly influenced the social sciences.

German social theorist Friedrich Engels collaborated with Karl Marx on The Communist Manifesto in 1848 and on numerous other works.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakunin in London opposed Communism of Karl Marx with his antithetical anarchy.

Works of Jacques Martin Barzun include Darwin, Marx, Wagner (1941).

The Prussian kingdom introduced a prohibition on Jews, practicing law; in response, a man converted to Protestantism and shortly afterward fathered Karl Marx.

Marx began co-operating with Bruno Bauer on editing Philosophy of Religion of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (see Democritus and Epicurus), doctoral thesis, also engaged Marx, who completed it in 1841. People described the controversial essay as "a daring and original piece... in which Marx set out to show that theology must yield to the superior wisdom." Marx decided to submit his thesis not to the particularly conservative professors at the University of Berlin but instead to the more liberal faculty of University of Jena, which for his contributed key theory awarded his Philosophiae Doctor in April 1841. Marx and Bauer, both atheists, in March 1841 began plans for a journal, entitled Archiv des Atheismus (Atheistic Archives), which never came to fruition.

Marx edited the newspaper Vorwärts! in 1844 in Paris. The urging of the Prussian government from France banished and expelled Marx in absentia; he then studied in Brussels. He joined the league in 1847 and published.

Marx participated the failure of 1848 and afterward eventually wound in London. Marx, a foreigner, corresponded for several publications of United States.
He came in three volumes. Marx organized the International and the social democratic party.

Marx in a letter to C. Schmidt once quipped, "All I know is that I am not a Marxist," as Warren Allen Smith related in Who's Who in Hell .

People describe Marx, who most figured among humans. They typically cite Marx with Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, the principal modern architects.

Bertrand Russell later remarked of non-religious Marx, "His belief that there is a cosmic ... called dialectical materialism, which governs ... independently of human volitions, is mere mythology" ( Portraits from Memory , 1956).

More: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marx/
http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bi...
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/...
http://www.historyguide.org/intellect...
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic...
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/...
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/t...

Reviews

[Ollie · Rating 3 out of 5]

There's a problem with this book from the very beginning that sort of sours the experience, and that's the clear lack of objectivity and bias towards Marxism the editors have. The introduction is more concerned with portraying anarchists as villains and Marx and Engels as heroes and claiming how all their hard work against anarchists treacheries paid off. Even the glossary at the end describing the different individuals involved in these writings is biased: Marxists are described as "outstanding" while anarchists described with less-flattering language. So, it's hard to believe that we are getting a complete collection of these individuals' writings on the subject. Since the authors are making no attempt to hide their bias, we should assume all these writings were cherry picked as ones that reflect Marxism most favorably and anarchism most poorly.

That aside, I did still enjoy certain aspects of the book. While the rivalry between anarchists and Marxists is somewhat well known, it's very useful to get the beef straight from the source. Marx and Engels certainly seem consistent in their distinction with anarchists, which is that although they believe in the same end (a free classless society without a state), they disagree about the means. When a revolution occurs, Marxism stresses the importance of having a dictatorship of the proletariat and that this society will need the state to defend itself from the outside and hold the fort until they've exported revolution elsewhere. Also important is this new society's need to arm itself. The writings of Marx and Engels here deal with these issues and with denouncing Bakunin for doing more harm than good by dividing the International and by ruining the revolutions he's taken part in (like Lyons during the Paris commune and Spain in the 1870s) by stressing a lack of central authority. Marx and Engels claim the revolutions were lost because of this detail of Bakuninism. Of course, Marx and Engels spent more time writing about revolutions than taking part in them.

Lenin's writings on the other hand deal mostly with upholding what Marx and Engels were saying about anarchism (how it 's too leftist) as he quotes and references writings that are actually included in the book. In addition, Lenin spends a good part of his time fighting factions within the Bolshevik party that become too leftist or promote "syndicalism" (sort of a union-based form of Anarchism), not because it's what the people want or makes sense for dealing with current problems in Russia, but strictly because it is un-Marxist (and is therefore "unscientific" -- which is ridiculous to stress when you're dealing with such a soft science) and underwhelms the authority of the Bolshevik party. As with Marx and Engels, Lenin stresses how important authority is to carry a revolution forward.

So, again, these writings are highly informative because they create a better understanding of Marxism and anarchism. Whether it vindicates either is another story.

[Al Capwned · Rating 3 out of 5]

A collection of texts by Marx and Engels, arguments against anarchists. Some of them letters, some of them parts of other works. That partial selection is what makes me think I would prefer to read the whole works.

[D · Rating 5 out of 5]

Anarşistler sorunu tersine koyuyorlar. Onlar, proletarya devrimine, devletin siyasal örgütünün kaldırılmasıyla başlamak gerekir diyorlar. Ancak, proletaryanın yengisinden sonra, yenen işçi sınıfının kullanmak üzere elinin altında hazır bulduğu tek örgüt, asıl bu devlet örgütüdür. Kuşkusuz, bu devlet, yeni görevlerini yüklenebilecek duruma gelmeden önce, birtakım önemli değişiklikler ister. Ama böyle bir anda devleti tümüyle yıkmak, yengin çıkan proletaryanın yardımıyla, henüz kazanmış olduğu iktidarı üstlenebileceği, düşmanları kapitalistleri bastırabileceği ve toplumun ekonomik devrimini gerçekleştirebileceği tek aygıtı yıkmak demektir, ekonomik devrim gerçekleştirilmeden proletaryanın yengisi kaçınılmaz olarak bir bozgunla ve Paris Komününden sonra olduğu gibi işçilerin kitle halinde öldürülmeleriyle sonuçlanır.

[Jay Rothermel · Rating 5 out of 5]

A compelling collection of documents written in the "heat of battle" covering 75 years of the communist movement. Marx, Engels and Lenin polemicize against anarchists and syndicalists in the workers movement.

Anarchism and later Syndicalism had their roots in the more economically poorly developed areas of Europe, where the proletariat was not yet strong enough to put its stamp on events as a political mass movement.

Anarchist and Syndicalist groups were unprincipled and opportunist groups from the petty bourgeoisie. Alas, their backward and alien class influence is with us still.

[Alex Papadopoulos · Rating 5 out of 5]

Great book that explains the problems behind of the anarchy theory.