'Many athletes and coaches believe that mental toughness is something that can be accomplished without mental training. I have had countless coaches tell me they expect their players to be mentally tough, even though they have no real mental-conditioning program to speak of. Regardless of how you define mental toughness, do yourself the favor of figuring out what thoughts help you perform. Then, flush with that knowledge, start improving your ability to maintain those thoughts during training and competition. The 10-MT program will begin helping you once you become accountable for your thoughts and actions and their influence on your results. You choose your success by what you think and what you do.'
There is a reason Steph Curry and LeBron James are so dominant, and an explanation of athleticism alone is inaccurate. There is a reason Jim Loehr managed to coach speed skater Dan Jansen to gold, in a competition which he initially did not like. For every high achieving athlete, there are two essential elements which support that: the physical and the mental. At a certain point, the mental is the factor which distinguishes a world-class athlete and everyone else. This comes across in Kobe's book, 'The Mamba Mentality', in which there is an apparent intricate interplay between his work ethic and self-image, contributing to his success. This is also evident in Tim Gover's 'Relentless'. An easy way to recognise the importance of the mental side is to read about athletes who did not live up to their potential; these case studies demonstrate the inability of physical training being a sufficient condition for success.
One can find a fascinating 2014 New York Times article called 'Olympians Use Imagery As Mental Training', which echoes Selk's teaching. A member of the United States freestyle ski team, Emily Cook, when visualising her competition does so not just with eyes closed but even simulates the movements physically as if she were competing (a video shows this in the article). As she explains, many of the Olympians have the ability to win, but it is nearly always the mental side that trips them up in competition. Visualisation, for her, allows her to imagine all the worst things that could happen and prepare mentally for them. For those interested in Stoicism, this is exactly the purpose of premeditatio malorum.
With the above in mind, Jason Selk's book does what sport psychologists do for Olympic teams. He recognises the equal footing of physical training and mental training. At the time of writing, he was the director of sport psychology for the St Louis Cardinals, and had operated as a mental coach for some of the top athletes in the world: Pro Bowl football players, Hall of Fame coaches, and Olympic gold medalists.
His 10 Minute Toughness Mental Workout is summarised in the Introduction:
'1 The Centering Breath. A fifteen-second deep breath designed to control arousal states.
2. The Performance Statement. A specifically tailored self-statement useful for increasing training and competitive focus.
3. The Personal Highlight Reel. An advanced form of visualization allowing athletes to increase skill refinement and consistency.
4. The Identity Statement. A concrete self-statement proven to enhance self image and performance confidence.
5. The Centering Breath. As in step one, a bioologically established relaxation technique used to increase the potential to perform well under pressure.'
I will expand upon the above:
For the Centering Breath, Selk uses a 6-2-7 method, where one breathes in for 6, holds for 2 and breathes out for 7. This is used to center oneself energetically in an event.
The Performance Statement is a form of self talk. When a person is competing or is in training, an uncontrolled storm of thoughts could arise, but the performance statement is a carefully selected self-talk which allows one to talk to themselves optimally.
The Personal Highlight Reel was one of my favourite parts of Selk's. In this chapter, he gives a 'User's Guide to Visualization', with eight guidelines for practicing. My favourites were: choosing one of the three camera angles, visualising from beginning to end, emotionally feeling the way you want to feel and replaying until you get it right.
The Identity Statement is the critical determinant of most people's long term outcomes. There is a reason that people become inexorably bound up in undesired patterns, and are tethered to the belief that they can never change. And the explanation of why can be (simplistically) reduced to the self-image that they hold of themselves. As Selk writes, 'You can't outperform or underperform yours self-image for long. The self-image will eventually regulate behaviors and outcomes to fall within the range of self-expectation. Essentially, your self-image will governs how successful you will become. If you truly believe in your capacity to triumph, then you will manage to make it happen. Conversely, if your self-image ifs low, you will unfortunately come up short of your potential no matter how hard you try'
I can definitely relate to this. As evidenced in the story about Dan Jansen, the Olympic gold speed skater, Jim Loehr recounts on The Tim Ferris Show that the reason Jansen ended up winning his event was because Loehr had coached him to change his self-image. He literally got Jansen to write on a page 'I love the 1000m [event]'. In truth, he hated it and preferred the shorter distances. But through repeatedly telling himself that he loved it, and physically practicing, he shifted his self-image. In that podcast, Loehr (unintentionally) supports Selk's message, that the power that we have over our mind is so powerful, but that desired change has to be repeatedly enforced - the identity statement is one way to facilitate that. Selk also quotes Maxwell Maltz in this chapter, who wrote a book called 'Psycho-Cybernetics', which is centred on the importance of self-image. Maltz writes, 'Self image is not mental trickery; it is a scientifically proven agent of control. The self-image identifies and motivates the necessary behaviour and connects it to the desired outcome. The key is to create the self-image desired - decide who you want to be and how you want to live - and then continuously tell yourself that you have what it takes to be that person. The self-image will guide and direct actions and behaviors until the self-image becomes the reality.'
Selk's 10-MT is probably the most practical of the books I've read on mental toughness. There are two other parts to the book on goal setting and always having a solution at hand, but I found the first part the most useful. 'Can't Hurt Me' by David Goggins is another great book on mental toughness, whose story presents the best practical testament to the characteristic that I have read. For those interested in the mental side of improving themselves, Selk could be what you are looking for.