Stalin's legacy is most often juxtaposed with Hitler's, a natural comparison given the central roles of Russia and Germany in WWII. Like Hitler, Stalin's name is synonymized with "dictator" and associated with the term "genocide"—and rightly so. Despite this, his life and background are not as well-known as that of his similarly notorious enemy (and one-time ally!). Josef Stalin's impact on the world is as great if not greater than that of Hitler and anyone who seeks a strong grasp of 20th century history and modern global affairs must understand Stalin's motivations, ideologies, and actions. Marrin's book is neither an exhaustive nor academic biography (there are no sources and it's billed as being for "young adults"). Still, if you want a quick read that gives the rundown on who Stalin was and why he's important, this suffices.
Although historical context on the conditions of Tsarist Russia is provided, the book pretty strictly sticks to the timeline of Stalin's life. Marrin profiles the dismal poverty and abuse experienced by Russians under the Romanovs, for generations as serfs tilling land for nobles (the sickle) and, after the Industrial Revolution, working in factories on mass production of goods for capitalist magnates (the hammer). Industrialization represented no improvement for Russian workers—18 hours days were the norm. Women would give birth on the factory floor and be expected to be back to work in two days. They often kept their babies in tow right by their factory machines. The Romanovs were woefully incompetent (see the failed and completely unnecessary Russo-Japanese War) and stupidly repressive (the government massacred over 300 peaceful religious protestors) and unwilling to change course (despite Nicholas II's vast defense spending, Russia's army was so bad in WWI it should not have even been on the field). Lenin and the Bolsheviks seized on all of this to foment revolution. This is the world Stalin was born into.
Poor, abused, wretched, rebellious, (he was expelled from seminary), and gifted, it's not difficult to understand why Stalin was drawn toward the revolutionary works of Marx. In addition to his anti-religious agitation, Stalin became obsessed with Marx's ideas and read voraciously on the subjects of Communism and socialism (this seems common with revolutionaries—Mao Zedong ran a successful bookstore, Ho Chi Minh was a prolific publisher, Lenin was rarely seen without a book, even Hitler was an avid reader). Communism became Stalin's religion—Marx was his Jesus, Lenin his earthly embodiment. Marrin traces Stalin's joining of the Communist Party, linking with Lenin, and his Machiavellian rise to power. Marrin gives a good sense of Stalin as emblematic of the paradoxical nature of the revolutionary, compelled by an abiding sense of injustice yet willing to destroy colleagues by spreading false rumors, instigate bloody riots (in one instance he promised rioters Tsarist troops would not fire on them—he knew they would), engage in armed robbery (most of his "friends" were criminals), and eventually lead armed struggle against the Tsarist regime that resulted in the deaths of millions of Russians (this aside from their myriad WWI casualties).
Marrin traces Stalin's consolidation of power over Russia and the strange sort of "liberation" which this entailed. Land reform, the establishment of Comintern, the Five Year Plan, and these effects of this policies are described. Stalin turned Russia into a superpower, but at the expense of severe political repression and extreme totalitarianism (Mao, a Stalin acolyte, would borrow heavily from Russia's playbook with his own cult of personality and similar policies like the Great Leap Forward). Religious freedom was nonexistent (unsurprising). Marrin does a great job in profiling Stalin's pivotal role in causing WWII. Stalin's Russia sought no less than a complete communist globe, and therefore through Comintern funded and fomented revolution throughout Europe, Germany being one of these countries. In attempting to subvert the Weimar government, German communists formed an alliance with none other than the NSDAP, or Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler (who admired and borrowed heavily from Stalin!). Stalin wasn't planning on the Nazis taking power, however, and while they formed an alliance that lasted even through Germany's invasion of Poland (people forget this was a joint invasion, Russia took the East of Poland) Hitler's ultimate plan was to destroy "Jewish-Marxism" and "racially inferior" Slavs. Somehow, Stalin was shocked when Hitler turned on the USSR. Had he read "Mein Kampf," however, he would have known Hitler made his intention to eventually invade and colonize the Soviet Union clear in the 1920s! Perhaps he thought he was bluffing.
Marrin profiles Russia's alliance with the US and Britain (in which Russia truly did the brunt of the fighting) and Stalin's cruel but ultimately successful leadership. This is someone who did not want Soviet PoWs back (not even his own son!), created a gulag system under which millions toiled, purged his own army officers (even before WWII, which seriously compromised Russia's efficiency in the early stages of the war), and even promised support to the Polish resistance against the Nazis in order to goad them into conflict before purposefully withholding support. His reason? He wanted them killed off, for he thought they would be too difficult to control in a post-WWII Soviet Union. And of course encouraged the wholesale slaughter of Germans once they were subdued (although Germany's reputation was far from pristine, as they participated in wholesale slaughter and rape of Russians throughout WWII as well).
Marrin finishes in outlining Russia's post-WWII machinations which led to the Cold War—Russia's effort to consolidate control over Europe, the establishment of NATO, the oppositional Marshall Plan, the Korean War, Russia's rocky alliance with China, Comintern's global intrigues, and Stalin's continued purging and repression of Russian government officials and civilians. The last few pages briefly cover Stalin's death in 1953, Khrushchev's famous repudiation of Stalin in 1956, and de-Stalinization. There's much more to the story of the Soviet Union, of course (interestingly, this book was published just a year before the Berlin Wall fell), however this is where the part coincident with Stalin's life ends.
Josef Stalin was truly diabolical. While Marrin may be a bit heavy on the normativity, some of the death toll figures are inflated, and a few claims are questionable (social security is inspired by Communism?), most of what's in here can be corroborated elsewhere. Marrin does an adequate job of giving us examples of why the name "Stalin" evokes uneasy sentiments to this day.