This was in my pile of collectibles to price, but I ended up reading the entire thing on my lunch break and then I decided I needed to take it home to think about it more. Fortunately for me it was a former library copy and therefore had lost a lot of value, so it wasn’t that expensive despite being out of print and hard to find. I was curious because I haven't read much Tezuka despite his immense influence on so much of the media I enjoy. My Obaachan insists he was her brother’s childhood friend, which I can’t verify but they were born around the same time and lived in Takarazuka so I choose to believe it. My dad exclusively uses AstroBoy stationary when writing to me as long as I’ve known him. Despite all this personal history I’ve only actually read Dororo and I didn’t even like it that much! Lol.
This story was written in 1949, during the Cold War. Apparently Tezuka saw one single still from the 1927 movie Metropolis and made this book using his imagination sparked by that image. I haven't watched that movie since I was in 6th grade and in my Illuminati phase, and being 12 I struggled to understand a silent movie. It's been so long I can't speak to any similarities or differences in the two works. It’s about an artificially created genderless nonhuman child named Michi who is being pursued by a shadowy organization called the Red Party.
The edition I have includes a disclaimer about the racist cartoon caricatures contained within, and why they chose to present the volume in its entirety without editing. I think this is the best way to approach offensive things or things from a different time that have not aged well– keep it in there and then include an introduction explaining the historical context etc. Not that there’s any excuse for these drawings, but I don’t think any marginalized group is served better by getting a revisionist Roald Dahl treatment, and the general spirit of the book is against the marginalization of those deemed less than human.
The primary antagonists of the story are Duke Red and his Red Party. Duke Red’s goal is to use technocratic methods to gain control over the world– he has been developing robot slaves, he turns out to have been responsible for forming the sunspots that are rapidly heating the earth, and his lab robot slaves are hard at work producing Toron gas, a chemical weapon. They also want to harness Dr. Lawton’s technology and make more artificial Michis, presumably to exploit their powers. Duke Red refers to his robots as his Slaves. The word Robot was only invented in the 1920s from the play Rossum’s Universal Robots, which comes from the Slav root word Robot which means forced labor. So Duke Red is just cutting out the etymological middle man when he refers to his robot workers as his slaves.
I am not quite sure what to make of the Red Party– at first since it’s called the Red Party and it’s the cold war I assumed it’s meant to be anticommunist, but their mission doesn’t really match even the most uncharitable view of communism. Maybe the forced labor portion? But at one point a Detective character explicitly compares Duke Red's robot labor system to the US's history of slavery. Much of the Red Party's mission is about giant technocratic projects which include biological warfare and literally increasing the sun’s radiation. When they talk about developing a new poison gas my first thought is of course the Holocaust, which would be in such recent memory when Tezuka was writing this. So then I’m thinking they’re an allegory for the Nazis, who had all kinds of zany technological schemes (which we of course were happy to use in Operation Paperclip). But then they’re referred to with antisemitic dogwhistles like all the harping on their big noses, and at one point the Detective exclaims “The Red Party is made up of people from every party! It’s a sinister worldwide conspiracy!” 69 which is also giving dogwhistle. It’s incoherent but I guess I’m probably overthinking it, this was made by a 21 year old who was still existing in that time period and I’m perhaps trying too hard to map it neatly onto my own understanding of history when it’s a relatively simple kids manga.
Michi is also a fascinating figure– they are a genderless artificial being created in the image of a beautiful statue. This story is as old as Ovid’s Metamorphosis with the myth of Pygmalion who fell in love with a statue and brought it to life, but is also a concept that’s constantly used in stories about the future. Westworld, Ex Machina, Neon Genesis Evangelion. I guess the story is also a mirror of God creating Adam– creating something in our own image. I love these stories about humans playing God and the slipperiness of trying to distinguish what makes something a “genuine” human. The only other Tezuka work I’ve read is Dororo which explored similar themes about gender and the assemblage of the human body. Michi is more powerful and more beautiful than real people, so people are both afraid of her and want to harness her power for themselves. It all goes back to Kai’s genius anti humanist school project from years ago and part of me wishes I was still in my 2018 bag because I would be going off on this. The poor robot realizing they’re a robot and don’t have parents and were created rather than born, the extent to which the circumstances of your creation impact your status as a human being
There’s an undeniable American, specifically Disney, influence in the drawing style overall. In fact, the radiation causes some animals to become giant and overrun the cities, including a species of mice that are literally giant Mickey Mouses. (scientific name Mikimaus Waltdisneus). I wonder if the copyright violation on the Mickey images is why this book is so difficult to procure. It’s wild to think that Anime/Manga, which is so distinctive in style, originated from this, which is clearly so influenced by Disney. Michi flies around like Superman, which Tezuka acknowledges in the afterword. There is also a character that is literally Sherlock Holmes, like he is named Sherlock Holmes and he’s a detective that smokes a pipe.
The general message about hubris and human technology is always present in any story with a robot revolution. Or any creation going berserk and becoming more powerful than its creators, Frankenstein, basically any colonial subject or slave figure etc. This book is overall a bit incoherent and often silly, but again it’s a kids manga and is some of Tezuka’s very early work. Despite that, it gave me a lot to think about and it’s really fascinating to see where this fits in in the chain of influences from Pygmalion to Neon Genesis Evangelion