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In the Vineyard of the Text: A Commentary to Hugh's Didascalicon
In a work with profound implications for the electronic age, Ivan Illich explores how revolutions in technology affect the way we read and understand text.
Examining the Didascalicon of Hugh of St. Victor, Illich celebrates the culture of the book from the twelfth century to the present. Hugh's work, at once an encyclopedia and guide to the art of reading, reveals a twelfth-century revolution as sweeping as that brought about by the invention of the printing press and equal in magnitude only to the changes of the computer age—the transition from reading as a vocal activity done in the monastery to reading as a predominantly silent activity performed by and for individuals.
Examining the Didascalicon of Hugh of St. Victor, Illich celebrates the culture of the book from the twelfth century to the present. Hugh's work, at once an encyclopedia and guide to the art of reading, reveals a twelfth-century revolution as sweeping as that brought about by the invention of the printing press and equal in magnitude only to the changes of the computer age—the transition from reading as a vocal activity done in the monastery to reading as a predominantly silent activity performed by and for individuals.
162 pages, Paperback
First published August 1, 1991
11 people are currently reading
533 people want to read
About the author
Ivan Illich
108 books446 followersIvan Illich was an Austrian philosopher, Roman Catholic priest and critic of the institutions of contemporary western culture and their effects of the provenance and practice of education, medicine, work, energy use, and economic development.
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Displaying 1 - 22 of 22 reviews
May 9, 2013
As with most Illich books, the footnotes are right there where you need them, are fascinating in their own right — and can be skipped if you're in a hurry. Though why one would be in a hurry to finish such an entertaining look at the history of reading in the pivotal 12th century, I'm not sure. (I thought about trying to read the book out loud, but wasn't sure I could manage the plainchant.)
January 1, 2023
Brilliant, dense but enjoyable, absurdly well-cited history of monastic reading in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Illich, with Agamben, represents my kind of take on medieval studies: pure pleasure.
July 23, 2020
Taught me more about the alphabet than I've learned since the song.
March 14, 2025
cool but also so so dense
April 10, 2024
This essay is so clearly the record of a lifetime of knowledge regarding medieval and monastic culture. Its insights on the alphabet as a technology and how the way people read has changed over time are very interesting and persuasive and I have a whole lot to chew on. I really think Illich is a genius that you kind of have to contend with even when you disagree.
As is typical of the Illich I read, the argument is pea-soup dense and at times a little tricky to follow due to weird word choice or his tendency to bounce off a point very suddenly. And I can't recommend more for the casual reader like me-- ignore these footnotes. There's a whole lot of them, and I'm sure you could pursue lots of lines of research, but my reading experience was much better once I just directed my attention to the main text. I also felt that he spent too much time focused on the pre-"bookish" reading of monastic life, which I'm sure is interesting to some, but felt like well-worn territory for me personally after taking that annoying Catholic lit class.
I wish I had a critical edition or something that explored more how in the digital age our approach to reading has changed even more, Illich hints at this new shift but doesn't pretend to analyze it.
As is typical of the Illich I read, the argument is pea-soup dense and at times a little tricky to follow due to weird word choice or his tendency to bounce off a point very suddenly. And I can't recommend more for the casual reader like me-- ignore these footnotes. There's a whole lot of them, and I'm sure you could pursue lots of lines of research, but my reading experience was much better once I just directed my attention to the main text. I also felt that he spent too much time focused on the pre-"bookish" reading of monastic life, which I'm sure is interesting to some, but felt like well-worn territory for me personally after taking that annoying Catholic lit class.
I wish I had a critical edition or something that explored more how in the digital age our approach to reading has changed even more, Illich hints at this new shift but doesn't pretend to analyze it.
January 20, 2025
Letto il: 20/01/2025
Lingua: Italiano
Commento:
Un testo breve ma molto interessante riguardo alle pratiche di lettura del XII secolo, periodo della prima rivoluzione della lettura. L'approfondimento sulla figura di Ugo di San Vittore mostra perfettamente le dinamiche dei cambiamenti in atto.
Grazie a questo libro ho anche avuto l'opportunità di riflettere sul modo in cui approccio i testi. Davvero una lettura illuminante.
Lingua: Italiano
Commento:
Un testo breve ma molto interessante riguardo alle pratiche di lettura del XII secolo, periodo della prima rivoluzione della lettura. L'approfondimento sulla figura di Ugo di San Vittore mostra perfettamente le dinamiche dei cambiamenti in atto.
Grazie a questo libro ho anche avuto l'opportunità di riflettere sul modo in cui approccio i testi. Davvero una lettura illuminante.
May 1, 2019
In the Vineyard of the Text is my 11th book in my attempt to read my way through James Mustich's 1,000 Books to Read Before You Die book, and in it, I found a great quote from Hugh's Didascalicon that perfectly sums up my plan to read all these books:
" The wise student, therefore, gladly hears all, reads all, and looks down upon no writing, no person, no teaching. From all indifferently he seeks what he sees he lacks, and he considers not how much he knows, but of how much he is ignorant."
There are so many blindspots not only in what I read, but what I know about the world, and from the very first book, this quest of sorts has been rewarding. Would I have ever read a book with a title like In the Vineyard of the Text without this list? Almost certainly not.
Even in Mustich's description of In the Vineyard of the Text, he describes the Didascalicon as an obscure 12th century text. But what Ivan Illich is really doing with this commentary is tracking the history of reading, from a practice only for the religiously affiliated to a portable option that could be read by anyone. Illich presents ideas I had never even thought about when it comes to reading, such as that it took centuries for people to realize they could read silently, as opposed to reading out loud, or just how long it took people to discover the ease of alphabetical organization. The history of reading itself is far more intricate and menial in its evolution than I would've expected.
My major problem with In the Vineyard of the Text is more of a structural issue than any problem with the book. Almost every page of Illich's book is packed with massive footnotes. In many cases, the footnotes take up more of the page than Illich's actual writing. This bothered me throughout the book for two reasons. First, much of the detail in these footnotes could've easily been part of the actual text. Many of these footnotes are integral to the story Illich is telling, and I'm not sure why he doesn't allow the footnotes just to reference what books he's mentioning, rather than putting fascinating details into them that should've been part of his commentary. Secondly, going back and forth from text to footnote can be unwieldy, and they are so consistently present that it's easy to lose the rhythm that the book has going for it. Every time I went to a footnote, I felt like I was losing my place and had to get my bearings with the book once more.
I finished In the Vineyard of the Text in one day, and while that might be because it's a relatively short read, I also found Illich's history of reading quite compelling. I wish he had integrated the material from his footnotes in a cleaner way that didn't disrupt the story so consistently, but the story he does tell is surprising and unknown to me before now.
" The wise student, therefore, gladly hears all, reads all, and looks down upon no writing, no person, no teaching. From all indifferently he seeks what he sees he lacks, and he considers not how much he knows, but of how much he is ignorant."
There are so many blindspots not only in what I read, but what I know about the world, and from the very first book, this quest of sorts has been rewarding. Would I have ever read a book with a title like In the Vineyard of the Text without this list? Almost certainly not.
Even in Mustich's description of In the Vineyard of the Text, he describes the Didascalicon as an obscure 12th century text. But what Ivan Illich is really doing with this commentary is tracking the history of reading, from a practice only for the religiously affiliated to a portable option that could be read by anyone. Illich presents ideas I had never even thought about when it comes to reading, such as that it took centuries for people to realize they could read silently, as opposed to reading out loud, or just how long it took people to discover the ease of alphabetical organization. The history of reading itself is far more intricate and menial in its evolution than I would've expected.
My major problem with In the Vineyard of the Text is more of a structural issue than any problem with the book. Almost every page of Illich's book is packed with massive footnotes. In many cases, the footnotes take up more of the page than Illich's actual writing. This bothered me throughout the book for two reasons. First, much of the detail in these footnotes could've easily been part of the actual text. Many of these footnotes are integral to the story Illich is telling, and I'm not sure why he doesn't allow the footnotes just to reference what books he's mentioning, rather than putting fascinating details into them that should've been part of his commentary. Secondly, going back and forth from text to footnote can be unwieldy, and they are so consistently present that it's easy to lose the rhythm that the book has going for it. Every time I went to a footnote, I felt like I was losing my place and had to get my bearings with the book once more.
I finished In the Vineyard of the Text in one day, and while that might be because it's a relatively short read, I also found Illich's history of reading quite compelling. I wish he had integrated the material from his footnotes in a cleaner way that didn't disrupt the story so consistently, but the story he does tell is surprising and unknown to me before now.
December 15, 2017
A pivotal point in the history of literacy
Ivan Illich is always insightful and controversial...but not necessarily in that order. I was assigned this book many years ago in a Medieval Studies course with Paul Edward Dutton and I never gave it the appreciation it deserved until much later.
Illich's thesis is that Hugh represents a watershed moment in western literary where we move from external processors of written material to internal digestors of it. This is closely linked to Hugh of St Victor's more spiritual Platonism, "What Hugh doesn when he 'reads' cannot be understood without recognizing the place at which he stands in the history of both arts. He recovers the antique art of the rhetor and teaches it as a reading skill to monastic mumblers." (p.42)
Hugh is writing, and Illich is trying to recapture, at a time when literacy was far from the universal key to education that it is today. The written word held a certain mystical and metaphysical aspect which became lost in the mass production of reading material and the commercialization of reading and education (what he calls variably Scholastic and bookish reading).
Illich brings his wide knowledge to task on the subject and one cannot help but think that his romantic notion (as opposed to utilitarian) of reading found resonance in the milieu of 1960s rural Mexico. The page is litered or decorated (depending on your like or dislike of the use of illustrative quotes) with quotations from nearly everyone and everywhere. Footnotes, always a pleasure, frequently occupy more than half of the page and the bibliography runs an astounding 30 pages.
Best to be drunk like wine, slowly.
Ivan Illich is always insightful and controversial...but not necessarily in that order. I was assigned this book many years ago in a Medieval Studies course with Paul Edward Dutton and I never gave it the appreciation it deserved until much later.
Illich's thesis is that Hugh represents a watershed moment in western literary where we move from external processors of written material to internal digestors of it. This is closely linked to Hugh of St Victor's more spiritual Platonism, "What Hugh doesn when he 'reads' cannot be understood without recognizing the place at which he stands in the history of both arts. He recovers the antique art of the rhetor and teaches it as a reading skill to monastic mumblers." (p.42)
Hugh is writing, and Illich is trying to recapture, at a time when literacy was far from the universal key to education that it is today. The written word held a certain mystical and metaphysical aspect which became lost in the mass production of reading material and the commercialization of reading and education (what he calls variably Scholastic and bookish reading).
Illich brings his wide knowledge to task on the subject and one cannot help but think that his romantic notion (as opposed to utilitarian) of reading found resonance in the milieu of 1960s rural Mexico. The page is litered or decorated (depending on your like or dislike of the use of illustrative quotes) with quotations from nearly everyone and everywhere. Footnotes, always a pleasure, frequently occupy more than half of the page and the bibliography runs an astounding 30 pages.
Best to be drunk like wine, slowly.
April 28, 2025
This short collection of lectures is a delight, and not simply because Hugh of St Victor remains such an intriguing thinker. The initial lectures describe Hugh's theological vision of the book as a path for "pilgrims of the pen" which leads to Wisdom. Hugh believed all people are ultimately called to this path and laid down principles of readership, which he took to be participation in the divine remediation of the cosmos through the incarnation of the Word in the reader. However fascinating these early chapters are, Hugh's personal presence in the book wanes as Illich waxes in his primary thesis: that a revolution took place in the 12th century that changed the way we have read, written, and thought, up to the horizon of the digital age. Modes of thought and technology converge and revise one another; so Illich (writing in 1993) looks ahead with curiosity and some trepidation to the way the screen is working a similar revolution in our relationship with the text. This book, down to the copious footnotes, is well worth the read.
February 19, 2023
Is reading anything more than the mere communication of information? Part exegesis on the writings of Hugh of St. Victor, part historical account of the transition from the monastic to scholastic era of education through the 12th and 13th century, and part manifesto on the spirituality of reading, 'In the Vineyard of the Text' is a unique work that provides an insightful understanding of the world in which the 'bookish text' came into existence, and what it may tell us about the nature of reading in our own post-bookish world of today.
Illich's guide through the early medieval world, Hugh of St. Victor, is a man at the pinnacle of an epoch in which all of creation is a book, and every man-made book is a garden of words and illustrations, covered in gold and gems, and is read aloud and almost always within a liturgical or monastic environment. For Hugh, reading is the personal search for divine Wisdom, and the reader's interior journey through this wisdom is the pilgrimage that takes him, with the aid of the virtues and the grace of God, to his own perfection. A student of St. Augustine, who famously said that God wrote two books - the Book of Nature and the Book of Redemption, Hugh knows that all of creation is impregnated with meaning, and therefore reading is the very life of the Christian monk, by it he encounters meaning and comes to discern the great mysteries and gifts of God. The idea that reading as an activity is something that can be done for the sole purpose of accumulating knowledge and information, outside of any spiritual or transcendent aim, is an affront to Hugh and something he starkly warns against. Reading is never an act of abstraction for Hugh, it is an act of Incarnation, leading one towards He who is both "the Word made flesh" and who reveals the Book of Life.
Illich's guide through the early medieval world, Hugh of St. Victor, is a man at the pinnacle of an epoch in which all of creation is a book, and every man-made book is a garden of words and illustrations, covered in gold and gems, and is read aloud and almost always within a liturgical or monastic environment. For Hugh, reading is the personal search for divine Wisdom, and the reader's interior journey through this wisdom is the pilgrimage that takes him, with the aid of the virtues and the grace of God, to his own perfection. A student of St. Augustine, who famously said that God wrote two books - the Book of Nature and the Book of Redemption, Hugh knows that all of creation is impregnated with meaning, and therefore reading is the very life of the Christian monk, by it he encounters meaning and comes to discern the great mysteries and gifts of God. The idea that reading as an activity is something that can be done for the sole purpose of accumulating knowledge and information, outside of any spiritual or transcendent aim, is an affront to Hugh and something he starkly warns against. Reading is never an act of abstraction for Hugh, it is an act of Incarnation, leading one towards He who is both "the Word made flesh" and who reveals the Book of Life.
June 15, 2021
"The duty to read -
There are many persons whose nature has left them so poor in ability that they can hardly grasp with their intellect even easy things and of these persons I believe there are two sorts. There are those who, while they are not unaware of their own dullness, nonetheless struggle after knowledge with all the effort they can put forth and who, by tirelessly keeping up their pursuit, deserve to obtain as a result of their will power what they by no means could possess as a result of their work. Others, however, because they know that they are in no way able to encompass the highest things neglect even the least and, as it were, carelessly at home in their sluggishness, they all the more lose the light of truth in the greatest matters by their refusal to learn those smallest of which they are capable."
- Hugh of St. Victor, The Didascalicon, from the preface, p.43.
At once medieval in its sources and modern in its message, this commentary is both one of the text and of reading culture in the modern era. With Hugh as muse and guide, Illich documents the lessons books have taught us before the pages of history are transformed to computer disks.
There are many persons whose nature has left them so poor in ability that they can hardly grasp with their intellect even easy things and of these persons I believe there are two sorts. There are those who, while they are not unaware of their own dullness, nonetheless struggle after knowledge with all the effort they can put forth and who, by tirelessly keeping up their pursuit, deserve to obtain as a result of their will power what they by no means could possess as a result of their work. Others, however, because they know that they are in no way able to encompass the highest things neglect even the least and, as it were, carelessly at home in their sluggishness, they all the more lose the light of truth in the greatest matters by their refusal to learn those smallest of which they are capable."
- Hugh of St. Victor, The Didascalicon, from the preface, p.43.
At once medieval in its sources and modern in its message, this commentary is both one of the text and of reading culture in the modern era. With Hugh as muse and guide, Illich documents the lessons books have taught us before the pages of history are transformed to computer disks.
November 16, 2021
It was a very interesting and helpful book that informed my understanding as I researched for my NSA grad class final paper. However, there were definitely times where I wondered if we'd read the same book. It didn't always seem connected to Didascalicon.
November 2, 2022
One of my favorite authors, highly recommended. According to Hugh of St. Victor memory training was the pre-condition to reading. One uses the memory arts not merely to order his mind to the truth of things but to order his soul towards Wisdom.
August 3, 2018
Hermoso libro para lxs que nos dedicamos a la lectura y el estudio.
December 28, 2021
El mejor libro que he leído.
Un imperdible para cualquier persona interesada en educación o literatura.
Un imperdible para cualquier persona interesada en educación o literatura.
June 18, 2024
I can't believe that many would enjoy this, but it was written for me, at this time, and I was enthralled. I learned a lot from Hugh, and from Illich for bringing this forth. But why did he? Who is his audience??!! Anyway, it's a thematic book for me, a springboard for ideas and I had many about my own work as a whole. Especially the Mental Palace, and using Noah's Ark as the palace. I knew of mental palaces, but had not thought on them in regard to the drama. A clear linkage. And yet, it's just an essay, so cannot be "great". I don't care and give it 4 stars.
PS. Big thanks to J Mustich for the rec.
PS. Big thanks to J Mustich for the rec.
March 4, 2023
Riscoprire la lettura come pratica spirituale prendendo a modello il Didascalicon de studio legendi di Ugo di San Vittore. Ivan Illich ci riesce emozionandosi ed emozionandoci, indagando un modo di leggere i testi che già stava scomparendo nel XII secolo, all’epoca di Ugo. Eppure, quella comunità di borbottanti che fu la scuola di San Vittore leggeva, esercitando la memoria e la voce, e faceva di ogni esperienza di lettura la presa in custodia di un tesoro unico e inestimabile. Un saggio scientifico che commuove, ma non saltate le note a piè di pagina: sono le ciliegine su questa meravigliosa torta multistrato.
November 20, 2015
Amazing book...I read the Didascalicon first but now want to read it again. This book gives you an essential background to understand the context and true meaning of what Hugh wrote.
Intellectually challenging, but ultimately very rewarding.
Intellectually challenging, but ultimately very rewarding.
October 15, 2008
This was a fascinating look at how the written word changed in the 12th century. It went from a "circle of mumblers" (monks) to a textual world, which we are not fully inhabiting.
July 4, 2012
I continue to go back to this book to ponder the issues that Illich raises. Thanks to Illich, I have even read Hugh's Didascalion!
January 9, 2013
Excellent piece. Illich has had a profound effect on my philosophy of life. He was a prophet.
April 5, 2017
This is a beautiful and careful book. I have re-read many parts. I would never like to finish it.
Displaying 1 - 22 of 22 reviews