A novel by the Nicaraguan author Giaconda Belli, one of whose poetry books I read earlier this month, Waslala is a near-future science fiction story with elements of fantasy, or perhaps magical realism. The novel is set in a tropical rain forest in a place called Faguas, primitive and abandoned by the developed world (which has shut itself off from the poorer countries by a wall -- as with many near-future science fiction stories, not only is much of the futuristic technology already now commonplace, but also unfortunately many of the dystopian elements). The premise is the search for a lost utopian colony called Waslala. One of the central characters, the first we meet, is Melisandra, whose grandfather Don José was a founder of the colony but was unable to find it after leaving to get his wife, and whose parents were lost when she was three trying to find it again. Not only is the colony lost, but the valley in which it was located has also disappeared entirely; one theory that her grandfather has proposed is that it was inadvertently built on some sort of fissure in space-time. The idea of Waslala has become a myth to the people in the region, a hope for salvation from the poverty and violence of their daily lives. Now in her early twenties, Melisandra has decided that the time has come for her to search for Waslala and perhaps find her parents. A little later in the first part (the book is divided into parts, subdivided by short chapters) we meet a journalist named Raphael (as Don José notes, the name of the discoverer of Utopia in More's novel) from the developed world who is apparently also trying to find Waslala, although we learn very soon that this is a cover for investigating the trade in filina, a hybrid of marijuana and cocaine. To complete the set-up, we learn that the region is subject to endemic warfare, originally between political groups, which has degenerated into a self-perpetuating struggle for survival between the remnants. The official government has no real presence, and the main power is a gang of drug lords led by the Espada brothers (espada = sword, obviously symbolic).
Rafael proposes that Melisandra go with him as a "guide" to search for Waslala, and they set out up the river into the interior of the country. Of course, they soon become lovers. The next two parts are devoted to the trip upriver and their stay in the city of Cineria (again symbolism, "cineres" is Latin for ashes; compare also the English "cinders" and "Cinderella"), where we meet Engracia, who is engaged in the lucrative but dangerous enterprise of sorting out and burning or burying trash from the developed world and is the major opponent of Los Espada. This subplot reminded me very strongly of two more recent books by Asian authors, the fantasy Familiar Things by Hwang Sok-yong and even more the science-fiction novel Waste Tide by Chen Qiu-fen. The majority of the book is dominated by the struggle between Engracia and Los Espada. Finally, Melisandra and Raphael set off again to find Waslala and there are unexpected revelations.
According to Wikipedia (not always a trustworthy source) Belli was a guerilla with the Frente Sandinista and after the Revolution became the FSLN's international press liaison in 1982 and the director of State Communications in 1984; she was later one of the founders of the Sandinista Renewal movement, which attempted to return to the original ideas of the Sandinistas after the FSLN abandoned them during the presidency of Daniel Ortega. (Her autobiography is one of the next books on my reading list.) The novel was begun in 1990, shortly after the defeat of the Revolution. I think the book was a way of coming to terms with that failure. Waslala in a sense represents the socialist society which the Sandinistas tried to achieve, which has been "lost" but remains in the memories of the people as an inspiration to new generations of activists, as a "memorial of the future". This is not to say that the novel is in any way an allegory, or that the history of Waslala is similar to that of the Sandinista Revolution; the plot is imaginary and follows its own logic as a story