I'd forgotten how enjoyable travel writing can be. I knew practically nothing about Chile before reading this, and since a family member will be moving there and I plan to visit, this was a wonderful introduction to the country.
The author planned to travel from the top of Chile and move down the country on the Panamerican Highway, mostly via Jeeps, buses,and hitchhiking until two thirds of the way down, when the Highway ends and she jumped around a bit. Chile is divided into 13 zones, top to bottom, and it is fascinating to read about how different they all are - it is a VERY long thin country. She decides to skip Easter Island, as she feels it's more Polynesian than Chilean, but she does fly to the Chilean part of Antarctica.
What amazed, and puzzled me, was her total confidence in traveling solo - a 30 year old woman with very few contacts in the country. Her time in Chile was 6 months. The book was written in 1994, but I'm not sure it was any safer for a single woman to travel then than it is now. I also wondered about how many changes have happened over the last 30 years - the book may be incredibly dated, but the basic geography, the history, and the topography is still valid and a wonderful introduction to Chile.
Chile: Geography (starts in desert, Andes all the way to Antartica, 2000 volcanoes, only one of three places in world where 3 plates come together....etc), history (sections about America trying to influence developing countries politics, etc), weather, food, people, etc etc. So many interesting things to learn about the country. This was my introduction, and I plan to soon follow up with other books such as My Invented Country by Isabelle Allende, travel guides such as Eyewitness...
(I'm happy to rate this a 5, since that might bring up recommendations of similar travel books that I really like. Is it on a par with my other 5 stars? Hard to compare, different genre.)
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Random notes (always rough form!):
-Chapter 1 - she flies into Santiago and spends a few days there before heading north to the border with Peru and the start of her planned journey in the Atacama desert.
-15 the border town of Arica was overlooked by a cliff, where Chilean troops defeated the Peruvians in the war of the Pacific in 1880. They were fighting basically over the nitrates and guano-rich territories to the south, which at that time belonged to Peru and Bolivia, both of which share a border with Chile. During a particularly tense period In the triangular relationship, Peru had entered into a secret alliance with Bolivia, effectively ganging up on Chile, and then, when it was exposed, Chile declared war on both of them. In the treaties and agreements which followed, Chilean territory was enlarged by 1/3. The nitrates of the Atacama desert were to shape the country's Socio-economic development, realign the class structure, etc. and create an export dependent economy. Bolivia and Peru sorely resented their loss, and still do. More on this on page 24. Traffic over the Andes was Bolivian, as virtually all Road traffic over that section of the Andes carries freight from landlocked Bolivia
-23 there are 2000 volcanos, about 50 active ones
-41 the road through Colchane, Bolivia to Chile, is called the cocaine route
-44 nitrate industry in the north; govt depended on its revenue, collapsed when Germans succeeded in making synthetic nitrates during First World War
- 47 Iquique in Aymara means rest and tranquility - good name for house
-52 fruit cherimoya a warty, olive green rind, a pulpy white flesh, and glossy black pips, it is a member of the custard, apple family, and I believe is properly called a Jamaica apple in English, tastes like pears and honey - she really likes it
-55 history of beginning of Chile and Santiago - Spanish, 1540s
-58 large copper mine CHUQURICAMATA, large scale exploitation began in the 19 century, mainly funded by foreign capital, and although it was temporarily overshadowed by nitrates, later it regained its preeminence as the countries main export. Up until the mid-1970s it accounted for between 70 to 80% of the value of Chilean exports and by 1991 had settled to about 40%. Dependence on the international copper price has been an almost permanent cause of national pain. More importantly, years of US ownership, through subsidiaries of too powerful companies has meant this fastest national resource has been subordinated to the interests of another country. Finally, it was nationalized by Allende after 1964. But Pinochet did not privatize the industry, but stipulated 10% of all copper sales were to be handed over to the military to finance the procurement of weapons.
-63 Pisco is a town, a bird, a drink
-67 visits Vedric commune
-71 observatory Tololo, biggest telescope in southern hemisphere
-76 papaya everywhere
-80 listening to him speak of the pain caused by a disappearance, perhaps the acutest pain of all, was like flossing with barbed wire - what a good image
-82 not eating the raw clams was too much for her constitutionally, low reserves of restraint
-82 listening to Pepe discusse the colorless numerical toponyms invented by bureaucrats when Chile was divided into 14 regions in 1977
-90 her opinion of Isabel Allende, overblown writing
-91 famous poet Pablo Neruda
-90. chap 5, good overview of politics of 20th century, Allende’s elected, too socialistic for some, US (Nixon, Kissinger) worries about Cold War, we want democracy there, not socialism, US undermines Allende, uprising, 1973 Allende dies in office (how?) Pinochet starts rule of extremist conservatism
-Monada is Presidential residence where he died etc
-111 ch 6 - Juan Fernandez islands - Robinson Crusoe, Defoe based it on this island and its history
-111 ch 6 - Juan Fernandez islands - he was Spanish priest and navigator who arrived between 1563 and 1574, tho Spain didn’t take possession for almost 200 years - Robinson Crusoe, Defoe based it on this island and its history Alexander Selkirk, Scot who was rowed ashore in 1704 lived there alone for 4 years
-fur seals (over hunted)
-121 langosta fishing (also called spiny lobster, rock lobster, marine crayfish)
-136 Sir Francis Drake, considered in Britain as a hero, whereas in reality his conduct up and down the Chilean and Peruvian coasts was so Barbaric that his name entered the language as a synonym for terror and destruction
-136 Valparaiso - Chile's second city, a port two hours from Santiago
-138 houses jammed together in aleatory confusion
-139 Chileans think that Argentina stole most of Patagonia, in reality, a treaty was signed in 1878
-ch 7 political Vivaria de la Solidaidaf to help the persecuted. Big issue today (when book written 30 years ago) - forgive the violence and perpetrators in Pinochet’s regime?! Tear country apart
-145 visits wealthy homes of colonial overseers
-ch 8 p 151
-157 going to Concepcion, city that’s the start of south proper - on BioBio river, symbolic river, boundary of Spanish territory for generations, southern Indians the Mapuche fought back, later mistreated
-159 independence from Spain. Napoleon's invasion of the Iberian Peninsula in 1807 and his usurpation of the Spanish throne precipitated a heavy rush towards independence in the south American colonies. The first junta was formed in Santiago in 1810 - but rivalries kept much from happening for seven years. The real liberator of Chile, warmly supported by O’Higgins (the first riuler of independent Chile), was the Argentinian general, Jose de San Martin, who won 1817 led his famous army of the Andes over the mountain passes to defeat the royalist army, at Chacabuco and subsequently in April 1818 to set the seal on Chilean independence at Maipu.
--Independence didn’t make much difference to most Chileans, or to the country at large, except for the opening of the ports. The social structure remained unchanged, as did the Hacienda system. O'Higgins (first ruler of independent Chile) sought to institute reforms, but with no great success. The instigators of freedom were irreconcilable and the chaotic period of government changes, and even Civil War ensued
-162 Arturo Prat part of War of the Pacific, naval officer, didn’t do much of significance killed at port Tal ahuana, but glorified into becoming a hero
-163 coal coast. South of BioBio
-164 coal towns grimmer than copper communities further north. 162 Arturo Prat part of War of the Pacific, naval officer, didn’t do much of significance killed at port Tal ahuana, but glorified into becoming a hero
-183 the Lake District is the most popular holiday destination in the country, and Chileans speak of it as their most beautiful asset. It was certainly beautiful, replete with volcanoes, Greenfield and the amaranthine loveliness of the evergreen forest. There were some resorts.
-191 island of chiloe the large island of Chiloe to the south of Puerto Montt occupies a special place in the Chilean imagination, one of the few locations in the country, familiar to Northerners and Southerners alike. Unlike Easter island, and Juan Fernandez, Sheila was near the mainland and cheap to visit, and it is also in possession of a colorful, and idiosyncratic mythology and vestiges of a rich traditional culture.
-195 Puerto Montt pan-American ceases to apply to the highway. Pinochet‘s dream Road the Carretera Astral, took up the baton at Puerto Montt and went South. The roads were symbols of a more general transformation. From the northern borders of Chile almost 2000 miles away or you can travel easily right now down to Puerto Montt You could drive the whole way if he wanted in a straight line. But at Puerto Montt. The plug comes out until the south of the country hardens into a continental ice cap and crumbles into an archipelago. Few people live down there and fewer visit.
-206 the base was just outside Punta Arenas so I took a commercial flight down there from Puerto Montt. It meant I was spoiling my plan of a nice logical journey from top to bottom as I was now going straight to the southernmost point of the mainland jumping a third of the country. People from Magellanes, the 12th and southernmost region of Chile, promote the theory that the country was first discovered by Europeans in the south, when Magellan appeared in 1520.
-206 Punta Arenas, last century, many Europeans, fancy homes streetlights etc
-208 in 1914. The panama canal opened and ships didn’t have to sail all the way around the continent anymore and the docks at faded glory, old mansions Punta arenas went quiet. People didn’t know what to do about it. Between the wars, a large number of British families left. But the Croats proliferated.
-210 by the 1970s, factions within church and within the state were great. Fear of communism and Marxism
-flew on Air Force Plane to largest z Chilean base in Antarctic Teniente Rodolfo Marsh (I think)
--220 the children’s behaved very confidently down there. Usually they were shy in international situations. But they were near Home than anyone else on King George, but are equipped, and they were more of them, so it was natural that they should feel confident. They were very conscious to that what they were doing was important for Chile
-223 in 1918, Chile made formal declarations to the international community in 1940 in order to assert its territorial rights in Antarctica, and it was one of the original signature signatories of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty, ratified by 12 nations in 1961. The treaty, which recognizes that Antarctica shall continue forever to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes, remains the core of international antarctic politics. Besides legislating for environmental protection, and the exchange of scientific data between contracting parties, it’s stipulated that nominal territorial claims may be asserted, or existing claims enlarged.
-when visiting Antarctica, she is driven to several other countries bases, most very small. The seventh continent.
-228 when God created the world, he had a handful of everything left - mountains, deserts, legs, glaciers – and he put it in his pocket. But there was a hole in his pocket, you see, and as God walked across heaven it all trickled out, and the long trail it made on earth was Chile . Quoted from drunk to author, Isla Navarino, 1992
-228 Chapter 12, all about the southern islands . I wish there had been a map included that showed this area in more detail, or that was easier to read than the map that is in the book. I downloaded one and was fascinated by all the different islands and how their ownership was, randomly, some Chilean and some Argentinian. Fort William, situated on Navartan Island (directly under Argentina), just to keep an eye on Argentina.
-History of Magellan and later Darwin (Darwin's condescending view of natives there, 234).
-231 Dawson Island, where the surviving ministers of Allende government were dumped after the revolution in 1973.
-239 good book by Lucas Bridges about South America, The Uttermost Part of the Earth
-245 talking with German seaman, thank you didn't Chile help Britain at your bases? re: Falklands War of 1982 (still not discussed, officially Chile was neutral
-went on boat carrying passenger ship corpse to Cape Horn so it could be sailed home, rough waters
-245 Two more islands appeared out of the mist, the last visible remnants of the longest mountain range on earth - 4300 miles from the Caribbean down to the Horn, and it doesn't stop there, it just goes underwater !!
--251 she spent six months in Chile
-252 Torres del Paine, huge park of parks, guanacos, rheas and the huge Torres
--248 Chap 13 sailing north backtracking down
-266 the 11th region is a mass of violently disparate climates, reflecting a violently disparate geography. It was very disorienting
-267 her 31st birthday
-269 Chapter 14
-272 our road, the only one going north, was devoid of cars and of any sign of human life; it was a concept, that career terror, Austra, not a road. It was a dream made real, linking 2/3 of a tamed country with its lost town, and bringing communication to an unimaginably beautiful hinterland. It was a part of Chile that touched my soul. As I sat in the back of the pick up, I grappled with a notion that Pinochet was responsible for opening it up. He was still so present until. I had come expecting a black and white country. For anyone exposed to the western media, Pinochet was a symbol of evil, and opposition to his regime had become identified with the noble battle of right and wrong, oppressed against oppressor. But from my first week in the country, I had met all kinds of Chileans, not only rich ones, who regretted Pinochet's demise, and had no trouble at all, and consigning the unsafe facts to oblivion, and telling me that he had been good for the country, and for them.
--274 even when the nation voted against him in the plebiscite of October 1988, and found he had insured that the new president wouldn’t be elected for 14 months and wouldn’t take office for three more after that. He had set things up so that whatever happened he would retain at least some power.
-278 Cuba libre
-279 one of only three places in the world where three plates meet
-284 train
-289 ch 15 back to Santiago
-298 air pollution bad - congestion and pollution stand at record levels
-301 earthquakes