Hard to believe this was written by H.G. Wells, the sci-fi author. I enjoyed this novel so much more than his sci-fi works.
A humble, likable woman named Ellen lives in England with her uptight, unloving, wealthy husband, Isaac. A widower named Mr. Brumley falls in love with Ellen, but she seems to have no love for anyone (78, 183). She stays with her husband not out of love, but out of duty (74, 123) and responsibility, “which is so much more often a feminine than a masculine habit of thinking” (133).
Ellen: “I have to do my duty as a wife. But it’s so hard to say just where duty leaves off and being a mere slave begins” (74).
Ellen prioritizes making a positive difference in the world, with no thought to her own self. When her maid tells her about her troubles, Ellen wants to help and joins the feminist movement. But her husband Isaac keeps her like a prisoner or a “pampered slave” (96). Isaac didn’t want to allow Ellen to have any friends, go anywhere without his knowledge or permission, or have any money to do with as she pleased. When she rebelled, he only pretended to give her control over a housing development for unmarried women while in reality Ellen had no control over it at all. The story is a good example of how oppressive a husband could be and how powerless a wife is when she has no money of her own.
“It wasn't the particular marriage.... It was any marriage.... All we women are tied. Most of us are willing to be tied perhaps, but only as people are willing to be tied to life-belts in a wreck—from fear from drowning” (195).
Evidence of the lack of love that used to be the norm among married couples: “Never in their lives had [Ellen and Isaac] really talked to each other clearly and honestly about anything. Indeed it is scarcely too much to say that neither had ever talked about anything to anyone. She was too young, her mind was now growing up in her and feeling its way to conscious expression, and he had never before wanted to express himself. He did now want to express himself. For behind his rant and fury Sir Isaac had been thinking very hard indeed during the last three weeks about his life and her life and their relations; he had never thought so much about anything except his business economics. So far he had either joked at her, talked "silly" to her, made, as they say, "remarks," or vociferated. That had been the sum of their mental intercourse, as indeed it is the sum of the intercourse of most married couples” (92).
I think the main characters in this story are good examples of the instinctual variants. Ellen is SO, Isaac is SP, & Mr. Brumely is SX.
“A woman, [Isaac] knew had to be wooed to be won, but when she was won, she was won. He did not understand wooing after that was settled. There was the bargain and her surrender. He on his side had to keep her, dress her, be kind to her, give her the appearances of pride and authority, and in return he had his rights and his privileges and undefined powers of control. That you know, by the existing rules, is the reality of marriage where there are no settlements and no private property of the wife's. That is to say, it is the reality of marriage in ninety-nine cases out of the hundred. And it would have shocked Sir Isaac extremely, and as a matter of fact it did shock him, for any one to suggest the slightest revision of so entirely advantageous an arrangement” (42).
Lady Beach-Mandarin said she was in favor of a wife receiving half her husband’s property and income, paid into her separate banking account (96). I was surprised to see my own idea written of so long ago (1914).
"But," protested Mr. Brumley, "would men marry under those conditions?"
"Men will marry anyhow," said Lady Beach-Mandarin, "under any conditions" (96).
I think it’s amusing that men object to those terms so automatically; when if they really love their wife and want to provide for her, then why wouldn’t they agree to letting her have half of everything he owns and earns? It’s because the men want control over their wives; they don’t want to allow her to buy her own things; the men want to CHOOSE what she gets. And he likely also doesn’t trust her to spend her money wisely. When she has no money of her own, she is entirely dependent on him, and that gives him all the power. And power can be abused, as this novel illustrates.
I was also surprised to see the author mention “The Woman Who Did.” He said it had a wild idea which had been hunted down, killed, and mobbed (111). Aww.
Isaac ‘went on, regardless of her words. "What do you think you can do, Lady Harman? You're going to all these places—how? Not in my motor-car, not with my money. You've not a thing that isn't mine, that I haven't given you. And if you're going to have a lot of friends I haven't got, where're they coming to see you? Not in my house! I'll chuck 'em out if I find 'em. I won't have 'em. I'll turn 'em out. See?"
"I'm not a slave."
"You're a wife—and a wife's got to do what her husband wishes. You can't have two heads on a horse. And in this horse—this house I mean, the head's—me” (72)!
The author’s message with this story seems to be that men want to keep their wives prisoner out of jealousy and fear that their wives will cheat on them if they don’t keep a tight leash on them (93-94, 178).
Mr. Brumley “perceived now with the astonishment of a man newly awakened just how the great obsession of sex had dominated him—for how many years? Since his early undergraduate days. Had he anything to put beside her own fine detachment? Had he ever since his manhood touched philosophy, touched a social question, thought of anything human, thought of art, or literature or belief, without a glancing reference of the whole question to the uses of this eternal hunt? During that time had he ever talked to a girl or woman with an unembarrassed sincerity? He stripped his pretences bare; the answer was no” (130).
“All the tendency is back towards restraints upon increase, to an increasing celibacy, to a fall in the birth-rate and in the average size of families, to—to a release of women from an entire devotion to a numerous offspring, and so at last to the supersession of those little family units that for four centuries have made up the substance of social life and determined nearly all our moral and sentimental attitudes. The autonomy of the family is being steadily destroyed, and it is being replaced by the autonomy of the individual in relation to some syndicated economic effort” (144).
Mr. Brumley “declared that the onset of this new phase in human life, the modern phase, wherein there was apparently to be no more "proliferating," but instead a settling down of population towards a stable equilibrium, became apparent first with the expropriation of the English peasantry and the birth of the factory system and machine production. Since that time one can trace a steady substitution of wholesale and collective methods for household and family methods. It has gone far with us now. Instead of the woman drawing water from a well, the pipes and taps of the water company. Instead of the home-made rushlight, the electric lamp. Instead of home-spun, ready-made clothes. Instead of home-brewed, the brewer's cask. Instead of home-baked, first the little baker and then, clean and punctual, the International Bread and Cake Stores. Instead of the child learning at its mother's knee, the compulsory elementary school. Flats take the place of separate houses. Instead of the little holding, the big farm, and instead of the children working at home, the factory. Everywhere synthesis. Everywhere the little independent proprietor gives place to the company and the company to the trust” (144).
“At the worst this new social life may become a sort of slavery in barracks; at the best—it might become something very wonderful. My mind's been busy now for days thinking just how wonderful the new life might be. Instead of the old bickering, crowded family home, a new home of comrades.... In looking up all these things I came upon a queer little literature of pamphlets and so forth, dealing with the case of the shop assistants. They have a great grievance in what they call the living-in system. The employers herd them in dormitories over the shops, and usually feed them by gaslight in the basements; they fine them and keep an almost intolerable grip upon them; make them go to bed at half-past ten, make them go to church on Sundays,—all sorts of petty tyrannies. The assistants are passionately against this, but they've got no power to strike. Where could they go if they struck? Into the street. Only people who live out and have homes of their own to sulk in can strike. Naturally, therefore, as a preliminary to any other improvement in the shop assistant's life, these young people want to live out. Practically that's an impossible demand at present, because they couldn't get lodgings and live out with any decency at all on what it costs their employers to lodge and feed them in. Well, here you see a curious possibility for your Hostels. You open the prospect of a living-out system for shop assistants. But just in the degree in which you choose to interfere with them, regulate them, bully and deal with them wholesale through their employers, do you make the new living-out method approximate to the living-in. That's a curious side development, isn't it?" (146)
“"One of the most interesting and unsatisfactory aspects of the life of the employee to-day—and you know the employee is now in the majority in the adult population—is this. You see, we hold them celibate. We hold them celibate for a longer and longer period; the average age at marriage rises steadily; and so long as they remain celibate we are prepared with some sort of ideas about the future development of their social life, clubs, hostels, living-in, and so forth. But at present we haven't any ideas at all about the adaptation of the natural pairing instinct to the new state of affairs. Ultimately the employee marries; they hold out as long as they possibly can, but ultimately they have to. They have to, even in the face of an economic system that holds out no prospects of anything but insecurity and an increasing chance of trouble and disaster to the employee's family group. What happens is that they drop back into a distressful, crippled, insecure imitation of the old family life as one had it in what I might call the multiplying periods of history. They start a home,—they dream of a cottage, but they drift to a lodging, and usually it isn't the best sort of lodging, for landladies hate wives and the other lodgers detest babies. Often the young couple doesn't have babies. You see, they are more intelligent than peasants, and intelligence and fecundity vary reciprocally” (146).
“Moral indignation is jealousy with a halo” (114). Not true every time, but definitely true of democrats who keep whining for “the wealthy to pay their fair share.”
“Marriages to begin with were too easy to make and too difficult to break; countless girls—Lady Harman was only a type—were married long before they could know the beginnings of their own minds” (126). Mr. Brumley considered that people should be older when they marry, but even this didn’t eliminate mistakes and deceptions (127).
Nowadays marriages are easy to break. And women are treated to more than they deserve with alimony and child support despite not needing it because they work or get a new man in their lives. I’m all for equality, but the new double standards are still sexist and not equal. Women get awarded custody of the children purely on the basis of her sex, and even if the father is a better parent and wants to have custody; this is not right. Then the man is forced to pay her child support even though he wanted his kids. A woman who has her own job shouldn’t receive alimony, since the purpose of alimony was to help a jobless woman survive. And especially when the person at fault for the divorce is the woman, the woman should not be receiving money from the husband. In many areas, fault is not determined, which is a grave error in my opinion. Why should a cheating woman who neglects her kids get to have custody and collect money from her ex-husband? This is injustice.
I think the person who is at fault for divorce should not be allowed to marry again. Whoever is at fault for the divorce shouldn’t get any alimony, and probably not custody of the kids either. I think most reasons people divorce are dumb. The only good reasons I can think of for divorcing are: abuse, cheating, drug use, criminal activity, and making such terrible financial choices that the family is in risk of losing their home. So whoever is the one doing those things is the one at fault for the divorce. And if the reason is something else, whoever wants/initiates the divorce is the one at fault.
When people get married, they should be asked questions by the preacher like:
“Will you still stay with your partner when they don’t give you what you want?”
“Will you still stay with your partner when they make you unhappy?”
“Will you still stay with your partner when they do things you don’t approve of?”
“Will you still stay with your partner when you see someone more attractive come along?”
“Have you known each other for at least a year before marrying?”
“Will you contribute hard work to support the family?”
Marriage is a commitment that shouldn’t be broken for frivolous reasons. Another good question is “Why are you marrying this person?” If the reason is, “They make me happy,” or “They’re hot” then the next question should be, “Will you still stay with them when that’s no longer the case?” If the answer is no, then they shouldn’t get married. I’m guessing under this system, most people would not get married, because they wouldn’t be able to think of good reasons for marriage, and if they say “yes” to that next question, it’d probably be a lie. Which of course you can’t prevent lying, but at least it’ll be on record that they said yes and then later broke their promise by divorcing.