While there have been better Joseph Conrad novels, The Rover was a fitting and touching end to the long writing career of one of the greatest writers of the late nineteenth/early twentieth century. Indeed it is hard not to see something of Conrad himself in Peyrol, the sailor who gives up the sea, and returns to land, yet who always has his heart still with the sea.
Of course The Rover was not intended to be Conrad’s last work, and he was still working on other books at the time of his death. However, this was to be his final completed novel.
The story concerns Peyrol, a sailor and adventurer with a colourful past who decides to settle down in post-Revolutionary France to retire with a small fortune that he has stolen. Peyrol returns to the home of his childhood, and sets about rigging up a small boat for pleasure.
However, hopes of an idyllic retirement are to be cut short. Soon Peyrol is caught up in intrigues involving a British ship patrolling the French coast (Britain was still at war with France then), a plan by a duty-bound Lieutenant to dupe the British with forged papers, and a bloodthirsty former Revolutionary called Scevola who is murderously jealous of the Lieutenant’s growing attachment to Arlette, the half-crazed orphan of a Royalist family whom Scevola had put to death.
Finally Peyrol heroically sets off to take on the British himself, deliberately throwing away his life so that the forged papers will fall in British hands, and thereby dupe them. For good measure, he takes the captive Scevola with him and leaves Lieutenant Real behind, thereby doubly saving the life of Lieutenant Real, and allowing a chance for Real and Arlette to become a couple.
This is one of the happiest endings in a Conrad novel, though characteristically it has to come at the expense of the life of his hero. Peyrol is not motivated by any political interest, but only by love of his country and a concept of duty and heroism. As a seaman he is outside the Royalist and Revolutionary concerns of his time, and loftily contemptuous of them.
His contempt is Conrad’s own contempt. Like Conrad, he is a former seaman who finds that the political ideals that he formed at sea do not seem to work as well among land folk, and he shares Conrad’s subtle resentment towards the behaviour of people who live on land. Authoritarian ideals that worked at sea no longer have a place here.
However, Conrad saves his greatest contempt for the ideals of the French Revolution. Hence the greatest villain here is Scevola, a contemptible man called a ‘blood-drinker’ due to his role in having royalists put to death during the Revolution. Scevola has spared the life of Arlette after having her parents murdered, but his motives are obscure. He does not seem to love her, so his interest is either sexual or merely the wish to exercise power over her.
Scevola’s presence adds a darker fatalistic thread to the story, as we see his growing hatred for Lieutenant Real, and we fear that Arlette will once again be unable to escape the revolutionary bloodshed that cost her parents lives. Both Real and Arlette are the orphans of Royalists, and are therefore suspect in Scevola’s eyes. Only the hasty action by Peyrol in removing Scevola ensures that this threat is finally lifted, and Real and Arlette are able to marry and be happy together.
On the whole, Conrad is milder towards the Royalists, and we are encouraged to see Real, Arlette and Arlette’s parents as more sympathetic characters. However, there is only a partial association with them, and Conrad does not really take sides. Like Scevola, Real is defined by his clothes. Scevola is a sans-culotte, and Real is an epaulette-wearer. Whatever his private contempt for the Revolution, Real is governed by rigid standards of duty imposed by his uniform, and therefore cannot be completely trusted by the free-spirited Peyrol.
Peyrol has his own version of liberty, equality and fraternity. For him, liberty is about having the liberty to live a free life at sea. Equality is the notion of all men being equal under a strong ruler, i.e. not really equality at all. Notably Peyrol approves of Napoleon’s strong control.
Our hero has his own notions of fraternity too, but his are concerned with the Brotherhood of the Sea, a kind of freemasonry among seafaring adventurers. Hence for all his loyalty to his country, Peyrol is happy to allow an English naval man whom he captured to escape, because Peyrol recognises Symons as a fellow member of the Brotherhood.
Notably this notion of liberty, fraternity and equality is diametrically opposite to that of the Revolution. In the end, Peyrol may lay down his life for the post-Revolutionary government, but really it is more for the sake of his country than out of any loyalty to the values of the state at that time.
Peyrol represents an ideal hero for the book. He is a man with a rascally past perhaps, but he has his own values. He is ruthless, but not cruel. There is enough of the patriot in him to feel indignation about the presence of the British ship and to engage in amusing negative fantasies about the captain of that ship, but he has genuine values of solidarity that allow him to feel a paternal concern in allowing an Englishman to escape from his control. He is also capable of great tenderness in his relations with Arlette and her aunt Catherine.
Indeed, Peyrol’s presence helps to strongly bind the book together. While The Rover cannot be regarded as a return to the form of Conrad’s greatest books, it is an excellent, well-written story that maintains the interest, and offers a few insights into Conrad’s world view. It is a satisfying finale to Conrad’s work.