Until his son Richard M. outlasted him, Richard J. Daley was Mayor of Chicago longer than anyone else in the city's history, ruling the city with an iron fist from 1955 until his death in 1976. The portrait of him painted by Adam Cohen and Elizabeth Taylor is not a pretty one. Daley dominated Chicago, and Illinois politics generally, by turning on people who helped him and crushing people who dared to speak out against something that he did or one of his policies.
While Daley today is best remembered for his stewardship of the disastrous and violence-riddling 1968 Democratic Convention, his presence still looms large for Chicagoans. Daley was a man completely of the city, growing up and living his entire life in the Bridgeport neighborhood on the South Side. Daley's early life is covered fairly rapidly, more because there was not that much of interest in these years than when he became Mayor. Also, some of his early years is murky, such as his possible participation (possibly leadership?) in local clubs, which almost seemed more to resemble a type of neighborhood gang. While I understand why the authors did not dwell on this part of Daley's life, I do think that his family life gets short shrift. This continues throughout the book. Very little of Daley's private life is discussed. We see very little – indeed, almost nothing – of his wife, his seven children (until the final chapter), or his parents. I find this a weakness in an otherwise well-written book.
The other aspect of the book that I did not particularly care for is the extent to which the authors delve into race relations and segregation in Chicago in the first half of the 20th century. While this is certainly relevant given that Daley came of age during this time period, and it is quite helpful in establishing the atmosphere and situations that he found himself dealing with as Mayor, the detail is so extensive that Daley gets lost in the arc of the story. The book takes on a Robert Caro-esque quality in that the focus on the segregation in Chicago is examined in minute detail. Honestly, it is was too in-depth for my liking. I was interested in the book because I wanted to read about Daley's life, not about the racial history of Chicago. The two are certainly not mutually exclusive, and you cannot address one without the other, at least to a point, but this is not what I was looking for. Reading about details of personnel moves at the Chicago Housing Authority, and meeting after meeting after meeting, has a tendency to make one's eyes start to glaze over. Had 50 pages been cut out of this part of the book, I do not think that the reader would have lost any appreciable knowledge concerning Daley.
Where the authors succeed is in explaining the story of segregation in Chicago, particularly as it relates to housing. An examination of the differences between the black ghettos on the South Side vs the ones on the West Side was helpful. Much attention was paid to the Civil Right movement, Daley's mostly quiet attempts to derail it and enforce working-class white neighborhood prejudices, and his somewhat surprising hold over many of the city's black voters. How did he do this? Two fairly simple answers: jobs and the threat of them being taken away. Daley would give lip service to Civil Rights crusaders such as Martin Luther King Jr, offering meaningless platitudes in attempts to put the Reverend and others off. Eventually, this process failed, but it took a long time to do so, in part because Daley – by wielding the massive power of the Democratic machine – could dole out jobs to his selected henchmen, who in turn would disperse them to the black residents of their wards (Daley did this with white wards as well; power is power no matter where). This kept blacks voting for his hand-picked candidates, and more importantly, not voting against him when he was on the ballot.
The coverage of the 1968 Democratic National Convention was adequate but not great. Daley's role in it is covered sufficiently. Despite the brutal crackdown on protestors, the press, and even innocent bystanders by the out-of-control Chicago Police, Daley's local support remained steady. He took a big hit nationally, but the authors do not delve into that very deeply. That was pretty much the nadir of Daley's long tenure as Mayor. After that, his health began to decline, the machine – while still possessing power – was not as strong as before, and Daley was not as dynamic in his role as Mayor. His decline is covered fairly well, although much more quickly than most of the earlier chapters concerning public housing. There is only the briefest discussion of his legacy at the end. I think the authors could easily have expanded that. Having lived in Chicago for several years, I can attest that the spirit of Daley and his image still hover mightily over that city, and some of the problems that were going on while he was in office are sadly still going on all these decades later, and partially as a result of the policies that he implemented. In addition, there was not a single mention of his oldest son, Richard M., being elected Mayor in 1989. How could the authors not mention that?
This is a very good history book about Chicago's race relations in the 20th century, and Democratic politics in Cook County. This is a so-so biography of a legendary figure. Daley does not come out looking well here, but that is his fault, not that of the authors. He was an autocrat in a heavily Democratic city. Daley's professional life is covered in detail, yet many aspects of his personal life are not discussed. This, to me, left Daley as someone fairly two-dimensional in aspect, and I have a strong suspicion that the many was definitely not that way. Also, it helped that I have a good familiarity with Chicago, many of its neighborhoods, landmarks, and a few of the various ethnic communities that live there. Without that knowledge (and I am not an expert on any of that), I probably would have liked the book less than I did. Recommended for those who are interested in Chicago, Daley, the Civil Rights era, or housing and urban development. Those seeking an entertaining biography may wish to look elsewhere.
Grade: C+