With its ‘Four Establishments of Mindfulness, the Four Right Efforts, the Five Faculties, the Five Powers, the Seven Factors of Awakening and the Noble Eightfold Path’(page 457)and ‘such simple practices as the sixteen methods of observing the breath’ (page 476)Buddhism has always felt too intellectually demanding to appeal to me. However, my biggest doubt was that I was under the impression that they believed in an endlessly repeated cycle of birth, death and rebirth which I couldn’t accept because even if they were right, there must be at least a micro-second between death and rebirth. Where does that soul/spirit go to in that micro-second? If the next world is outside of the rules of time then that micro-second could be an eternity to the soul/spirit that has entered it. There is also the question of what happens to all of the soul/spirits that die in mass extinctions like the First World War and its accompanying flu epidemic when there are not enough new births to accommodate them instantly?
There was no answer to my query until page444 when Buddha says, “If not, how could there be a way out of birth and death?” ‘A way out’! A doorway leading where? He believes that there is a next world!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
This is followed by such a beautiful explanation that I am sure the writer of this book will forgive me for quoting it in full.
“Ananda, have you ever stood on a seashore and watched the waves rise and fall on the surface of the sea? Birthlessness and deathlessness are like the water. Birth and death are like the waves. Ananda, there are long waves and short waves, high waves and low waves. Waves rise and fall, but the water remains. Without water, there could be no waves. Waves are water, water is waves. Though the waves may rise and pass away, if they understand that they themselves are the water, they will transcend notions of birth and death. They will not worry, fear, or suffer because of birth and death.”
Many years ago I had a similar realization in that we are all like droplets of water from a great lake to which we return, rippling the surface with our new knowledge. But this explanation by the Buddha is so simple and yet so complete. Absolutely beautiful!
So let’s also simplify the rest of the core of Buddha’s teachings which he gained through meditation and moments of enlightenment.
1: Everything is interconnected and depends on everything else in this world for its survival. “When you look at a leaf or a raindrop, meditate on all the conditions, near and distant, that have contributed to the presence of that leaf or raindrop.” (page 409) To which I would add, see that it is also part of the water, part of God.
2: On the way to attaining spiritual liberation.
‘He said that offerings and prayers were not effective means to attain liberation.’ (page 232).
He also said,
“ a person who has never tasted a mango cannot know its taste no matter how many words and concepts someone else uses to describe it to him. We can only grasp reality through direct experience. That is why I have often told the bhikkhus (monks) not to lose themselves in useless discussion that wastes precious time better spent looking deeply at things.” (page 467).
So practice meditating instead of reading about it.
“But if one tries too hard, one will suffer fatigue and discouragement.......know your own strength. Don’t force your body and mind beyond their limits. Only then can you attain the fruits of practice.” (pages 484-485)
Having attained these fruits Buddha gives the following advice that so many religious leaders should follow.
“My teaching is a means of practice not something to hold onto or worship. My teaching is like a raft used to cross the river. Only a fool would carry the raft around after he had already reached the other shore, the shore of liberation.” (page 213)
This is a beautiful book of 572 pages where you will not only learn about the Buddha's life and journey to enlightenment but find many more thought provoking statements.
The one question that keeps coming back to me over the years since I first read this book is that at the time of Buddha the Jain religion already existed with its vegetarianism, it's determination to do no harm to any living thing and it's concentration on meditation as the way to reach enlightenment with its only adulation kept for the Bridge Builders, that is those Jains who had crossed the Bridge into enlightenment and served as an example to everyone else that, meditation is the way. As an educated Prince, Buddha must have known all about the Jains so why didn't he just join them and train with them instead of putting himself through years of near starvation?