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The Oxford Francis Bacon #4

The Oxford Francis Bacon IV: The Advancement of Learning

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This is the first critical edition since the nineteenth century of Bacon's principal philosophical work in English, The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the proficience and advancement of Learning, divine and humane - traditionally known as The Advancement of Learning .

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First published January 1, 1605

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About the author

Francis Bacon

2,467 books899 followers
Not to confuse with collateral descendant and artist Francis Bacon

English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman Francis Bacon, first viscount Saint Albans, in writings, which include The Advancement of Learning (1605) and the Novum Organum (1620), proposed a theory of scientific knowledge, based on observation and experiment, which people came as the inductive method.

A Baconian follows the doctrines of the philosopher Francis Bacon or believes in the theory of, relating to, or characteristic of his works or thought that he authored the plays, attributed to William Shakespeare.

This Queen's Counsel, an orator, authored. He served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. After his death, his works extremely influenced especially as advocate and practitioner during the revolution.

People called Bacon the creator of empiricism. His works established and popularized simple Baconian inquiry, often called. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all natural things marked a new turn in much of the rhetorical framework, which still surrounds proper conceptions today.

Bacon received a knighthood in 1603, and people created him baron Verulam in 1618 and promoted him in 1621.

Ideas of Bacon in the 1630s and 1650s influenced scholars; Sir Thomas Browne in his Encyclopaedia Pseudodoxia Epidemica (1646–72) frequently adheres to an approach to his inquiries. During the Restoration, the royal society founded under Charles II in 1660, commonly invoked Bacon as a guiding spirit.

During the 18th-century Enlightenment of France, criticism of the ancien regime associated more influential non-metaphysical approach of Bacon than the dualism of his French contemporary René Descartes. In 1733, Voltaire "introduced him as the ''father," a widespread understanding before 1750, to a French audience.

In the 19th century, William Whewell revived and developed his emphasis. People reputed him as the "father."

Because Bacon introduced the influence behind the dawning of the Industrial age in England, people also consider him. In works, Bacon,

"the explanation of which things, and of the true relation between the nature of things and the nature of the mind, is as the strewing and decoration of the bridal chamber of the mind and the universe, out of which marriage let us hope there may spring helps to man, and a line and race of inventions that may in some degree subdue and overcome the necessities and miseries of humanity,"


meaning he expected that through the understanding of use of mechanics, society creates more inventions that to an extent solves the problems. This idea, found in medieval ages, changed the course in history to inventive that eventually led to the mechanical inventions that made possible the Industrial Revolutions of the following centuries.

He also a long treatise on Medicine, History of Life and Death , with the natural prolongation.

For the historian William Hepworth Dixon of biographers, so great influence of Bacon in modern world proceeds to owe to who rides in a train, sends a telegram, follows a steam plough, sits in an easy chair, crosses the channel or the Atlantic, eats a good dinner, enjoys a beautiful garden, or undergoes a painless surgical operation

Francis Bacon's left the vast and varied that dispaly and that divided in three great branches:

Works present his ideas for an universal reform into the use of the improvement.

In literary works, he presents his morals.

Works reform in law.

Librarian Note: There is more than one author in the Goodreads database with thi

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Displaying 1 - 26 of 26 reviews
44 reviews4 followers
October 2, 2016
All of the writings of Sir Francis Bacon, whether his terse collection of essays or his expositions on science, have a quality that is logical and rigorous, clearly brilliant, and eminently unrelatable. Whether it's his shameless toadying to the resident monarch or his tendency to abstract simple, common-sense ideas into multiple paragraphs of raw pretentiousness, you're likely to find yourself doing more than a few eye rolls. Also, note that if you are going to tackle Advancement of Learning and don't speak Latin, you'll need an annotated version with translations.

Nevertheless, there is no denying his prescience concerning the evolution of academia, and science in particular. The purpose of Advancement of Learning is to motivate the continued pursuit and funding for academic disciplines (book one) and to identify gaps in the body of knowledge as it existed at the beginning of the 17th century (book two).

I found the first book to be the least compelling of the two, both because his justification for the pursuit of knowledge invoked quite a few religious arguments, which I would consider to be beside the point, and because his historical justifications were vague, more closely resembling name-dropping than a rigorous defense of learning. It's also difficult for me to believe that the first book had much impact, as the argument was written with such pompous flair that I doubt he was preaching to any but the converted (i.e., the learned).

The second book was a somewhat more interesting. Bacon's breakdown of the various fields of academia was insightful -- I had fun matching his description of the then-unexplored areas of human thought to the modern disciplines that have since arisen. Among others, he predicted the advent of sociology, linguistics, and economics. In addition, he correctly identified some major flaws in the practice of the physical sciences, including the need for a clear distinction from metaphysics and the unhealthy tendency to rely on ideal mathematical constructs. In the latter case, he gave a specific example of how we shouldn't require astronomical objects to follow circular or spherical paths. Four years later, Kepler would publish his first law of planetary motion, which described planetary orbits as ellipses with the sun at one focus.

Overall, I wouldn't recommend this book to the casual reader unless they have a specific interest in the history of science. It is nevertheless an impressive accomplishment at a key moment in the history of Western civilization.
Profile Image for Jeff Shelnutt.
Author 7 books47 followers
March 15, 2015
One of those books that I found myself re-reading whole paragraphs in order to try to more fully grasp the flow of thought. That's a good thing! It made it a challenge to get through, but I feel my time was well spent. Bacon's been referred to as a forerunner of modern philosophy and science. He certainly had a prodigious intellect and was able to take a breathtaking survey of a wide range of subjects. Very rarely do we find such men or women today in our increasing tendency to specialize in fields of knowledge. Oh for the age of the renaissance man!
95 reviews1 follower
December 24, 2013
It may just be the most important work of science ever written (granted it is damned hard to read with so many Latin interjections and poetic epigrams). Bacon addresses the stagnancy of the scientific method since Plato and develops a thorough agenda for reforming all areas of thought and practice, from medicine to metaphysics. Along the way he casually invents multiple new sciences: social psychology, personality psychology, clinical psychology, science relating to how our body affects our minds and vice versa, alludes to the development of the correlation, creates a science for negotiations/business, government, dream interpretation, what success in life means, among other fields. If you work in these areas, you owe it to Francis Bacon for the way you practice and think today.

Along with creating these new sciences, he also methodically addresses the errors and shortcomings of extant areas, particularly medicine. In these pages he radically transforms this field, telling people to document and organize and advance these disciplines. We take this as an obvious aspect of our work today, but in 1605 where people commonly sought out witchcraft as frequently as doctors to cure what ails them, it is the scientific method that differentiates one from the other, and where guess-and-check comes up short.

We commonly summarize Bacon's philosophy as "knowledge is power", superficially interpreting this to mean that "it's better to know than not to know". The prevailing wisdom of the time was for knowledge to be idly used in contemplation of metaphysics and philosophy. The true meaning of this phrase echoes Machiavelli, to remove oneself from the idealistic world of oughts and should-bes, to the practical application of how things are and CAN be with knowledge as a trusty companion. Knowledge is to be used for action and the conquest of nature, and no one before Bacon coordinates man better toward such goals that he dreams we can attain.
Profile Image for نجيب .
48 reviews9 followers
January 8, 2015
لما تقرأه في الوقت الي مسيطر فيه العلم عالعالم مش حتحس ان الكتاب هذا سوى تكرار لكلام انت عارفه
بس لما تعرف ان الكتاب انكتب من ٥٠٠ سنة فاتت حتحس بثورية أفكار بيكون وكيف كاين سابق لزمانه
مؤسس العلم التجريبي لك كل تحياتي
افضل اقتباس من الكتاب :
Aren't true discovers those who say that they shouldn't sail the sea looking for land because they only sea water .
Little knowledge turns u into an atheist , but greater knowledge turn u back to god
1,507 reviews19 followers
September 10, 2021
Denna bok är Bacons handledning kring fabeltolkningar. Hade den varit marginellt lättare skriven hade jag velat använda den i undervisningen; kanske borde översätta den för sakens skull...
Profile Image for Roberto Rigolin F Lopes.
363 reviews107 followers
May 28, 2016
We are in 1605, Bacon explains to his king the methods and the effects of learning. You need to go through his pompous salutations and several quotes in Latin to learn something here. This is mainly a report, meaning that he is not demanding much brain power from his king. He even says that this text is analogous to the sound of an orchestra tuning their instruments; the beautiful sounds will follow. He was damn right… the scientific revolution was just starting.
Profile Image for Kelly Ann.
140 reviews
May 11, 2011
I was certainly challenged by the language and Latin in this essay. The length was another obstacle to overcome. However, there were a few lines that made me realize that education and learning hasn't advanced all that much over the last few centuries!
Profile Image for Abigail Sommer.
34 reviews
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July 17, 2025
This is good for it’s time, but the old language just gave me an absolute headache. This just basically takes a scientific/empirical approach to the art of rhetoric and Bacon details how rhetoric can be used to advance knowledge.
Profile Image for Sasha Boucher.
28 reviews2 followers
June 8, 2024
"The first distemper of learning, when men study words and not matter: How is it possible but this should have an operation to discredit learning, even with vulgar capacities, when they see learned men's works like the first letter of a patent or limned book; which though it hath large flourishes, yet it is but a letter? It seems to me that Pygmalion's frenzy is a good emblem or portraiture of this vanity: for words are but the images of matter; and except they have life of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is all one as to fall in love with a picture."

Reading this book as a Marxist is truly fascinating at times (I won't lie, the frequent latin interjections become tedious), with strangely relevant criticisms of the state of learning in some parts. Being able to connect the way affluent intellectuals thought during the early enlightenment period alongside the early development of capitalism in London is quite validating for a historical materialist analysis. The strange intermixture of feudal and bourgeois consciousness feels at once alien and familiar. He was PAINFULLY and consistently dualist in his thinking, and basically an objective idealist, it would appear approaching empiricism or even materialism at times, but then he comes back to god shortly thereafter.

What made him truly revolutionary for his time I think was the complete break from the old scientific method of the "scholastics", basically overly pedantic theologically driven old-heads who cautioned against "too much" science for fear of atheism, but Franky boy said au contraire, "those men do not consider that it was not the pure knowledge of nature and universality which gave the occasion to the fall; but it was the proud knowledge of good and evil, with an intent to give law unto himself and to depend no more upon God's commandments, which was the form of temptation. As for the conceit that too much knowledge should incline a man to atheism, and that ignorance of second causes should make a more devout dependence upon God who is the first cause; first it is good to ask the question as Job asked his friends, 'Will you lie for God as one man will do for another to gratify him?' For certain it is that God worketh nothing in nature but by second causes; and if they would otherwise have it believed, it is mere imposture, as it were in favour towards God, and nothing else but to offer to the author of truth the unclean sacrifice of a lie." I think this here demonstrates the impact of the recent protestant reformation upon the thought of the day, and shows explicitly how it laid the grounds for scientific revitalization.

Some things, like using the absence of a certain quality in a thing undergoing a phenomenon while other things under the same phenomenon do not require that quality for the phenomenon to happen, demonstrating that that quality is not required for that phenomenon to happen, for us may seem like something a 5 year old should intuitively know, but apparently this was ground breaking, and Frank introduced this method. He also had the ground breaking initiative to separate science from magic, not to the discredit of magic, but rather demonstrating that the two have little practically to do with each other. He was of course a magician himself, being a founding member of the Freemasons and the Rosicrucians.

His understanding of metaphysics is also rather unique. Not as vulgar as Plato's forms where they are completely abstracted from matter, his forms referred (or tried to) more to the scientific basis for certain qualities/causes, for example, that flame melts wax but hardens clay, so the metaphysical form he would seek is the nature of melting, and the nature of hardening, thereby gaining an understanding of the properties of the object and the universe more generally: "To enquire the form of the lion, oak, gold, nay of water, of air, is a vain pursuit: but to enquire the forms of sense, voluntary motion, vegetation, colors, gravity and levity, density, tenuity, heat, cold, and all other natures and qualities, which like an alphabet are not many, and of which the essences (upheld by matter) of all creatures do consist; to enquire I say the true forms of these is that part of metaphysic which we now define of."

Also the fact that this guy was a spy for like 40 years, was most likely Elizabeth I's illegitimate son, and oversaw the implementation of such basic capitalist economic conditions as the legalization of the charging of interest on loans, makes this guy generally just...interesting isn't the word, and I don't know what word it would be, but I'm sure he would know the perfect one to use.
Profile Image for Ken Ryu.
562 reviews9 followers
September 23, 2018
This book is over 400 years old. It holds up surprisingly well. Bacon was a well-read and intelligent fellow.

The book has 3 main aspects for the modern reader to contend with.

1) Tons of Latin. At the time of this writing in the early 17th century, Latin was known by most scholars. Bacon assumes the reader of this intellectual tomb is familiar with this now dead language. For the modern reader, we suffer due to the lack of comprehension of many of his theories which begin with Latin passages.

2) Digressions and discussions of biblical, Greek philosophy, Roman history and Machiavellian theories. Bacon many times gives shout outs to the Greeks and Romans who he believes are the two great civilizations and societies from antiquity. He recommends that his king, King James, take heed of their philosophy and history. He talks much about Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Caesar, Cato, and Cicero. He accepts most of the biblical text as fact. His deference to his predecessors takes the reader away from his more radical philosophy ideas, and somewhat drags down the flow of the book.

3) Innovative thoughts on philosophy. Bacon breaks down knowledge into 3 main categories. Divine, natural and human nature. He states that much of what we know is based on faith and our trust in god. In nature, we learn from experimentation, math, and science. In human nature, we study history, government, economy, and society to make sense of our human emotions and relationships.

The philosophical points of Bacon are well laid out and spoken in a language that is comprehensible today. Mostly Bacon's ideas are flexible enough to stand the test of time and do not suffer from anachronistic proofs. He accounts for the progression of science and how as we learn more about our natural world, that our philosophy need to adjust to these new truths.

He writes the book as an open letter to King James. The introduction and conclusions are deferential. As you scratch under the surface, you discover a brilliant thinker with an open mind to learn how we can better interpret our world. One of the better and more timeless philosophy books of this era.
98 reviews1 follower
March 13, 2023
Read this in the Adler edition, but it didn't have the correct published date. Read as the start of my classical education. I still have to make an outline of the book to help organize my thoughts, but this was so, so good. I have not read anything like it. I started with this (after reading Bauer and Adler, the practical guides) even though Bacon hadn't been on my radar, because they both quoted him so much. It is a very rich work, and his use of examples (especially on hard to understand points) were always spot-on, very illuminating. He had a very wise understanding of Scripture that he used throughout the work that is impressive in someone who was not a pastor or of the Church. Truly, a great book.
Profile Image for Bitter Rabbit.
11 reviews
August 27, 2024
Pithy aphorism, very educational on the topic of science but I would not recommend it if you are not interested. If you do not know Latin, I would suggest an annotated version to fully understand the text, however, comparing passages on Aristotle and other philosophers is interesting in understanding how the teachings developed from the 1500's onward. Overall, both books (1 and 2) are highly interesting if you look past his flagrant or pompous manner of speech towards the king, (as it is written as a report to him). Religion is evidently important, and it is uniquely approachable in its influences on common thought and 'knowledge' as an entirety. Good read.
Profile Image for Stephen Antczak.
Author 26 books26 followers
March 20, 2022
Ponderous but at times interesting. I will have to read someone else's account of the ideas, I think, in order to fully grasp much of them. NOTE: The edition I read is not the one pictured. I read the Dent, Rowman & Littlefield (JM Dent & Sons) trade paperback edition, edited by G. W. Kitchin, with an introduction by Arthur Johnston, with a red cover, originally published in 1973, reprinted multiple times (mine is the 1981 reprint).
170 reviews11 followers
January 24, 2018
Not an easy read for sure. SO MANY RUN ON SENTENCES!! But it did make me think a lot and I think that's the point.
177 reviews1 follower
September 21, 2021
Obviously, a monumental work in its time, but today it is dated and extremely dense reading. It is worthwhile to study the larger concepts presented as well as the historical context of the work.
Profile Image for Tom.
46 reviews4 followers
August 28, 2016
I frequently see Bacon acknowledged as one of the first champions of the scientific method, and a few of his quotations are still reproduced with relevance to modern issues. Nevertheless, this book surprised me by just how modern it is (in outlook, if not in language- Bacon makes liberal use of untranslated Latin quotations causing me to make liberal use of an online translator). The book is addressed to King James I, and Bacon is explicit about his desire that it be used to direct royal resources to improve knowledge in the areas he labels deficient: it's nothing less than the framework for an R&D budget. Furthermore, he argues for the importance of pure as opposed to applied research. While some of this is clearly motivated by ancient attitudes about the search of knowledge for knowledge's sake, Bacon also makes the argument that limiting research to only what has obvious and immediate applications will result in limiting our sphere of knowledge to what we already know. This is the earliest example of this argument I'm aware of; its terms have not substantially changed to this day.

Aside from all that, the book is a compendious description of what amounts to the state-of-the-art approaches to research in every field of knowledge circa 1600 as seen by one of the most educated people of that age. Recommended for anyone with interest in the history of ideas.
Profile Image for Socrate.
6,743 reviews260 followers
April 14, 2021
Progresul cunoșterii conţine, într-o formă incipientă sau mai dezvoltată, o mare parte a teme-lor din care se va alcătui concertul scrierilor baconiene armonizate în proiectul ulterior al "marii instaurări" (Instauratio magna). De altfel, unul din modurile în care acest volum va lăsa urme de neşters în modernitate este exact felul în care anunţă şi popularizează, în limba engleză şi pentru publicul cultivat, temele fundamentale ale proiectului baconian de reformă a cunoaşterii. E important să subliniem de la început că ne găsim în faţa unei cărţi care apare, în toamna anului 1605, în limba engleză. Prin urmare, nu suntem în faţa unei scrieri destinate cu precădere publicului universitar sau filozoilor, ci a unui text care vizează un auditoriu mai larg, "nespecializat".
Profile Image for Gareth.
Author 15 books44 followers
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May 18, 2020
Bacon is much underrated as a philosopher. His vision for the reform of philosophy and science - well, of learning in general - is quite breathtaking in its scope and audacity. He's also a great writer.

The one thing that spoils it is the quality of this edition. There are no notes, no translation of the extremely frequent Latin quotations with which Bacon illustrates his points, all of which makes for a very frustrating experience.

Also, this is the original English text. Bacon later translated and augmented The AoL, so it might be an easier and more enjoyable read in an English translation of the later Latin edition.

Gareth Southwell is a philosopher, writer and illustrator.
Profile Image for Lukas op de Beke.
164 reviews31 followers
December 30, 2015
The Advancement consists of a shorter first book and a longer second book, I would advise anybody to only read the former, a brilliant exposé of the merits and triumphs of general learning, and not the latter, a tedious and wholly outdated overview of the fields of learning and styles of scientific and ohter research.
Profile Image for Mary.
980 reviews53 followers
January 23, 2013
Although seen as one of rhetoric's villeins, Bacon endorses a place for rhetoric, even if it is only et his rebus ornamento, eloquentia. Not going to pretend it doesn't drag in places, but well worth a skim-through, especially the catchy bits about why education is so worthwhile.
Profile Image for SØren.
5 reviews1 follower
September 3, 2012
Very tough read, i feel like most wont enjoy the constant quotation in Latin of early Philosophers and Poets, but i know i did.
Profile Image for Tom.
253 reviews6 followers
December 27, 2013
Reading this gave me a better perspective on the general state of science and knowledge in Bacon's time. Some of the time spent on classification of knowledge seemed to pass the point, though.
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