This is one of the best defenses of pacifism that I have ever read.
Swanson's book is very detailed and carefully researched, providing multitudes of historical examples to argue that war is, as the great protest song declares, good for absolutely nothing.
Swanson does not shy away from the tough cases: wasn't World War II justified? What about the US and NATO's military actions to stop the ethnic cleansing in Bosnia? The answers that Swanson provides, though, are not simple, but of course, we live in a world where few problems, especially the problems of war and violence, are simple in nature, and so we should not expect them to have simple solutions.
Everything that most Americans (though not, however, most people around the world, as Swanson argues) believe about war is a lie. War is almost never justified; Swanson argues that every aggressive war is illegal, and that violence is justified only as a last resort and as a defensive measure, and Swanson shows every single war in which the US has engaged in the last 150 years has been illegal. In fact, I learned something rather interesting from this book: aggressive war is actually illegal under the Kellogg-Briand Pact, a treaty to which the US is a party.
Wars are almost never really fought for the reasons that the war-makers give.
We don't have a Department of Defense: we have a Department of War. Calling it the Department of Defense is a lie that could have come straight from the pages of Orwell.
America has fought in far, far more wars than the American public realizes, many of them smaller in scale than our recent endeavors in Iraq and Afghanistan, but hardly a year has passed in the last 100 years in which the US military was not involved in some type of violent intervention, most often in Latin America, the Caribbean, or the Middle East.
Modern wars are not fought on battlefields as in ancient history and medieval times. Modern wars are largely fought in cities and towns where civilians are more likely to be killed than enemies. Our idea of soldiers on both sides lined up in battle formations against each other simply does not reflect the reality of modern warfare.
Wars are always supported by and usually even instigated by propaganda lies.
By and large, much of the horror and atrocity of war is either explicitly lied about or completely covered up, and the media is largely complicit in this. When, for example, was the last time that a major American media outlet ran a story on civilian casualties in Iraq or Afghanistan?
War is not, as some are wont to assert, good for the economy. In fact, the most recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have been the primary causes of the ballooning of the national debt under George W. Bush, and President Obama has shown no signs of any commitment to decreasing military expenditures.
The victors in wars prosecute the losers for war crimes and then lie about and try to cover up the very same types of war crimes that they, the victors, have committed themselves.
In wars, we lie to ourselves about our how we view our troops: we applaud them as heroes and defenders of freedom when we send them off to fight, but when they return home (if they do return home), we fail to help them cope with the psychological and physicals scars that we have created.
We even lie about who has won the wars: the US certainly didn't win the Korean War or the Vietnam War, and it's really even hard to say what winning the war in Iraq or Afghanistan would really mean. If, for example, winning the war in Iraq was all about overthrowing the Hussein regime, then why, years later, are we still fighting in Iraq? We also lie about our own role in wars: the US fought in only the last year and a half of World War I, and it is likely that the Nazis had sealed their own doom in invading the Soviet Union so that the Allies would have defeated the Nazis without the intervention of the US.
Swanson also points out that President Obama and the Democrats are no better than the Republicans when it comes to their approach to war. This book really serves to remind us that there is no real political left in the US and that there is no real representation for pacifism in our government save for a very small handful of individuals, among them Swanson's former boss Dennis Kucinich and Vermont's Socialist senator, Bernie Sanders.
War does not liberate people. Honestly, are the people (those civilians, that is, who haven't been killed as collateral damage) of Iraq and Afghanistan any more free or even better off now than they were under Hussein and the Taliban? The general understanding of war that most Americans have is completely false: war is a lie.
On a personal note, this book has reinvigorated my own pacifist beliefs and my own commitment to doing everything that I can to advocate for nonviolence, for an end to my own country's (the US's) execution of any and all wars, for the destruction of all nuclear weapons, and for major cuts to the US's military expenditures.
Thank you, David Swanson, for this fantastic defense of peace!