Written on the heels of the Civil Rights Movement and the death of Martin Luther King, The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman is a powerful, sweeping novel about the struggle from slavery to resistance. Miss Jane is a 110 year old, recounting her life to a young man with a tape recorder, and it is only a few pages in before the reader is completely lost in the life she has led.
Twelve years old when the Civil War ends, she is old enough to have endured the worst of slavery, the beginnings of freedom, and the reconstruction of the South, in which much is promised and little is realized. Uneducated herself, she sees the value of schools, as she watches the progression of her “people” from servitude to a longing for true independence.
The story culminates with the beginnings of the push for true freedom in Louisiana, that push arriving behind the progress already made in Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia. Gaines, it seems to me, has a full grasp of what makes this struggle so difficult, and only part of that has to do with the resistance of the White population to the changes coming; so much of it has to do with lifting the veil from the eyes of an accepting and fearful Black population.
And the worst pain, Jimmy, you can inflict is what you doing now–that’s trying to make them see they good as the other man. You see, Jimmy, they been told from the cradle they wasn’t–that they wasn’t much better than the mule. You keep telling them this, over and over, for hundreds and hundreds of years, they start thinking that way.
When the Civil Rights Movement began in Georgia, I was about the same age as Miss Jane was at the end of the Civil War. Old enough, certainly, to understand what was going on around me and too young to have any impact on it. I watched it unfold on television and in the streets of my home town, and I felt the fear of both the blacks who were seeking equality and the whites who were afraid of a change to a system that had been in place long before any of them were born. This book is a reminder of that personal bravery and sacrifice. While this is my first reading of the book, I remember the effect the movie had on all of us when it was released in 1974. That power is still present in these pages.
If there is anything else we should take away from this novel, I think it is the knowledge that change is hard. It requires effort.
And for the rest of her life Mary Agnes was trying to make up for this: for what her own people had done to her own people. Trying to make up for the past–and that you cannot do.
Like Miss Mary Agnes, we will never make up for the past, but we are responsible for the future.