I picked this up at my favourite junk/antique/rummage shop, noting that I had never heard of Margaret Fountaine and perhaps I should have. She lived from 1862 to 1940 and was the daughter of a Norfolk clergyman. She kept detailed dairies from the age of 16; keeping notes and usually writing them up once a year. They run to twelve hefty volumes. Her will indicated that they should be sealed until 15 April 1978 in case they should shock (100 years after she begun them). They were duly unsealed and edited for publication. This volume covers 1878 to about 1913 and there is a follow on volume.
Margaret Fountaine was someone who clearly needed a purpose to her life. She started by drawing and spent some time travelling Britain sketching the inside of cathedrals. However her real passion became collecting and displaying butterflies. She is renowned amateur entomologist and lepidopterist and also an accomplished natural history illustrator. She travelled the world collecting specimens. Her development as a collector is interesting. She realised that taking specimens out of the wild was not always the best thing to do and so she began to take a female with eggs and raise her own. Many of the specimens in her collections were raised by her out in a variety of wild and dangerous places. Her butterfly collection is in a museum in Norwich and her illustrations are in the Natural History Museum in London.
Fountaine had much to battle with; her upbringing was a very traditional Victorian one and she was given a strong sense of her own social standing and how she should relate to others and what was proper and improper. The diaries illustrate how she battled for years with her upbringing, sometimes constrained by it, often breaking free from it. Her relationships with men are fascinating. She is at times quite conventional, thinking she ought to get married to an appropriate man and be conventional (even getting engaged a couple of times). However instinctively she did not really wish to marry. She had an early passion for a chorister at Norwich Cathedral (much to the horror of her family) and even followed him to Ireland when he was dismissed for drunkenness. She did however have one long term relationship; with a man she hired as a dragoman (guide and interpreter), Kahlil Neimy, a Syrian born of Greek parents. They travelled together for 27 years until his death in 1928 (he was 15 years her junior). At various times they were engaged, they were certainly lovers, though not initially. He was devoted to her and travelled together all over the world; nursing each other through malaria. At times Fountaine was scandalised by her own behaviour, at other times not. She struggled with how to explain his presence to more conventional society. This was one of the most interesting aspects of the diaries; the internal conflict which she explains very well. At times Fountaine is very modern, unconventional and pioneering and at other times she feels she is betraying her upbringing and the standards she was brought up with.
At times she can appear racist and imperialist and of her time and then she breezes through convention with unexpected verve and takes the breath away with her warmth and acceptance of others. She was an early user of the bicycle, finding very useful for travelling to difficult places. She travelled all over the world, initially in Europe, then the Middle East, Africa, India, Australia, the US, into the Himalayas and Tibet. She died while collecting butterflies in Trinidad in 1940; still on the road (alone).
She was a truly independent woman, a keen supporter of women’s suffrage (although never in England long enough to do much about it). Included in her adventures were close encounters with Corsican bandits, malaria, numerous men intent on taking her virtue or worse (she rarely backed away from them, preferring to face and challenge them), she enjoyed aeroplanes and cars once they were available, jumped off a crashing train in the bush, got lost in the jungle (volume 2), slept in all sorts of unlikely places (becoming an expert in insects that bite in the night).
I found Margaret Fountaine in equal parts wonderful and irritating; but she was a remarkable and independent woman who deserves more recognition. Her sheer force of character shines through and her sense of adventure and sheer bravery are remarkable