This text aims to challenge long-standing views of popular medieval revolts. Comparing rebellions in northern and southern Europe over two centuries, it analyses their causes and forms, their leadership, the role of women, and the suppression or success of these revolts.
Weren't people in the Middle Ages subservient to their masters, and incapable of resisting their superiors? Cohn investigates town chronicles, royal decrees and court records across Flanders, France and Italy , and finds descriptions of 1,012 popular revolts in in the 225 years after 1200. Though ruler-sponsored record-keepers avoided mentioning the victories of peasants or town rabble over their lords, Cohn's survey of official pardons shows that in 70% of these revolts (726 out of the 1,012), the rebels won at least some of their demands, including pardon from any punishment.
With surprising detail Cohn recovers evidence of the causes, demands, tactics, and slogans of medieval popular movements. We see the "people without underpants", who threw out the corrupt administrator of Bologna in 1289, the children's anti-war marches, the collective strikes involving mass emigration away from abusive rulers, or the great revolts against papal rule which swept over 1,577 walled towns and villages of central Italy in 1375. Cohn gives the conflicting contemporary views on these revolts, which sound quite familiar. As aristocratic cleric Jean de Bel explained, the rabble were driven by "uncontrolled diabolical madness" and "senseless beastly rage". Other writers reflect the views of victorious rebel leaders, as where the Milanese chronicle records: "all the cities and villages of Romagna, the Marche, the Duchy of Spoleto, the Papal States, and the Campania of Rome ... went under the flag of liberty and made themselves free".
The book is more analysis of fragmentary records than story telling. In tabulating the causes, goals, means, and results of rebellion, Cohn avoids generalization like the plague. He's well aware of the limits in his source material. But the weight of evidence shows a dramatic age, with the movements for liberty gathering steam.
Good historical analysis with many examples of popular revolts drawn from Italy, France and Flanders. However, the book misses a great opportunity of developing a deeper argument that can analyse certain key revolts in their own context and time, giving the reader more information about the progress of such revolts, outcomes, etc.
I hate it when I forget to move a book from its no longer appropriate shelf. Finished this book a long time ago! Cohn Jr. needs to work out the straw dummy trope that he uses in his arguments--it would make them a lot stronger.