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Greed, Lust and Gender: A History of Economic Ideas

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When does the pursuit of self-interest go too far, lapsing into morally unacceptable behavior? Until the unprecedented events of the recent global financial crisis economists often seemed unconcerned with this question, even suggesting that "greed is good." A closer look, however, suggests that greed and lust are generally considered good only for men, and then only outside the realm of family life. The history of Western economic ideas shows that men have given themselves more cultural permission than women for the pursuit of both economic and sexual self-interest. Feminists have long contested the boundaries of this permission, demanding more than mere freedom to act more like men. Women have gradually gained the power to revise our conceptual and moral maps and to insist on a better-and less gendered-balance between self interest and care for others.

This book brings women's work, their sexuality, and their ideas into the center of the dialectic between economic history and the history of economic ideas. It describes a spiralling process of economic and cultural change in Great Britain, France, and the United States since the 18th century that shaped the evolution of patriarchal capitalism and the larger relationship between production and reproduction. This feminist reinterpretation of our past holds profound implications for today's efforts to develop a more humane and sustainable form of capitalism.

418 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 2009

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About the author

Nancy Folbre

37 books34 followers
Nancy Folbre is an American feminist economist who focuses on economics and the family, non-market work and the economics of care. She is Professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

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Displaying 1 - 7 of 7 reviews
Author 2 books17 followers
March 7, 2020
A közgazdasági gondolkodás és nyomában a közfelfogás a piacot férfiként, a családot és az otthont pedig nőként ábrázolja. A piac a versengés és az önmegvalósítás színhelye, ahol az emberi természet önző oldala bontakozik ki. A piaci munka járul hozzá igazán a gazdasági növekedéshez, itt a munka piaci értékének megfelelően van megfizetve. Ezzel szemben a család feminim: morális, altruista elvek alapján tartja össze a ház angyala, a nő. Gyerekeket nevel, főz-mos-takarít, a piaci versengésben megfáradt férje számára pedig valóságos szentélyt rendez be otthon, ahol ura kipihenheti a mindennapi háborút. Persze van ezzel egy kis bökkenő a nemi egyenlőség szempontjából: e hosszú tradícióra visszanyúló felfogás szerint a háztartási munka... nem igazán munka - a közgazdászok, politikusok stb. emberi természetről, gazdasági növekedésről, nemzeti jövedelemről szóló kalkulációiba tehát nem számít bele. A nő nem végez igazi munkát, tehát sokkal kisebb mértékben járul hozzá az ország gazdasági növekedéséhez, mint a férfi. Ebből a széles körben elterjedt nézetből lehet levezetni, hogy a nők a kevésbé fizetett, nem piaci szabályoknak megfelelően díjazott munkákat részesítik előnyben (ahol gondoskodni kell valakiről), mert a társadalom ezt tartja nőiesnek - következésképp egy nővér vagy egy tanárnő könnyebben talál partnert, mint pl. egy női műszerész.

Ez az alapvető ellentétpár (maszkulin piaci vs. feminin háztartási munka), amelyet a szerzőnő historizál könyvében, azaz a történeti gyökereit keresi. Hagyományos eszmetörténeti munka (nagy gondolkodók szövegeinek kritikus elemzése - nekem ez a műfaj nem a kedvencem, e szubjektív okból hullott le egy csillag), nagyívű áttekintéssel és aktuális következtetésekkel. Folbre a középkortól napjainkig veszi számba a befolyásosabb elképzeléseket gazdaságról és annak nemi dimenzióiról.

Kifejezetten kritikus a libertárius irányzattal szemben, de a korai feminista gazdasági gondolkodókat sem idealizálja; gyakran rámutat pl. a rasszizmusukra (a 19. századi amerikai feministák pl. nem vették jó néven, hogy a feketék helyzetével kapcsolatos diskurzus kiszoríthatja a nőkről folytatott vitákat), vagy a gondolkodásuknak a jelen embere számára már nehezen befogadható elemeire.

Bár a kapitalizmust árnyaltan értelmezi és elismeri a pozitív hozományait is (pl. a feudális struktúrák aláásásával sokat tett a nemi egyenlőtlenségek csökkentéséért), távolságtartóan szemléli az önérdeket, mint az ember legfontosabb motivációját hangsúlyozó liberális kapitalista közgazdaságtant.

Az aktuális vonatkozású céljai számomra szimpatikusak: egyrészt a kapitalizmust szerinte állam-család-piac-közösség bonyolult összességének függvényében kell értelmezni és nem lehet csupán a piaccal azonosítani. Nem akarja előírni továbbá, hogy a nők többet versenyezzenek a piacon (felmérések szerint a piacon versenyző nők nem feltétlenül boldogabbak), vagy hogy a férfiak vállaljanak "feminin" munkákat. Amellett érvel inkább, hogy férfi vagy női elfogultságú gazdasági koncepciók helyett egy "emberi" közgazdaságtani felfogás törjön utat, ahol pl. egyenlőnek ismerik el a háztartási munkát a piaci munkával és nem jelölik ki az egyes szférákat férfi vagy női felségterületnek.
Profile Image for Marlowe.
936 reviews21 followers
July 11, 2022
This is the story of economic theory, tracing it from its pre-enlightment proto-forms, right up into the modern era.

It's also a criticism of that history through a feminist lens. If I had to summarize the main thesis of the whole book in a single sentence, it would be: "But what about the women?"

Over and over again, we see theories of beneficial self-interest and individual economic agency that use the language of universality while, at the same time, footnoting exceptions for women (who, of course, must continue to keep the houses and raise the children of these economists, and to do so for free).

This is a bit of a heavy book, with very few soundbites or easy takeaways. It took me three weeks to read because I had to keep putting it down to process. Because of this, it doesn't work too as a primer (which I think I would have benefitted more from), and it's ideas were sometimes a little inaccessible.

But it's an excellent book full of little epiphanies. And if reading it was a bit of a challenge, the challenge was worthwhile.
Profile Image for Tom.
76 reviews11 followers
November 2, 2020
A tour of how thinkers in Britain, France, and the US since the 17th century viewed the concept of self-interest and how that concept has been unequally applied to men versus women. Some themes: (1) women's behavior and ability to pursue self-interest are more heavily regulated than men's are, and (2) there have always been parallel feminist efforts to advance women's interests, whether it be by advocating for women's individual freedom or by advocating that the altruism that thinkers idealize in households be extended further beyond the home. There's an odd division between the ideal of self-interest in the market and the ideal of altruism at home. Market don't inherently corrode moral character, but we should build or maintain institutions and norms that stop self-interest from veering into vicious selfishness.

This is an accessible, short book for re-evaluating historical economic thought with a focus on its treatment of women. Not a particularly exciting read though, and it's a bit disorienting how the book rapidly jumps from thinker to thinker—it's a reasonable format, but I found it difficult to piece together a good big picture overview of everything.

I wish the final chapter on modern feminist economics (a sub-field that readers should see the importance of after reading the preceding nineteen chapters) were longer. A couple of interesting quotes from that chapter:
- The book frequently talks about how dominant economic metrics and views assign zero economic value to household labor. One consequence: "Disapproval of idle slackers helps explain widespread disapproval of public assistance to the non-working poor in the United States. Those who ignore the contributions of family work outside of paid employment are not likely to count mothers raising children on their own among the deserving poor."
- It seems it's been easier to make women more self-interested (moving into the traditionally masculine sphere) than it has been to make men more altruistic (moving into the traditionally feminine sphere). Maybe this portends a possibly concerning "shift toward a gender-neutral ideal of selfishness."
- Women don't do well on income compared to men but do well on other measures of welfare. Related to the previous point: "If adoption of masculine norms and values can increase women's earnings, it can also reduce their sense of subjective well-being. Surveys show that women's reported happiness relative to men has been declining over time, even as they have been making economic gains."
6 reviews
January 11, 2026
A fascinating book which accuracy and systematically depicts the story of economic pursuit from its grass roots in philosophy to modern day gdp measures. Focusing on the West and Women it talks of philosophers, presidents, and political scientists, and their opinions on the economy and women’s place in it. Very enlightening.
Profile Image for Kate Newton.
32 reviews
August 5, 2022
An absolutely, eye opening fabulous look at how the economic systems we live under have shaped our perceptions of women. This is going down as a favourite read for me.
Profile Image for Nate.
55 reviews8 followers
June 10, 2014
An excellent history of economic ideas from a feminist perspective. I highly recommend it.
Displaying 1 - 7 of 7 reviews

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