Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) was one of the most well known writers of the 20th century, chiefly remembered for his celebration of British imperialism, tales and poems of British soldiers in India, and his tales for children. Born in Bombay, he was taken by his family to England when he was five years old, going on to become a famous Briton. Kipling is best known for his works of fiction, including The Jungle Book, Just So Stories (1902) (1894) (a collection of stories which includes "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi"), Kim (1901) (a tale of adventure), many short stories, including "The Man Who Would Be King" (1888); and his poems, including Mandalay (1890), Gunga Din (1890), The White Man's Burden (1899) and If— (1910). He is regarded as a major "innovator in the art of the short story"; his children's books are enduring classics of children's literature; and his best works are said to exhibit "a versatile and luminous narrative gift"
Joseph Rudyard Kipling was a journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist.
Kipling's works of fiction include The Jungle Book (1894), Kim (1901), and many short stories, including The Man Who Would Be King (1888). His poems include Mandalay (1890), Gunga Din (1890), The Gods of the Copybook Headings (1919), The White Man's Burden (1899), and If— (1910). He is regarded as a major innovator in the art of the short story; his children's books are classics of children's literature; and one critic described his work as exhibiting "a versatile and luminous narrative gift".
Kipling was one of the most popular writers in the United Kingdom, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Henry James said: "Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius (as distinct from fine intelligence) that I have ever known." In 1907, at the age of 41, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the first English-language writer to receive the prize, and its youngest recipient to date. He was also sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and on several occasions for a knighthood, both of which he declined.
Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1907 "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author."
Kipling kept writing until the early 1930s, but at a slower pace and with much less success than before. On the night of 12 January 1936, Kipling suffered a haemorrhage in his small intestine. He underwent surgery, but died less than a week later on 18 January 1936 at the age of 70 of a perforated duodenal ulcer. Kipling's death had in fact previously been incorrectly announced in a magazine, to which he wrote, "I've just read that I am dead. Don't forget to delete me from your list of subscribers."
Puh, was soll ich dazu sagen? Gefallen haben sie mir nicht, die Geschichten. Meistens konnte ich mehr mit den Gedichten anfangen, die jeder Geschichte vorangingen. Die eine oder andere Passage hat mich zwar angesprochen, aber wirklich berührt hat mich nichts in dem Buch. Schade, das was ich davor von Rudyard Kipling gelesen habe, hat mir gut gefallen und deshalb hatte ich mich auch auf die Lektüre gefreut.
Originally published on my blog here in December 2000.
Most collections of Rudyard's Kipling's short stories today seem rather uneven; some of his writing has dated much more than the rest. Traffics and Discoveries is not so much uneven as poor; few of the stories it contains have much to say. There are several patriotic stories from the Boer War period; as this was hardly marked by British moral superiority - being best remembered today for the British invention of the concentration camp - its propaganda now gives an uncomfortable feeling to the British reader.
Among Kipling's most successful adult stories were those whose central characters were three privates in the Indian Army, and there are three stories in this collection which attempt to repeat this formula with the Navy. It doesn't really work, partly because there is virtually no originality in them, and partly because the writing is diffuse and confusing.
Most interesting are the stories which look at some of the most significant new technologies of the time - the car, the radio, and electric power. This includes what it almost certainly the earliest story to feature a traffic policeman. The car is also important in 'They', which begins with a breakdown. Probably the best story in the collection, it is a rather Jamesian tale about the ghosts of children.
One other tale deserves comment. Initially, The Army of the Dream seems to be Kipling the right wing Imperial apologist through and through; it is basically a tract in support of the formation of what amounts to the Territorial Army, and apparently views warfare as an extension of team sports. (This was, of course, a not uncommon metaphor among the British upper classes until it was discredited in the First World War less than a decade after the publication of this collection.) However, it has a sharp sting in the tail, as the narrator awakens from his dream in his London club to realise that the men he has been talking to are all dead. This of course undermines everything he appears to have been trying to say, and leaves the reader with an uneasy feeling - exactly as Kipling must have intended.
Some of the stories, particularly those about the Royal Navy, are now a bit outdated and difficult to understand. 'The Army of a Dream' now sounds more like a nightmare. Much as we can understand Kipling's willingness to improve the armed forces in Britain, his vision of a highly militarised Britain evokes the Japanese society between the two world wars. Fortunately, stories like 'Wireless', 'Mrs Bathurst' and 'Below the Mill Dam' bring back Kipling's story-telling skills at their best, with a touch of the fantastic in the former two, and a strong evocation of Old England in the latter. Far above all the others, however, is 'A Sahib's War', which, although set in South Africa during the second Anglo-Boer War reads, at least to me, as one of Kipling's most powerful Indian stories...
I enjoyed this-bit of a curates egg. Some of the stories were wonderful, and hit 5/5 for me. Especially "Wireless", "Mrs. Bathurst", and "Them" - all oddly ethereal and supernatural and melancholic. Worth reading these alone, even if you download them from Gutenberg or wherever. Some of the other stories were just a rollicking good yarns, like "The Captive" and "The Bonds of Discipline". They all have message in support of the British Empire - but they have to be seen in the context of the time - 1904.
Next, I have an first edition/2nd printing of Kim lined up...