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Extraordinary Circumstances: The Journey of a Corporate Whistleblower
The longer WorldCom Chief Audit Executive Cynthia Cooper stares at the entries in front of her, the more sinister they seem. But the CFO is badgering her to delay her team's audit of the company's books and directing others to block Cooper's efforts. Still, something in the pit of her stomach tells her to keep digging. Cooper takes readers behind the scenes on a riveting, real-time journey as she and her team work at night and behind closed doors to expose the largest fraud in corporate history. Whom can they trust? Could she lose her job? Should she fear for her physical safety? In Extraordinary Circumstances, she recounts for the first time her journey from her close family upbringing in a small Mississippi town, to working motherhood and corporate success, to the pressures of becoming a whistleblower, to being named one of Time's 2002 Persons of the Year. She also provides a rare insider's glimpse into the spectacular rise and fall of WorldCom, a telecom titan, the darling of Wall Street, and a Cinderella story for Mississippi.
With remarkable candor, Cooper discusses her struggle to overcome these challenges, and how she has found healing through sharing the lessons learned with the next generation. This book reminds us all that ethical decision-making is not forged at the crossroads of major events but starts in childhood, "decision by decision and brick by brick."
At a time when corporate dishonesty is dominating public attention, Extraordinary Circumstances makes it clear that the tone set at the top is critical to fostering an ethical environment in the work-place. Provocative, moving, and intensely personal, Extraordinary Circumstances is a wake-up call to corporate leaders and an intimate glimpse at a scandal that shook the business world.
With remarkable candor, Cooper discusses her struggle to overcome these challenges, and how she has found healing through sharing the lessons learned with the next generation. This book reminds us all that ethical decision-making is not forged at the crossroads of major events but starts in childhood, "decision by decision and brick by brick."
At a time when corporate dishonesty is dominating public attention, Extraordinary Circumstances makes it clear that the tone set at the top is critical to fostering an ethical environment in the work-place. Provocative, moving, and intensely personal, Extraordinary Circumstances is a wake-up call to corporate leaders and an intimate glimpse at a scandal that shook the business world.
416 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2007
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October 25, 2009
I was assigned this book for a corporate law class, so I skimmed through the personal parts and focused on the issues relating to my class and the upcoming test. At least that was the plan.
It wasn't long before I found myself reading every word. While this book wasn't written very well and wouldn't captive many, I found it very interesting. As a graduate student in Accounting, this book relates to a lot of what I could currently face, and may face in the future, in my career field. I found myself drawn into the personal aspects that Cynthia faced as well as the professional aspects. I wouldn't wish her experiences on anyone, but it's important to see those with integrity fighting for what they know is right. That was the message that I took away from this book.
As accountants we must know the standards and hold to them. When something doesn't appear right, look deeper. When people try to tell you that the incorrect entries are ok, don't let them change your convictions. Hold to what you know is right.
Thousands of investors, every resident of the Mississippi town where WorldCom was once headquartered, and thousands of employees were greatly affected by the fraud of a handful of executives and employees. In my mind, those who were most affected were the families of those who committed and continued the fraud.
The overall message was clear: Fraud will not benefit anyone in the long run. The regret of improper actions will never really go away. Those who stand for what is right will end up in a better place in life than those who don't.
It wasn't long before I found myself reading every word. While this book wasn't written very well and wouldn't captive many, I found it very interesting. As a graduate student in Accounting, this book relates to a lot of what I could currently face, and may face in the future, in my career field. I found myself drawn into the personal aspects that Cynthia faced as well as the professional aspects. I wouldn't wish her experiences on anyone, but it's important to see those with integrity fighting for what they know is right. That was the message that I took away from this book.
As accountants we must know the standards and hold to them. When something doesn't appear right, look deeper. When people try to tell you that the incorrect entries are ok, don't let them change your convictions. Hold to what you know is right.
Thousands of investors, every resident of the Mississippi town where WorldCom was once headquartered, and thousands of employees were greatly affected by the fraud of a handful of executives and employees. In my mind, those who were most affected were the families of those who committed and continued the fraud.
The overall message was clear: Fraud will not benefit anyone in the long run. The regret of improper actions will never really go away. Those who stand for what is right will end up in a better place in life than those who don't.
August 11, 2022
Great book detailing Cynthia's role in detecting the fraudulent financial reporting at WorldCom. Lots of great personal anecdotes, background information on the involved parties, and thoughts on what causes otherwise good people to do horrible things. Really neat to hear the perspective of someone who, despite the massive amount of pressure and attempts to throw her off the trail, stayed composed and did the right thing.
July 12, 2020
3.5 stars. This book provides valuable lessons and insight regarding the WorldCom corporate fraud scandal from the perspective of Internal Audit. However, I think it was longer than necessary as it frequently went off topic and several parts seemed completely irrelevant.
September 4, 2016
Cynthia Cooper is the CEO of The CooperGroup, LLC, a management consulting firm that provides services in the areas of internal audit, ethics and compliance, fraud prevention and detection, board consultation and education and enterprise risk management. She now shares the lessons she has learned through her experiences with professionals and students.
Extraordinary Circumstances: The Journey of a Corporate Whistle blower is a book written by Cynthia which describes the unearthing of financial statement fraud at telecom giant WorldCom Inc., in the most riveting way. It reminds me that ethical decision-making starts in childhood in one 19s life and it starts with micro things and not the macro and larger-than-life events. Moreover, this book makes me clear that the tone set at the top is critical to fostering an ethical environment in the work-place.
In 2002, as head of the internal audit team at WorldCom Inc., she blew the whistle on what became the largest fraud in U.S. corporate history, finally touching $11 billion. Of course, the process of uncovering this fraud was demanding, treacherous and grueling. This book is good in detailing the fraud and how it happened.
Cynthia almost single-handedly created the internal audit department at WorldCom, and her book details the struggle to get management to take internal audit seriously. Extraordinary Circumstances is a provocative, moving, and intensely personal narrative from Cynthia. She tells her story in subtle, but powerful way. It is essentially a story about people and choices. It talks about character, choices, and courage. It teaches us all a lesson that in the end, life is about choices and our challenge is to choose well.
Cynthia tells us how power and money can change people, and how easy it is to rationalize, give in to fear, and bend under pressure from our supervisors. Weaving her personal and professional lives, she explains how her family (mom, dad and her spouse) supported her throughout the process. She also brings out her faith in God throughout the book and explains how biblical principles and prayer were comforting her during the time of crises in her life.
Extraordinary Circumstances is a marvelous and compelling story that carries some important lessons for internal audit professionals. Some virtues to be seen in internal auditors are being assertive in nature, having courage and conviction, heeding to intuition and hunch in the daily walks of life. Below are the certain examples from the book:
She writes, 1CI feel obligated to stick to my honest opinion 1D (pp108) when she decides to contradict with Diana with regard to selection of consultants for LDDS.
Again she writes, 1Cthat tension with management sometimes was inevitable for an internal auditor. 1D (pp115)
Her action based intuition was evident when she decides to hold a meeting with Bernie for explaining internal controls. She writes, 1CI 19ve been following Charles 19 instructions to lay low with Bernie, but the strategy isn 19t working. So I decide to go the opposite route and call a meeting of senior executives, including Bernie, to explain internal controls 26 26 26 26At this point, I have nowhere to go but up. 1D (pp118)
When she finds out financial misstatement fraud in WorldCom initially, she writes, 1CHaving to go against both Max and Scott is not something I take lightly. I respect both of them and there are likely to be repercussions. Bit as I 19ve done throughout my career, I 19m going with my intuition. Usually, it serves me well. Everything inside me, my instinct as wells as years of audit and fraud training, says go to Accounting. 1D (pp 242)
When Cynthia is desperate to call an audit committee meeting for discussing the financial misstatement fraud and when she is doubtful whether the audit committee chair Max will call for a meeting, she says to the external audit firm KPMG Partner Farrell, 1CI 19m going to get on the phone and call one myself. 1D 18You can 19t do that! 19 Farrell exclaims. 18I can and I will 19 she responds assertively. (pp 254)
True, Extraordinary Circumstances certainly could have been a much shorter book. And, it has been incoherent in connecting incidents at certain places. Yet, it is a book ringing alarm bells in our heart to value the ethics and imbibe the same in our daily walks of life.
Extraordinary Circumstances: The Journey of a Corporate Whistle blower is a book written by Cynthia which describes the unearthing of financial statement fraud at telecom giant WorldCom Inc., in the most riveting way. It reminds me that ethical decision-making starts in childhood in one 19s life and it starts with micro things and not the macro and larger-than-life events. Moreover, this book makes me clear that the tone set at the top is critical to fostering an ethical environment in the work-place.
In 2002, as head of the internal audit team at WorldCom Inc., she blew the whistle on what became the largest fraud in U.S. corporate history, finally touching $11 billion. Of course, the process of uncovering this fraud was demanding, treacherous and grueling. This book is good in detailing the fraud and how it happened.
Cynthia almost single-handedly created the internal audit department at WorldCom, and her book details the struggle to get management to take internal audit seriously. Extraordinary Circumstances is a provocative, moving, and intensely personal narrative from Cynthia. She tells her story in subtle, but powerful way. It is essentially a story about people and choices. It talks about character, choices, and courage. It teaches us all a lesson that in the end, life is about choices and our challenge is to choose well.
Cynthia tells us how power and money can change people, and how easy it is to rationalize, give in to fear, and bend under pressure from our supervisors. Weaving her personal and professional lives, she explains how her family (mom, dad and her spouse) supported her throughout the process. She also brings out her faith in God throughout the book and explains how biblical principles and prayer were comforting her during the time of crises in her life.
Extraordinary Circumstances is a marvelous and compelling story that carries some important lessons for internal audit professionals. Some virtues to be seen in internal auditors are being assertive in nature, having courage and conviction, heeding to intuition and hunch in the daily walks of life. Below are the certain examples from the book:
She writes, 1CI feel obligated to stick to my honest opinion 1D (pp108) when she decides to contradict with Diana with regard to selection of consultants for LDDS.
Again she writes, 1Cthat tension with management sometimes was inevitable for an internal auditor. 1D (pp115)
Her action based intuition was evident when she decides to hold a meeting with Bernie for explaining internal controls. She writes, 1CI 19ve been following Charles 19 instructions to lay low with Bernie, but the strategy isn 19t working. So I decide to go the opposite route and call a meeting of senior executives, including Bernie, to explain internal controls 26 26 26 26At this point, I have nowhere to go but up. 1D (pp118)
When she finds out financial misstatement fraud in WorldCom initially, she writes, 1CHaving to go against both Max and Scott is not something I take lightly. I respect both of them and there are likely to be repercussions. Bit as I 19ve done throughout my career, I 19m going with my intuition. Usually, it serves me well. Everything inside me, my instinct as wells as years of audit and fraud training, says go to Accounting. 1D (pp 242)
When Cynthia is desperate to call an audit committee meeting for discussing the financial misstatement fraud and when she is doubtful whether the audit committee chair Max will call for a meeting, she says to the external audit firm KPMG Partner Farrell, 1CI 19m going to get on the phone and call one myself. 1D 18You can 19t do that! 19 Farrell exclaims. 18I can and I will 19 she responds assertively. (pp 254)
True, Extraordinary Circumstances certainly could have been a much shorter book. And, it has been incoherent in connecting incidents at certain places. Yet, it is a book ringing alarm bells in our heart to value the ethics and imbibe the same in our daily walks of life.
February 16, 2025
Out of all the things I’ve read about Worldcom, this book explained the entire fraud the best.
The Fraud Itself
The first time the author realized a huge accounting fraud was happening, she wrote:
In the simplest terms (without going into details of creative cash flow accounting of expensing vs capitalization), the Worldcom accounting fraud occurs as follows:
1) Worldcom is making $10 (an example number) for their services each month, however, they’re spending $12 expense to make that happen. Which means that they’re losing $2 each month.
2) Instead of telling their shareholders that they’re losing $2, they instead did some accounting magic to pretend they’re only spending $2 expense. To hide the remaining $10 expense, they put it in a special accounting entry. Their hope at the time was that they will eventually make more than $10 they’re making now, and all will be forgiven.
3) Yet, months after months, they continue to bring in less than they spend. Forcing them to do the same tricks again and again - faking how much their expense really is by shifting them into a special accounting entry (that grew ever larger).
How to spot the fraud
It would be incredible difficult to spot the fraud. The author works for the company - their internal audit for god’s sake - and yet they wouldn't have spotted the fraud unless they specifically looked for it (which the author did) due to a tip from a news article. Absent the news article, neither the company’s external auditor nor internal auditing would’ve even bothered to look for it. In addition, even when the author is looking for it, they for a long time really thought the fraud wouldn’t have happened, and there are possibly some reasonable explanations for the ever increasing special accounting entry labeled “prepaid capacity”. Why? Because Worldcom has gotten so big so fast that not just their accounting is a total mess, their operations are too. The author wrote:
Here are few things I’ve thought of while reading this book:
On Fundings
On Debt: Avoid companies that use debt for growth. The only exception would be under the environment of hyperinflation (not just inflation that we recently experienced, or the stagflation period of Carter/Regan era). But hyperinflation is incredibly rare so this would only come into play once in a blue moon - possibly never in a person’s lifetime.
On Company Shares Issuance: Besides issuing debt, a company can issue more debt. In theory, when a company’s market share price is much higher than the intrinsic value, the additional money raised, assuming it could be deployed elsewhere that’s selling at a discount, is almost free money. But the issue is this inevitably diluted shareholder shares. Not to mention, the acquisition of other companies will require significant faith on the leadership's understanding of the company, and their ability to integrate the new company successfully (which almost never happens, unless in the scenarios noted towards the bottom). The only way I can think of a company issuing share rationally would be the company simply park the money in their cash accounts for the purpose of buying their share back in the future when the share is selling at discounts.
On Problematic Accounting
Since accounting is double entry, any fraud or misuse has to be placed somewhere. Thus, some of the most dubious signs to look for would be a ballooning asset. But yet, I would too have to admit that if a company’s sole focus is on accounting fraud, it’s rather hard to catch them until they blow up. Especially when a company grows to become rather massive, many dubious accounting entries could indeed be legitimate. A plausible explanation too could come up for actual fraud entries. It’s probably also better to look at the company’s past history, to see how leadership handles failure (or if there were ever failures - it’s a warning sign for a company to never had a bad quarter) and if they would actually be conservative about their failure (by actually exaggerating their own failure and account for more possible things that can go wrong, not less. Berkshire is one such company.).
On Growth
A company ought to grow itself organically, slowly and with its own cash generated by its own operation. This ensures that they would have ample amount of time to structure their structure most efficiently. Using their own cash also ensures that the company’s fate wouldn’t be on the whim of market conditions or the fad of trends. Avoid companies that grow for the sake of growing. Even if a company has a fantastic bottom line and with terrific market share to gain, growing too fast runs into the problem of talent mismatch and the company will always have to catch up to its growth. When a company grows too fast, even if they don’t commit fraud on purpose, bloating, inefficiency and redundancy will easily be the status quo going forward and would take a tremendous amount of energy to resolve (if they ever get resolved). All these will drag down a company’s performance, even if their intrinsic merit is beyond wonderful.
The only scenario where rapid growth could be sustained is when a company’s growth doesn’t require much (if any) additional input. Software is such an industry. A software, assuming structured well in terms of their own development and is intuitive enough that doesn’t require too much of a customer education, can grow rapidly while hiring the same amount of software developers. It’s completely believable that Telegram, a messaging app that powers a huge chunk of human population, requires only 30 software engineers.
The only other scenario where rapid growth could be sustained is when a company doing the acquisition is merely a holding company and requires no synergies between its subsidiaries. A notable example would be Berkshire Hathaway, or to a lesser extent, IAC Inc or Icahn enterprises. While all three previous mentioned companies obviously have their merits, picking those companies requires hefty faith on the company’s leadership for continued success in picking the right acquisition topic (some part of me would remind myself of the famous Peter Lynch quote “Go for a business that any idiot can run – because sooner or later any idiot probably is going to be running it.”).
Some other notes from the book
On the market bubble at the time (when WorldCom was the darling of the Telecom bubble) that is evermore apparent today, emphasizes mine:
Last note - the author also touched on her own personal struggle of being a mother while juggling a full time, rather demanding job. Her solution was her husband became a stay-at-home dad.
The Fraud Itself
The first time the author realized a huge accounting fraud was happening, she wrote:
... the amounts represent costs related to the company’s leased fiber lines that have little or no customer usage due to the implosion of telecom. The company continues to pay to lease them, but they bring in little, if any, revenue. However, instead of expensing the lease costs as they are incurred, the company is reclassifying the amounts as capital assets, which means it can expense them over longer periods of time, as is the case with other capital assets like buildings and equipment. This allows the company to stretch out this deduction to company earnings, buying time for revenue to catch up.
In the simplest terms (without going into details of creative cash flow accounting of expensing vs capitalization), the Worldcom accounting fraud occurs as follows:
1) Worldcom is making $10 (an example number) for their services each month, however, they’re spending $12 expense to make that happen. Which means that they’re losing $2 each month.
2) Instead of telling their shareholders that they’re losing $2, they instead did some accounting magic to pretend they’re only spending $2 expense. To hide the remaining $10 expense, they put it in a special accounting entry. Their hope at the time was that they will eventually make more than $10 they’re making now, and all will be forgiven.
3) Yet, months after months, they continue to bring in less than they spend. Forcing them to do the same tricks again and again - faking how much their expense really is by shifting them into a special accounting entry (that grew ever larger).
How to spot the fraud
It would be incredible difficult to spot the fraud. The author works for the company - their internal audit for god’s sake - and yet they wouldn't have spotted the fraud unless they specifically looked for it (which the author did) due to a tip from a news article. Absent the news article, neither the company’s external auditor nor internal auditing would’ve even bothered to look for it. In addition, even when the author is looking for it, they for a long time really thought the fraud wouldn’t have happened, and there are possibly some reasonable explanations for the ever increasing special accounting entry labeled “prepaid capacity”. Why? Because Worldcom has gotten so big so fast that not just their accounting is a total mess, their operations are too. The author wrote:
WorldCom is a patchwork of companies piled one on top of another. The result is an environment that is never stable and a quagmire of duplicate systems and processes. WorldCom has not one but 11 accounts receivable systems, some 60 billing systems, and overlapping telecommunications networks. As each company acquired comes into the fold, there is a cash of cultures, political jockeying, management turnover, and reorganization.
Here are few things I’ve thought of while reading this book:
On Fundings
On Debt: Avoid companies that use debt for growth. The only exception would be under the environment of hyperinflation (not just inflation that we recently experienced, or the stagflation period of Carter/Regan era). But hyperinflation is incredibly rare so this would only come into play once in a blue moon - possibly never in a person’s lifetime.
On Company Shares Issuance: Besides issuing debt, a company can issue more debt. In theory, when a company’s market share price is much higher than the intrinsic value, the additional money raised, assuming it could be deployed elsewhere that’s selling at a discount, is almost free money. But the issue is this inevitably diluted shareholder shares. Not to mention, the acquisition of other companies will require significant faith on the leadership's understanding of the company, and their ability to integrate the new company successfully (which almost never happens, unless in the scenarios noted towards the bottom). The only way I can think of a company issuing share rationally would be the company simply park the money in their cash accounts for the purpose of buying their share back in the future when the share is selling at discounts.
On Problematic Accounting
Since accounting is double entry, any fraud or misuse has to be placed somewhere. Thus, some of the most dubious signs to look for would be a ballooning asset. But yet, I would too have to admit that if a company’s sole focus is on accounting fraud, it’s rather hard to catch them until they blow up. Especially when a company grows to become rather massive, many dubious accounting entries could indeed be legitimate. A plausible explanation too could come up for actual fraud entries. It’s probably also better to look at the company’s past history, to see how leadership handles failure (or if there were ever failures - it’s a warning sign for a company to never had a bad quarter) and if they would actually be conservative about their failure (by actually exaggerating their own failure and account for more possible things that can go wrong, not less. Berkshire is one such company.).
On Growth
A company ought to grow itself organically, slowly and with its own cash generated by its own operation. This ensures that they would have ample amount of time to structure their structure most efficiently. Using their own cash also ensures that the company’s fate wouldn’t be on the whim of market conditions or the fad of trends. Avoid companies that grow for the sake of growing. Even if a company has a fantastic bottom line and with terrific market share to gain, growing too fast runs into the problem of talent mismatch and the company will always have to catch up to its growth. When a company grows too fast, even if they don’t commit fraud on purpose, bloating, inefficiency and redundancy will easily be the status quo going forward and would take a tremendous amount of energy to resolve (if they ever get resolved). All these will drag down a company’s performance, even if their intrinsic merit is beyond wonderful.
The only scenario where rapid growth could be sustained is when a company’s growth doesn’t require much (if any) additional input. Software is such an industry. A software, assuming structured well in terms of their own development and is intuitive enough that doesn’t require too much of a customer education, can grow rapidly while hiring the same amount of software developers. It’s completely believable that Telegram, a messaging app that powers a huge chunk of human population, requires only 30 software engineers.
The only other scenario where rapid growth could be sustained is when a company doing the acquisition is merely a holding company and requires no synergies between its subsidiaries. A notable example would be Berkshire Hathaway, or to a lesser extent, IAC Inc or Icahn enterprises. While all three previous mentioned companies obviously have their merits, picking those companies requires hefty faith on the company’s leadership for continued success in picking the right acquisition topic (some part of me would remind myself of the famous Peter Lynch quote “Go for a business that any idiot can run – because sooner or later any idiot probably is going to be running it.”).
Some other notes from the book
On the market bubble at the time (when WorldCom was the darling of the Telecom bubble) that is evermore apparent today, emphasizes mine:
Debates about the ideal time to sell stock make for typical watercooler conversation. Some employees have even placed runners on their computer screens to monitor the stock price. While some have taken care to diversify their investments, many don’t, some even borrowing against their stock. Even though the wealth of most investors is purely theoretical until they decide to unload their stock, the “wealth effect” is quite visible. People “feel” richer, overleveraging to borrow for new homes and new investments.
Many in the younger generation, which haven’t lived through a bear market, seem to believe stocks will go up indefinitely. Quitting your job to become a day trader is the last incarnation of Jack’s magic beans. Everyone seems to know someone who knows someone supposedly making a mint day-trading. Many technology start-up employees are instant millionaires thanks to their stock ownership. In the last six months of 1999, stock in ten IPOs will jump by over a thousand percent on the first day of trading.
Last note - the author also touched on her own personal struggle of being a mother while juggling a full time, rather demanding job. Her solution was her husband became a stay-at-home dad.
March 1, 2010
Must-read for anyone in business, and especially for accountants. Also, an interesting and enjoyable read for anyone who followed with interest the WorldCom and Arthur Andersen scandals.
Cooper walks the reader step by step through the career of an accoutant and the history of WorldCom. The two stories intersect when she is hired on as head of the voracious telecom's Internal Auditor. Cooper would ultimately become the whistle-blower whose work brought the giant down.
With every turn of the page the reader is confronted by another cautionary tale. Lower-level staff pressured into violating personal ethics. Inappropriately cozy relationships between boards and executive management. Conflict of interest between analysts and the companies they cover and between auditors and the companies they audit.
For my money the very first chapter serves as a lesson to all of us. It shows how even the mightiest of scandals begins with a single step. It was amazing to see how easily someone who wouldn't for one moment consider being a part of large-scale fraud can easily find their self pressured into starting down the path that will lead to that very place.
Even though I already knew the ending, I still couldn't put it down.
Cooper walks the reader step by step through the career of an accoutant and the history of WorldCom. The two stories intersect when she is hired on as head of the voracious telecom's Internal Auditor. Cooper would ultimately become the whistle-blower whose work brought the giant down.
With every turn of the page the reader is confronted by another cautionary tale. Lower-level staff pressured into violating personal ethics. Inappropriately cozy relationships between boards and executive management. Conflict of interest between analysts and the companies they cover and between auditors and the companies they audit.
For my money the very first chapter serves as a lesson to all of us. It shows how even the mightiest of scandals begins with a single step. It was amazing to see how easily someone who wouldn't for one moment consider being a part of large-scale fraud can easily find their self pressured into starting down the path that will lead to that very place.
Even though I already knew the ending, I still couldn't put it down.
December 19, 2019
While this book was initially intended for a school extra credit report (which I didn't even do), it ended up being far more interesting than I'd ever imagined. I was afraid this book would be very dry, full of business jargon and minute financial details. Instead this book focused on the story and the people impacted by the WorldCom scandal. Cynthia Cooper is honestly an inspiration for how we should carry ourselves when surrounded by trials & tribulations. Despite the adversity she was plagued with in discovering the scandal, she stayed true to herself and the responsibilities of her job. Eventually becoming the "corporate whistleblower" who blew the lid off the whole fraudulent scheme. Her story is about more than just fraud, it's about finding a way to rise above when everything else keeps knocking you down. It's about doing what's right no matter the consequences. But most of all it's about a woman who trusted God and her family to get her through one of the toughest moments in her life. Cynthia's resolve and ability to continue to see the human in everyone, despite the illegal acts they'd done, is something we should all strive to emulate more in our lives.
June 15, 2019
I really enjoyed this inside story of the rise and fall of WorldCom. It was really well written, providing enough accounting information to give a complete picture while not taking the reader into the weeds. The resiliency and perseverance of the auditors, in the face of potentially losing their jobs, just to understand what was happening, wanting to believe the explanations of the culprits, but not willing to believe just anything. Two things really stuck with me: (1) people were convicted, even though they were following superiors' orders; and (2) the statement by the author that the fall of WorldCom wasn't caused by the fraud, or the discovery thereof (which sometimes receives the blame) but management's business decisions.
August 12, 2021
Having lived through this period in the corporate world myself and subsequently having heard the author speak, it was interesting to “read the backstory” in detail. The overall messages are numerous…the strength of well-defined personal values, holding firm to your convictions under pressure, how a toxic environment poisons individual decisions and responsibility, “trust but verify,” insights into the justice system, and more. Saddest of all is how a few individuals’ relatively infrequent lapses in judgment and integrity harmed tens of thousands, including themselves, far more than would have occurred from biting the bullet to do the right thing. A very personal narrative of perseverance, faith, integrity, and emerging without regrets.
May 1, 2021
Amazing book, it took a lot of courage, perseverance and professionalism for the author to stand her ground with the audit that led to the fraud findings. The book is well written, and even though I don't have an accounting background I found myself able to follow it quite easily. Exhilarating, took me 2 days to finish this book. Lots of lessons on corporate governance, ethics, leadership and values.
March 19, 2022
Overall it was a great book to read for someone who didn't know anything about the WorldCom scandal. It puts you in a great perspective that lets you see it from multiple angles. The only detractor for me was that sometimes it got too carried away with the technicalities and context building. I totally understand why it was there, just that sometimes it was too much and unnecessary. A great read nonetheless, especially for an accountant!
October 3, 2023
Cynthia Cooper retells the story of the Rise and Fall of WorldCom, the role she played as the whistleblower, and the consequences to herself and those who had gotten mixed in the fraud. Written like a novel, Cooper describes events in gripping detail and when tensions began to rise I found myself on the edge of my seat. I honestly didn’t expect to be so captivated in a memoir about accounting fraud.
July 12, 2024
Had to read for class again but this was definitely better than I was expecting. I thought she told the story well, fraud cases are always interesting to me. Legit can’t imagine being in her position- like having to take down a huge company in the industry. #respect And those other people who actually made the entries I cannot imagine being in their position either jeez, it’s crazy to think this is something I could actually face
July 25, 2019
I highly recommend this book to anyone pursuing a career in business and accounting! Cynthia's biography encompasses the collision between her employer and her personal values. This book exemplifies how the success of a leading company can ultimately lead to its own unfortunate demise. I give it five stars!
October 26, 2021
I have had this in my Kindle library for years. The story and knock on effects of it has played an important part of my professional career - I was so pleased to finally get around to reading it.
This is story about personal ethics, personal choices, personal greed and personal pain.
Lots of important lessons in this book and presents the classic question ‘what would you do’
This is story about personal ethics, personal choices, personal greed and personal pain.
Lots of important lessons in this book and presents the classic question ‘what would you do’
December 30, 2022
An easy read that read more like a fiction novel; that is until you remember that it’s all true. Sadly the messages in it are still ringing true today, the only difference being the type of schemes. The book offers a great reminder of how a person rationalises and justifies decisions that lead one down a slippery slope.
August 21, 2022
Wonderful story and great read for people with an accounting/finance/business background. The first 150-200 pages are so slow and probably could have been condensed to about half but stick with it because the last half was a wonderful read.
September 13, 2022
Very heavy on the personal details, but very informative on how the WorldCom fraud took place. I read this for a business ethics class and feel like a lot of pieces from my accounting career fit together better.
November 29, 2020
Hardback:
March 12, 2021
NF - Incredibly interesting, the downfall of MCI Worldcom
October 25, 2023
I didn't actually finish this book. It's not something that I am particularly interested in. I should be, but I'm not.
December 4, 2025
Yes I am a nerd but this book was so fabulous. So so good. As an accountant I was so geeked
January 28, 2016
Cynthia Cooper is the CEO of The CooperGroup, LLC, a management consulting firm that provides services in the areas of internal audit, ethics and compliance, fraud prevention and detection, board consultation and education and enterprise risk management. She now shares the lessons she has learned through her experiences with professionals and students.
Extraordinary Circumstances: The Journey of a Corporate Whistle blower is a book written by Cynthia which describes the unearthing of financial statement fraud at telecom giant WorldCom Inc., in the most riveting way. It reminds me that ethical decision-making starts in childhood in one 19s life and it starts with micro things and not the macro and larger-than-life events. Moreover, this book makes me clear that the tone set at the top is critical to fostering an ethical environment in the work-place.
In 2002, as head of the internal audit team at WorldCom Inc., she blew the whistle on what became the largest fraud in U.S. corporate history, finally touching $11 billion. Of course, the process of uncovering this fraud was demanding, treacherous and grueling. This book is good in detailing the fraud and how it happened.
Cynthia almost single-handedly created the internal audit department at WorldCom, and her book details the struggle to get management to take internal audit seriously. Extraordinary Circumstances is a provocative, moving, and intensely personal narrative from Cynthia. She tells her story in subtle, but powerful way. It is essentially a story about people and choices. It talks about character, choices, and courage. It teaches us all a lesson that in the end, life is about choices and our challenge is to choose well.
Cynthia tells us how power and money can change people, and how easy it is to rationalize, give in to fear, and bend under pressure from our supervisors. Weaving her personal and professional lives, she explains how her family (mom, dad and her spouse) supported her throughout the process. She also brings out her faith in God throughout the book and explains how biblical principles and prayer were comforting her during the time of crises in her life.
Extraordinary Circumstances is a marvelous and compelling story that carries some important lessons for internal audit professionals. Some virtues to be seen in internal auditors are being assertive in nature, having courage and conviction, heeding to intuition and hunch in the daily walks of life. Below are the certain examples from the book:
She writes, 1CI feel obligated to stick to my honest opinion 1D (pp108) when she decides to contradict with Diana with regard to selection of consultants for LDDS.
Again she writes, 1Cthat tension with management sometimes was inevitable for an internal auditor. 1D (pp115)
Her action based intuition was evident when she decides to hold a meeting with Bernie for explaining internal controls. She writes, 1CI 19ve been following Charles 19 instructions to lay low with Bernie, but the strategy isn 19t working. So I decide to go the opposite route and call a meeting of senior executives, including Bernie, to explain internal controls 26 26 26 26At this point, I have nowhere to go but up. 1D (pp118)
When she finds out financial misstatement fraud in WorldCom initially, she writes, 1CHaving to go against both Max and Scott is not something I take lightly. I respect both of them and there are likely to be repercussions. Bit as I 19ve done throughout my career, I 19m going with my intuition. Usually, it serves me well. Everything inside me, my instinct as wells as years of audit and fraud training, says go to Accounting. 1D (pp 242)
When Cynthia is desperate to call an audit committee meeting for discussing the financial misstatement fraud and when she is doubtful whether the audit committee chair Max will call for a meeting, she says to the external audit firm KPMG Partner Farrell, 1CI 19m going to get on the phone and call one myself. 1D 18You can 19t do that! 19 Farrell exclaims. 18I can and I will 19 she responds assertively. (pp 254)
True, Extraordinary Circumstances certainly could have been a much shorter book. And, it has been incoherent in connecting incidents at certain places. Yet, it is a book ringing alarm bells in our heart to value the ethics and imbibe the same in our daily walks of life.
Extraordinary Circumstances: The Journey of a Corporate Whistle blower is a book written by Cynthia which describes the unearthing of financial statement fraud at telecom giant WorldCom Inc., in the most riveting way. It reminds me that ethical decision-making starts in childhood in one 19s life and it starts with micro things and not the macro and larger-than-life events. Moreover, this book makes me clear that the tone set at the top is critical to fostering an ethical environment in the work-place.
In 2002, as head of the internal audit team at WorldCom Inc., she blew the whistle on what became the largest fraud in U.S. corporate history, finally touching $11 billion. Of course, the process of uncovering this fraud was demanding, treacherous and grueling. This book is good in detailing the fraud and how it happened.
Cynthia almost single-handedly created the internal audit department at WorldCom, and her book details the struggle to get management to take internal audit seriously. Extraordinary Circumstances is a provocative, moving, and intensely personal narrative from Cynthia. She tells her story in subtle, but powerful way. It is essentially a story about people and choices. It talks about character, choices, and courage. It teaches us all a lesson that in the end, life is about choices and our challenge is to choose well.
Cynthia tells us how power and money can change people, and how easy it is to rationalize, give in to fear, and bend under pressure from our supervisors. Weaving her personal and professional lives, she explains how her family (mom, dad and her spouse) supported her throughout the process. She also brings out her faith in God throughout the book and explains how biblical principles and prayer were comforting her during the time of crises in her life.
Extraordinary Circumstances is a marvelous and compelling story that carries some important lessons for internal audit professionals. Some virtues to be seen in internal auditors are being assertive in nature, having courage and conviction, heeding to intuition and hunch in the daily walks of life. Below are the certain examples from the book:
She writes, 1CI feel obligated to stick to my honest opinion 1D (pp108) when she decides to contradict with Diana with regard to selection of consultants for LDDS.
Again she writes, 1Cthat tension with management sometimes was inevitable for an internal auditor. 1D (pp115)
Her action based intuition was evident when she decides to hold a meeting with Bernie for explaining internal controls. She writes, 1CI 19ve been following Charles 19 instructions to lay low with Bernie, but the strategy isn 19t working. So I decide to go the opposite route and call a meeting of senior executives, including Bernie, to explain internal controls 26 26 26 26At this point, I have nowhere to go but up. 1D (pp118)
When she finds out financial misstatement fraud in WorldCom initially, she writes, 1CHaving to go against both Max and Scott is not something I take lightly. I respect both of them and there are likely to be repercussions. Bit as I 19ve done throughout my career, I 19m going with my intuition. Usually, it serves me well. Everything inside me, my instinct as wells as years of audit and fraud training, says go to Accounting. 1D (pp 242)
When Cynthia is desperate to call an audit committee meeting for discussing the financial misstatement fraud and when she is doubtful whether the audit committee chair Max will call for a meeting, she says to the external audit firm KPMG Partner Farrell, 1CI 19m going to get on the phone and call one myself. 1D 18You can 19t do that! 19 Farrell exclaims. 18I can and I will 19 she responds assertively. (pp 254)
True, Extraordinary Circumstances certainly could have been a much shorter book. And, it has been incoherent in connecting incidents at certain places. Yet, it is a book ringing alarm bells in our heart to value the ethics and imbibe the same in our daily walks of life.
June 12, 2013
I came across this book in my internal audit class, where we discussed the role of internal audit in uncovering fraud, and analyzed WorldCom as a specific example. As an aspiring auditor, I found this book very relevant to my career. The book describes how WorldCom came to be, and how fraud often begins as a small adjustment, which many believe will correct itself eventually. Apart from the accounting issues, this book highlights that people can be forced into making 'adjustments' since they are afraid of disobeying their superiors, and losing their jobs. It also delves into the lack of independence between stock analysts and the companies they cover, and how close relationships at the board level can affect the company. (For example, the board approved many risky loans taken by the former CEO, Bernie Ebbers.)
Cynthia Cooper's internal audit team discovers a few accounting entries that are credited to 'prepaid capacity'. The team has no idea what that means, and surprisingly, the employees responsible for those entries are also in the dark. This raises a red flag, but when the team takes the issue to Scott Sullivan, the CFO, they are asked to work on other matters. Moreover, when the team tries to get more details on the suspicious accounting entries, they are often intimidated and told off. However, the team does not cave in to that pressure, and they work at night in order to avoid being detected, thereby unearthing shocking details that would eventually bring WorldCom down to bankruptcy.
The book also describes Cynthia Cooper's own personal journey towards a career in auditing- choosing to major in accounting at college, the insanely long hours at public accounting, losing her job at one of the Big 4, and many years later, the challenges she faced in establishing the internal audit team at WorldCom. I admire Cynthia Cooper for her courage and perseverance. This book is an extremely inspiring read, especially for those who are keen on a career in audit.
Cynthia Cooper's internal audit team discovers a few accounting entries that are credited to 'prepaid capacity'. The team has no idea what that means, and surprisingly, the employees responsible for those entries are also in the dark. This raises a red flag, but when the team takes the issue to Scott Sullivan, the CFO, they are asked to work on other matters. Moreover, when the team tries to get more details on the suspicious accounting entries, they are often intimidated and told off. However, the team does not cave in to that pressure, and they work at night in order to avoid being detected, thereby unearthing shocking details that would eventually bring WorldCom down to bankruptcy.
The book also describes Cynthia Cooper's own personal journey towards a career in auditing- choosing to major in accounting at college, the insanely long hours at public accounting, losing her job at one of the Big 4, and many years later, the challenges she faced in establishing the internal audit team at WorldCom. I admire Cynthia Cooper for her courage and perseverance. This book is an extremely inspiring read, especially for those who are keen on a career in audit.
May 7, 2012
Cynthia Cooper the former vice president of internal audit at WorldCom and the person who uncovered the fraud that led to one of the largest bankruptcy in US History tells her story in this autobiography. The biography takes you through Cynthia’s early life growing up in Mississippi not far from where WorldCom would be headquartered. It also takes you through her early days of working audit and for those who have been or no anyone has been an auditor at one of the big firms the misery is confirmed through her telling of the work there. The real reason that everyone wants to read this book gets to quickly and that is the meteoric rise of WorldCom and the discovery of the fraud the company was perpetuating. It was a fraud that Cooper paints as coming out of desperation and not as planned as the Enron fraud. It was a fraud however that the accounts were coerced and gave into pressure from management to commit and continued to go along with it until Cooper’s internal audit division turned up the impropriety. This books gives us a fascinating look into the closed doors of WorldCom and looks at how the company came apart at the seems in its final days. Cooper also spends a lot of time on what happened to her as a corporate whistleblower and how it changed her life. It is a multifaceted book with an important story. It is not for the casual reader who wants to learn about WorldCom and you do need a serious interest in business since she goes into very detailed accounts of the company’s growth strategy, management practices, internal audits, and the details of the demise. Overall though an interesting book and one that a multitude of business lessons can be learned form.
August 3, 2011
I'm pretty sure this would be a pretty dry read for anyone that isn't an auditor or didn't work for Worldcom. I happened to work for Worldcom and worked directly with a few members of Cynthia's team, which made reading this book somewhat surreal. I think she does a great job at outlining the history of Worldcom, how she came to her position there, and the events leading to the fall of Worldcom. As other reviews have said, I think it's easy to just skip through some of the irrelevant details of her personal life but the book remains 80-90% substance. I was fairly surprised at how gripping the story was and I would definitely recommend to auditors or Worldcom alums.
August 14, 2012
Whenever I read one of these types of books that detail the inner workings of a corporation, I am astounded at the lack of moral compass that seems to permeate the higher echelon of management. Her personal story was a bit boring, but she provides a rare insider's glimpse into the spectacular rise and fall of WorldCom, a telecom titan. It was an honest account that doesn't paint an easy black and white picture evil corporate management, but shows that in the end, we are all subject to human failings. Some just fail in astoundingly large amounts.
October 5, 2012
This book was a good story. It was not particularly well-written and could have used some additional editing to remove the platitudes. But the storyline is good and the pacing from 20 to 80 is excellent. Also, it's a great general explanation of auditing and was helpful to read as I'm taking an accounting class. She is very humble and likable so that's nice too. I recommend to anyone interested in accounting, corporate fraud, or memoirs by not-very-famous people.
January 5, 2013
Cynthia Cooper was one of the Worldcom employees who discovered massive fraud,and forced the company to deal with the issue. She and her colleagues were courageous, dogged, and thorough.
Her book describes the rise, fraud, and fall of the Worldcom empire, in parallel with her own education and career. The later chapters share really valuable insights into choices that individuals make in difficult circumstances.
Her book describes the rise, fraud, and fall of the Worldcom empire, in parallel with her own education and career. The later chapters share really valuable insights into choices that individuals make in difficult circumstances.
March 24, 2008
Tale of Cynthia Cooper, Internal Auditor at WorldCom, who blew the whistle on CEO Bernie Ebbers and CFO Scott Sullivan. Her story from early childhood to testifying. I admired her courage and enjoyed reading the behind-the-scenes information she gave. Gets a little long at the end but still worth reading.
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