Thesis: the secret to becoming a pro cyclist is to follow the guidelines of the book & the suggestions in the book are as follows:
1. Cycling, like any other sport, is about mind over body.. the first thing that an athlete needs to develop are: a) tenacity -- the ability to not give up when the body really to give up b) discipline -- no matter what, a good athlete needs to discipline on what they are eating, sleeping, and working out.,
1.1. Motivation is a major aspect of training as well though this has to come from the athlete and not from the coach. Right now, I have two goals: a) compete at the race in June for a distance of 64 miles with an average time of 14-15 mph b) lose 25 lbs/ at around 20% body fat c) bring the heart-rate when resting to close to 45 bpm & 85 bpm when walking.
2. Recruit people who will help with the journey and this can be: a) personal trainer or b) a training plan put together using a generic stuff on the internet.
3. Progressive overload: over time, the fitness level of the cyclist should be increasing either the time or intensity (usually measured by the heart-rate) of the workout. It's important to know what the goal of the ride before even getting a single stroke; the goal of the ride can be to go hard, enjoy the ride, or recovery ride. The frequency of the ride can be based on the fitness level (for instance, 3 lifting and 4 bike rides a week will have a frequency of 7). Over time, when the fitness goes up, the time required to recover from each workout will be lesser. Taking a day off for recovery is needed. Though going for week(s) without will drop the fitness level.
4. There are certain things that are markers that can be used to determine that amount of progress a cyclist is making.. a) FTP (functional threshold power), the power that you can sustain for an hour without running out of energy to do it. Zwift has the test that can be taken, an improvement in the FTP can be used to determine the progress that is being made throughout the year. b) from the FTP, lactate threshold HR can be determined from which, the HR zones can be determined
5. There are only three metrics that can be used for endurance fitness: a) aerobic capacity (VO2 max) -- ability to use oxygen as fuel; the measure of how much oxygen the heart pumps to the muscle is the "stroke volume", b) lactate threshold and c) economy -- measure of how efficiently the oxygen inhaled is used as fuel for power. To increase VO2 max, reduce weight, more endurance training, and incorporate HIIT trainings where you are your VO2 max.
6. There are 6 abilities to train: a) aerobic endurance (zone2) b) muscular force c) speed skills d) muscular endurance e) anerobic endurance (zone4) f) muscular power. The basic philosophy that Friel endorses is that, the closer you get to the race, train like you are in the race. For instance, is it going to be hot during the race, then train in the heat longer. As you get closer to the race, train with other folks in a group ride. Determine what the limiters are for you. What is a limiter? Anything that prevents you from achieving your goal. Limiters are also determined by the type of race & course you are competing in. If the course will have mountains, then train with more mountains & lose weight to make sure you can climb. Overall, to be a good climber, it is essential for you to lose weight and improve muscular strength. During the base of the training, focus on a) - c) & d) - f).
7. Periodization: there are two methods of periodization: a) linear b) reverse. In the linear periodization model, the base building is where the duration is high, but the intensity is low. There is no such thing as too much base building. The base period training is done at the very beginning of the race season (typically Winter) and as we get closer to the race, the intensity goes up to resemble the conditions during the race. Reverse model is more appropriate for people like me where there is 6 months of the year when I can't train outdoors due to heavy winters. In the reverse model, the base period is done closer to the race (typically Summer). In the winter, focus on the intense part of the training. It is also important to have a lifting plan during the entire year. A general rule for lifting is that you don't want to go hard on both lifting and riding at the same time. During the base period, first start with a couple of weeks of lifting with lighter weights to master the form/ movement of any given lift and the proceed to progressive increase of weights for a couple more weeks (focused on muscle strength). During the season, either settle for maintenance lifting or no lifting at all. Finally, it is also important to have an annual TSS score (highly encouraged measure) so each week have specific TSS goals.
8. Stress: An important rule of training is to flirt with over- training but not being over- trained. There is a difference between being over- reaching and over- training. Over- reaching is when you are feeling a little fatigued, but not losing the motivation to go out and train. Over- training is when there's extreme fatigue and feeling of tiredness that lasts for a couple of days.
9. Recovery: Fitness come not from the hard workouts per say, but from the recovery days that follow it. It might be a good idea to learn to chart, on a scale of 1 to 10, how much tired you are after every session of ride. Recovery can either be passive or active. Active recovery is when you bike super slowly for recover & passive recovery is when you completely take a couple of days from training. Recovery is mandatory after every ride and after every training block (2-3 weeks). FTP tests should be taken right after the recovery of a training block. How long should the recovery after a training block be? Usually, 3-5 days. After every workout, take at least 25g of protein. It can be a protein drink or it could be just a few hard-boiled eggs.
10. Sleep and food also contribute to recovery. It is important to sleep enough to recover from a ride. Running low on sleep will hurt recovery. Diet is also crucial for recovery. Keeping yourself hydrated is super important. It's paramount to avoid frequent ultra-processed food, if you want to recover well. Eating real food helps to recover fast and well. Real food has vitamins and minerals that are crucial for recovering that are not available in junk food.
11. Tapering: An important thing to do before the race is to taper. Tapering is the process of reducing the load of training in the 2-3 weeks prior to the race. The reason this is important is because, the gain in fitness is acquired before the race and so the rest period before the race will allow for acquiring form.
12. Strength training: The recommendation for cyclists is to focus on movements that mimic the pedaling of the bike. Training the triceps is not going to make you a better cyclist. If you have the time to work on other muscle groups, you are welcome to do that, but as a general rule, focus on the major muscle group that are recruited during pedaling. A simple way to accomplish this is to do the 5 compound workouts. Working on the core is extremely important to prevent lower back injuries. The second set of workouts that need to be focused on are the stability exercises. If the core is not strong, then you will use the secondary muscles during biking leading to inefficiencies.
13. Keep a diary. A diary is not a log. What is the difference between the two? A log is merely numbers related to the workout. A diary includes notes on things like the RPE, weather condition, slight abnormalities, workout pace, etc. A diary will allow to analyze progress and understand what works and what does not work. If there is a plateau, it most like because of inconsistencies in following the laid out plan. The other reason for plateau could be because of too densely arranged workout. This is the end of the summary of the book. I will use these principles to train myself!