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353 pages, Hardcover
First published March 18, 2004
"Although analytic therapists may hope to be ultimately assimilated by their patients as “new objects”—that is, as internal voices that differ significantly from those of people by whom their clients have felt damaged—they appreciate the fact that, because of the stability and tenacity of unconscious assumptions, they will inevitably be experienced as old ones. They consequently expect to have to absorb strong negative affects associated with painful early experiences and to help the client understand such reactions in order to move past them and learn something new that penetrates to the level of unconscious schemas. Most people in the psychoanalytic community have been struck by the wisdom in Jay Greenberg’s (1986) observation that if the therapist is not taken in as a new, good love object, the treatment never really takes off, but if the therapist is not also experienced as the old bad one, the treatment may never end (see Stark’s [1999] fascinating reflections on this therapeutic tension)."
"Very often, the kind of change that the client originally envisioned is not the kind that occurs, only because what does occur is something the client could not have initially imagined. To move into areas that are emotionally new, the client must proceed on a kind of borrowed faith. If the practitioner proceeds with integrity, the client will eventually feel trust in the therapist as a person; the therapist, meanwhile, exemplifies faith in the client, the partnership, and the process. A woman coming to treatment may want to learn how to relieve a depression and instead learns to express previously unformulated feelings, to negotiate for herself in relationships, to identify the situations in which she is likely to feel depressed, to understand the connections between those situations and her unique history, to appreciate her tendency to blame herself for things that are outside her control, to take control over things that had previously seemed impervious to her influence, and to comfort herself instead of berating herself when she is upset. As the therapeutic process evolves, she gradually loses all the vegetative, affective, and cognitive symptoms of depressive illness. But more important, even though before the therapy she may have enjoyed long periods of freedom from diagnosable clinical depression and thus could conceive of feeling better, she could not have imagined the depth of authentic feeling that is now becoming a reliable feature of her emotional landscape."
"Fortunately for all of us, there is no evidence that one has to be a paragon of mental health (or any kind of paragon) to help people psychologically. To train an athlete, a coach does not have to be a superior athlete; similarly, to help a client, a therapist does not have to be more mature or normal or satisfied in life. In fact, it is arguable that, as Greenson (1967) observed, one is a better therapist for having suffered some significant emotional troubles. A clinician without an experiential reference for psychological suffering risks feeling insufficiently empathic with clients."
"As many practitioners have noted, money is a critical aspect of therapy. It is the means by which the two participants have a kind of moral equality, a genuine reciprocity. The therapist takes care of the patient emotionally; the patient takes care of the therapist financially. Because the therapist is getting paid by the patient, there is no other way in which the patient is expected to take care of the therapist. When the therapist accepts a given fee, the message is that this amount of money will be considered an even exchange for his or her professional services. Not collecting a fee damages this straightforward equivalence, creating an imbalance in the dyad whereby the patient is essentially being exploitive. Collecting anything in addition to a fee (stock tips, expensive gifts, special services) tips the scales of the relationship in the opposite direction: The therapist is being exploitive."
"Throughout treatment, but especially in the beginning, whenever shame emerges, addressing and reducing it are high-priority matters. I have known several individuals who have learned a lot about their dynamics in psychotherapy but who seem to remain deeply ashamed of them. Self-knowledge is one goal of psychoanalytic treatment, but a more profound goal is self-acceptance. The more one accepts aspects of the self that have been seen as shameful, the less one is controlled by them."
"Crimes have to be acknowledged before they can be forgiven."
"A good yardstick for whether one is being true to one’s values is to imagine describing specific actions to an admired colleague. If it is hard to imagine telling him or her what happened in the consulting room, there is probably something questionable in one’s behavior."