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共产党宣言

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《共产党宣言》是马克思和恩格斯为共产主义者同盟起草的纲领,全文贯穿马克思主义的历史观,马克思主义诞生的重要标志。由马克思执笔写成 。1848年2月21日在伦敦第一次以单行本问世。2月24日,《共产党宣言》正式出版。

82 pages, Paperback

Published August 1, 1997

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About the author

Karl Marx

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With the help of Friedrich Engels, German philosopher and revolutionary Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867-1894), works, which explain historical development in terms of the interaction of contradictory economic forces, form many regimes, and profoundly influenced the social sciences.

German social theorist Friedrich Engels collaborated with Karl Marx on The Communist Manifesto in 1848 and on numerous other works.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin in London opposed Communism of Karl Marx with his antithetical anarchy.

Works of Jacques Martin Barzun include Darwin, Marx, Wagner (1941).

The Prussian kingdom introduced a prohibition on Jews, practicing law; in response, a man converted to Protestantism and shortly afterward fathered Karl Marx.

Marx began co-operating with Bruno Bauer on editing Philosophy of Religion of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (see Democritus and Epicurus), doctoral thesis, also engaged Marx, who completed it in 1841. People described the controversial essay as "a daring and original piece... in which Marx set out to show that theology must yield to the superior wisdom." Marx decided to submit his thesis not to the particularly conservative professors at the University of Berlin but instead to the more liberal faculty of University of Jena, which for his contributed key theory awarded his Philosophiae Doctor in April 1841. Marx and Bauer, both atheists, in March 1841 began plans for a journal, entitled Archiv des Atheismus (Atheistic Archives), which never came to fruition.

Marx edited the newspaper Vorwärts! in 1844 in Paris. The urging of the Prussian government from France banished and expelled Marx in absentia; he then studied in Brussels. He joined the league in 1847 and published.

Marx participated the failure of 1848 and afterward eventually wound in London. Marx, a foreigner, corresponded for several publications of United States.
He came in three volumes. Marx organized the International and the social democratic party.

Marx in a letter to C. Schmidt once quipped, "All I know is that I am not a Marxist," as Warren Allen Smith related in Who's Who in Hell .

People describe Marx, who most figured among humans. They typically cite Marx with Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, the principal modern architects.

Bertrand Russell later remarked of non-religious Marx, "His belief that there is a cosmic ... called dialectical materialism, which governs ... independently of human volitions, is mere mythology" ( Portraits from Memory , 1956).

More: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marx/
http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bi...
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/...
http://www.historyguide.org/intellect...
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic...
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/...
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/t...

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Profile Image for Ming Kahnawake.
131 reviews2 followers
May 1, 2024
宣言虽然由两个人执笔,想法却是马克思一个人的。它的思想洞见无需多说。宣言提出十条国家改革措施,最后一条:“最先进的国家几乎都可以采取下面的措施:1、剥夺地产,把地租用于国家支出。2、征收高额累进税。3、废除继承权。4、没收一切流亡分子和叛乱分子的财产。5、通过拥有国家资本和独享垄断权的国家银行,把信贷集中在国家手里。6、把全部运输业集中在国家的手里。7、按照总的计划增加国家工厂和生产工具,开垦荒地和改良土壤。8、实行普遍劳动义务制,成立产业军,特别是在农业方面。9、把农业和工业结合起来,促使城乡对立逐步消灭。10、对所有儿童实行公共的和免费的教育。取消现在这种形式的儿童的工厂劳动。把教育同物质生产结合起来,等等。”在那个时代是具有对资本主义摧枯拉朽的力量。一个半世纪后的今天。这些措施很多、而且是在两种社会体系中都有部分得以实施。我们由机会看到这些措施的结果,也有机会反思在不同社会体制下对无产阶级产生的不同影响。
人所处在的环境越恶劣,人的梦想就越高,我认为,我也是一种心理平衡机制。共产主义的公平社会理想的产生恰恰由于工人阶级身处最卑微、被剥削最多的时刻。没有什么能失去的时候,人就会设立一个美妙的将来病为之奋斗。共产主义没有像基督教那样让人无限忍耐,它让人奋起反抗不公,这就是它的伟大之处。不过马克思很早就发现了那些形形色色的社会主义者的问题。““德国的社会主义者给自己的那几条干瘪的“永恒真理”披上一件用思辨的蛛丝织成的、绣满华丽辞藻的花朵和浸透甜情蜜意的甘露的外衣,这件光彩夺目的外衣只是使他们的货物在这些顾客中间增加销路罢了。”后来他也明确声明他不是马克思主义者。
“一个幽灵,共产主义的幽灵,在欧洲游荡。”后来,这个幽灵席卷了大半个世界,来到了中国。由于它以及全世界工人阶级的抗争,我们最终争取到了每周八小时工作制。1890年五月一日——我们为之纪念的一天。如今,为了这宝贵的一天假期,我们需要牺牲两天周末来拼凑假期,而且996已经成为常态。想想真是叹息。
Profile Image for 汪先生.
403 reviews53 followers
November 18, 2021
2015-03-10 15:26:59
充满激情而理性的共产主义读物,马克思的经典产物,专业知识十分到位。当年在瑶湖图书馆藏有97年的这个版本,尽管破旧,但很是完整。
68 reviews1 follower
July 22, 2025
至今一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史。
“你们的观念本身是资产阶级等生产关系喝所有制关系的产物,而这种意志的内容是由你们这个阶级的物质条件决定的”
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