In one of the most desperate hours of the Revolutionary War on August 29, 1776, the soldiers of General George Washington’s Continental Army were trapped in their final line of fortifications on Long Island, in present-day Brooklyn, with their backs to New York’s East River. Just weeks after declaring independence from Great Britain, it now looked like the American dream would vanish before it could even get started as the British were on the verge of cutting Washington’s forces off from escape. To save his army, the Revolution, and a hopeful future bound by liberty and equality for unborn millions, General Washington would turn to the soldier-mariners of Colonel John Glover’s regiment from Marblehead, Massachusetts.
One day earlier, the men of the Marblehead Regiment were rowed over to reinforce Washington’s beleaguered troops on Long Island. “It was evident that this small reinforcement, inspired no inconsiderable degree of confidence,” according to an observer. “The faces that had been saddened by the disasters of yesterday, assumed the gleam of animation, on our approach; accompanied with a murmur of approbation in the spectators occasionally greeting each other with the remark, that ‘these were the lads that might do something.’”
Why did these men from Marblehead inspire so much confidence? In "The Indispensables," an outstanding narrative history of the Marblehead Regiment, historian Patrick K. O’Donnell explains that these Marbleheaders exuded toughness and tenacity forged by fishing some of the most treacherous waters in the world. As O’Donnell puts it, “Men fought against the sea to wrest their living from it with little more than determination and their bare hands.”
Among their ranks, the Marbleheaders counted many members from the same family, including fathers and their sons, brothers, cousins, and best friends. African American, Native American, and Hispanic soldier-mariners also served in the outfit, making the Marblehead Regiment “one of the first and most diverse regiments in the colonies, and later, the army,” according to O’Donnell. Regardless of their origins, these men all stood together in a unit united by their dedication to their common country. As O’Donnell writes, “The regiment was truly a family with deep ties of blood and friendship, a latter-day band of brothers trained for war.”
On the afternoon of August 29, General Washington and his commanders unanimously agreed that the army must evacuate Long Island and cross the East River over to New York City before the British could seal off their escape. To transport the army across that river, Washington placed his trust in Colonel Glover and the men of the Marblehead Regiment. Their task was one filled with monumental difficulty. As one of Washington’s officers put it, “To move so large a body of troops, with all their necessary appendages across a river a full mile wide, with a rapid current in the face of a victorious well-disciplined army, nearly three times as numerous as his own, and a fleet capable of stopping the navigation, so that not one boat could have passed over, seemed to present most formidable obstacles.”
Carrying the fate of the American cause on their oars, the Marbleheaders ultimately overcame the daunting challenges before them, working tirelessly throughout the night and evacuating 9,000 soldiers across the river to safety after nine hours of sweat and toil. Assisted by a heavy fog that concealed the evacuation from the British just as day was breaking, the occurrence of which many attributed to the hand of God, remarkably, not a life was lost during the escape from Long Island.
Through their mastery of the water as mariners and their spines of steel as soldiers, the men of the Marblehead Regiment saved the Continental Army and the American cause from ruin at Long Island. It was far from the last time that the unit would play a pivotal role in the army’s affairs. In what was truly the darkest moment of the war in late December 1776, Colonel Glover and his men spearheaded the effort to transport General Washington and over two thousand of his ragtag soldiers across the ice-chocked Delaware River during a severe winter storm on Christmas night 1776. Their skilled navigation of the treacherous Delaware and their further contributions during the ensuing Battle of Trenton helped secure a transformative victory; a triumph that helped save the American cause at a time when the British seemed to be on the cusp of victory in the Revolutionary War. Through their heroism in these pivotal moments, the men of of the Marblehead Regiment played an indispensable role along the long road that ultimately led to America securing her freedom as an independent nation. As O’Donnell wisely concludes, the soldier-mariners from Marblehead “were the right men at the right time in history.”