main things I have learned:
leadership is about seeking constructive change while management is about establishing order.
main traits: intelligence (language skills, reasoning, perception), confidence (comes with practice), charisma (inspire and articulate clear goals), determination (drive, persistence, proactive, initiative), sociability (friendly, kind, thoughtful), integrity (loyal, trustworthiness, transparent).
positive psychology focuses on individuals' strengths and now flaws.
talent +
investment (time spent practicing)
=
strength
theory x, y and z.
authoritarian, democratic and laissez-faire styles.
creating a vision: picture, change, values, map, challenge.
constructive climate: providing structure, clarifying norms, building cohesiveness, promoting standards.
constructive feedback: address behaviour, describe specifically what you have observed, use I language, calm, unemotional language, check to ensure clear communication occurred and solicit feedback.
Inclusion- a process of incorporation differing ppl into a group.
Assimilation - one American culture.
Listening to out-group members: listen, showing empathy, recognize unique contributions, help-out feel included, create special relationships, give them a voice and empower to act.
Conflicts often have positive change.
path-goal leader - directly addresses how a leader can assist in overcoming obstacles that hinder productivity. Help define goals and paths to reach the goals. Navigate around the obstacle on remove them overall.
A leader must make the goals clear and understandable.
GPS system (Betsy Hart 2005) - be calm and direct followers, not critical directions. Be corrected in a kind manner. Helpful, not judgmental.
Low motivation - path goal leadership incorporates expectancy theory - when lead to an outcome.
1. Feel competent - letting ppl know they are competent is the first step toward motivation them.
2. Explain that the reward will likely happen. Mutual understanding of the
expected outcome.
3. Help other value what they do. Monetary rewards, positive personal feedback, achievement rewards.
Directive leaders - when the task is complex. Give other directions of when and how. Setting clear standards and making rules and regulations.
Supportive style - human connection, social support. Encouraging others when they are engaged in tasks that are boring and unchallenging.
Low involvement - participative style - invite others to share in the ways and mends of getting things done.
Lack of challenge - achievement oriented leader - challenge other to excel and push ppl to higher level of success. Sets standards of excellence.