First of all, there are much better reviews of this book on here than I could possibly offer. This was sort of a “that book looks interesting and is on a subject I am relatively unfamiliar with so I should check it out” read.
Well, it is interesting and if you are interested in economics, neoliberalism, socialism and human rights, you might want to check it out too.
Perhaps the best thing I can say about this book is that Whyte offers a well-researched and detailed work that is readable and interesting. There are plenty of footnotes and lots of depth; this is clearly academic. But it is not dry or only for an academic audience. Its good for anyone.
The basic point is that neoliberals throughout the 20th century managed to define and utilize human rights in such a way as to achieve their desires. Whyte argues against the idea that neoliberalism saw the decline of rights. Instead, as she writes on p.228:
“Neoliberals had their own distinctive account of ‘economic rights.’ These were not the rights to food, clothing, housing and education enshrined in the UDHR, which sought to offer some protection from market forces. On the contrary, neoliberal ‘economic rights’ sought to protect the market freedom of private capital.”
She returns to that point again and again, and it is super relevant! If you have ever heard someone argue that government programs to promote equality or to provide food and housing are an attack on your RIGHTS, will this is where that idea comes from. Neoliberals managed to elevate the right of markets and private persons in those markets to make money above any and all other rights. Any effort to redistribute wealth is then seen as potential totalitarianism!
Of course, there’s some racism sprinkled in too: Third World countries are poor because they didn’t work hard enough. What is especially interesting is how Whyte shows that humans rights organizations have accepted this neoliberal definition, so they may criticize a country’s political acts of violence against its own citizens but rarely the economic structures that surround the politics.
For neoliberals, “compatibility with the competitive market was the criterion by which all rights and institutions were to be judged” (240). Every other right bows to and is secondary to the right of markets and competition. To question that, well, you’re a socialist.
I guess I’m a socialist.
I said above I rarely read books like this. I tend to read theology (and fantasy!). What’s interesting to me, from a Christian perspective, working in ministry and being in church, is how anti-Christian this neoliberal view of rights is. Yet, to most Christians in America (I can’t speak for elsewhere) it is just assumed this view of rights and unfettered capitalism is obviously Christian. I am always looking for overlap in what I read, and I think this just reminds me that many of what people think are “Christian” values are certainly not. We who are Christians ought to listen to Christians in rest of the world who may question the neoliberal version of rights. Because, maybe they’re right (see what I did there?).
Anyway, if you’ve read this far, wow! I said there were better reviews than mine. Thanks for reading!