Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer wrote the central text of “critical theory”, Dialectic of Enlightenment , a measured critique of the Enlightenment reason that, they argued, had resulted in fascism and totalitarianism.
Towards a New Manifesto shows the two philosophers in a uniquely spirited and free-flowing exchange of ideas. This book is a record of their discussions over three weeks in the spring of 1956, recorded with a view to the production of a contemporary version of The Communist Manifesto . A philosophical jam-session in which the two thinkers improvise freely, often wildly, on central themes of their work—theory and practice, labor and leisure, domination and freedom—in a political register found nowhere else in their writing. Amid a careening flux of arguments, aphorisms and asides, in which the trenchant alternates with the reckless, the playful with the ingenuous, positions are swapped and contradictions unheeded, without any compulsion for consistency.
A thrilling example of philosophy in action and a compelling map of a possible passage to a new world.
Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno was one of the most important philosophers and social critics in Germany after World War II. Although less well known among anglophone philosophers than his contemporary Hans-Georg Gadamer, Adorno had even greater influence on scholars and intellectuals in postwar Germany. In the 1960s he was the most prominent challenger to both Sir Karl Popper's philosophy of science and Martin Heidegger's philosophy of existence. Jürgen Habermas, Germany's foremost social philosopher after 1970, was Adorno's student and assistant. The scope of Adorno's influence stems from the interdisciplinary character of his research and of the Frankfurt School to which he belonged. It also stems from the thoroughness with which he examined Western philosophical traditions, especially from Kant onward, and the radicalness to his critique of contemporary Western society. He was a seminal social philosopher and a leading member of the first generation of Critical Theory.
Unreliable translations hampered the initial reception of Adorno's published work in English speaking countries. Since the 1990s, however, better translations have appeared, along with newly translated lectures and other posthumous works that are still being published. These materials not only facilitate an emerging assessment of his work in epistemology and ethics but also strengthen an already advanced reception of his work in aesthetics and cultural theory.
A total money grab on Verso's part (~100 small pages with very large text and tons of whitespace) but it's helpful for my reading challenge so I can't really complain.
Another reviewer mentions that this text is like a modern leftwing platonic dialogue. That's a slick insight--and it seems that it's a dialogue with two persons in the Socrates role, talking to each other from slightly different perspectives, maybe Horkheimer is a Socrates surly about his impending decease, whereas Adorno is a younger, slightly less pessimistic Socrates, maybe just before his trial. The important thing to remember here is that neither fills the role of the regular platonist chump who clocks in just to repeat Yes, Socrates or But of course Socrates or Whatever you say, Socrates.
The text is very likely hypomneumata, but so is anything listed with a title that is 'Toward' something else. Overall, a number of cool insights, but nothing spectacular.
People who complain that this book is "incoherent" are missing the point. If you are reading this with the hope of learning the philosophy of Adorno or Horkheimer in a total of 128 pages, you're in the wrong place, and probably have the wrong idea about philosophy altogether. If, however, you already know both of these figures and their philosophical positions well, you will find this book to be a delightful little gem. Sneak into a few unstructured conversations between two of the most brilliant minds of the 20th century, and feast your eyes on the wonders of words.
این کتاب حکم زیرپوش رونالدو را دارد؛ شاید بازیکن تکنیکی و خوبی باشد، اما قرار نیست هر چیز مرتبط با او ارزشمند باشد. گفتگوی خودمانی آدورنو و هورکهایمر که در هیچ مبحثی به نتیجه نمیرسد و به خود زحمت دلیلآوری نمیدهند. اظهارنظرهای حرصدرآور و ابتر. معلوم نیست چرا زن آدرونو فکر کرده حرفهای بین صبحانهایِ این رفیقان قدیمی، ارزش نگاریدن دارد. بحث عمدهی آنها دربارهی پایان کار است و غرولند که آدمها ایدئولوژیکزده شدهاند که فکر میکنند کار برایشان خوب است و لذتبخش. مورد دیگر، نسبت نظریه و عمل است - که مؤخرهی مترجم بهتر عمل میکند در توضیح. از نظر آدرنوی طرفدار نظریه، فاصلهی نظریه تا پراکسیس نباید بدون واسطه باشد، چون در آن صورت دستوری میشود (مثل مورد شوروی). وحدت نظریه و عمل، به ایدهآلیسم میغلتد و ایدهآلیسم هم به خشونت منتج میشود. چون دیگر نظریهای نیست که بتواند عمل را نقد کند. چاره در خودآیینی نظریه است. یعنی چه؟ کار در جامعهی سرمایهداری فقط با ارزشمبادله تعریف میشود. حالا هنر یا عشق را در نظر بگیرید، که بدون هدف و سود هستند (البته مادامی که کالایی نشده باشند). چنین پراکسیسهایی، فارغ از ارزش مبادله و تولید ارزش اضافی هستند و بنابراین خودآیین.
A gift from a friend made the content all more enthralling. A beautiful socratic dialogue that explores a possibility of socialism in a world outside of Marx’s context. Various expose’s on the post-war milieu , as well as gripping discussions on the theory-practice dichotomy. A must read to all contemporary marxist thinkers.
A quick and, for Adorno and Horkenheimer, a surprisingly light read.
It’s not really a book per se. More of a notebook: an outline, a prologue, or a sketch for a book that they would have written and did not get around to. It is accessible, if too brief. It would have benefitted from them fleshing it out in the full book they were planning.
With that said, it is helpful--like Adorno’s lectures--to peer into the content of his thought without the protective layer of his written form. The candid nature of the dialogue supposes on the part of the reader, as eavesdropper, familiarity with Adorno, Horkenheimer, and their respective places within the Left. This work depicts them navigating that landscape of the Left, Old Left, and the then nascent New Left.
On various points Horkenheimer calls Adorno out on the less than practical aspects of his theory and approach to practice. This is a standing criticism of Adorno, and was evident in his approach to the 1960s student movements in campuses across Germany, France, and the US - Marcuse became a godfather and guru for students in the New Left, Adorno remained standoffish to student protests.
This is not the work to get acquainted with Adorno or to gain access to his system. However if you are already versed in his thought and the Frankfurt school it is a fine place to gain candid insight into his notoriously rigorous system.
The material covered is much that Marcuse would later cover in One Dimensional Man. It pairs well with it, as Adorno’s system was more elaborate and stands the test of time better than Marcuse’s.
"Where there is no link to practice, thinking is no different from anything else one happens to enjoy."
Two 'arm chair' Marxists in rare practical form. The tenor of these discussions is one of both urgency and despair. Interesting discussions on the significance of utopia for critical thought; on abstract thinking as a form of practice; on the bourgeois cult of work and the need to rethink the concept of labor and human activity; on the question of why some people are so passionate about riding motorcycles, and many other things. The prescient discussion of what to do and how to think in the absence of a genuine communist party (although God knows what a genuine party would look like for these two) is a central theme that runs throughout the book. It is both fascinating and bewildering. Read it and learn why "eating roast goose is not the same thing as doing theory."
Really great ideas here. Went into it liking adorno more than horkheimer and the conversation really made me enjoy horkheimer more. He really kept adorno in line. Fun one!
'Precisely because of its exceptional status, theory is a kind of stand-in for happiness. The happiness that would be brought about by practice finds no correlative in today’s world apart from the behaviour of the man who sits in a chair and thinks.'
Adorno wirft mit triviale Allgemeinposten um sich & Horkheimer hätte lieber nochmal seinen Marx auffrischen sollen bzw. weniger über „die Russen“ schimpfen. (Oder doch lieber gleich Marcuses Buch zum Soviet Marxismus lesen?)
Wie so oft mit solchen „Vorarbeiten“ - irgendwie „entzaubernd“
This is a really valuable peep into the thinking of Adorno and Horkheimer as they attempt to formulate a "strictly Leninist manifesto" which can change and remove present bourgeois capitalist society. For Horkheimer especially, however, one cannot simply discredit society as it currently exists nor can one use "revolutionary" means in a fundamentally "non-revolutionary" milieu. In this Adorno and Horkheimer seem to show the most disagreement, Adorno viewing Marx in many ways as a model who wrote his revolutionary works without becoming a "sectarian". This dispute forms itself very much in the ways in which the two thinkers conceive of "theory" and "practice" (and to what extent this is a valid dichotomy, both thinkers wedded to the notion that theory has to be practical otherwise it is "bad theory"). It struck me that Horkheimer was far more willing to tie himself to using 'non-revolutionary' means and toning down radicalism, on the delicate knife-edge of not being a 'reformist', than Adorno who seemed more paralysed by the whole notion of engaging with society at the present.
They both propose really intriguing Frankfurt School critiques, as it were, of Marx himself believing that he had a simplistic view of human nature as fundamentally identical in each person with only the need to eliminate the "evil" element generated by bourgeois society; Horkheimer and Adorno both reject this view in favour of Lenin who they argue is the more faithful to dialectical materialism in his acknowledgement of subjectivity and the idea that humanity is pierced all the way through their consciousness by society.
Their discussion of labour is one of the other main central themes here, as it was of course for Marx, and they are both fascinated as to how to approach the man who loves to build a motorcycle for the thrill of riding it (a really mimetic and vivid image which captures the subtlety of modern labour). They very much seem undecided on the question and it is very interesting to read as this subject gets continually discussed by the two thinkers.
Overall, this is an interesting exposition of the two leading proponents of the Frankfurt School (Horkheimer and Adorno) engaged in the dialectical process. They very much assume familiarity with their terms and way of thinking, echoing the fact that these were personal conversations noted down by a scribe. They also cite a rich context of Western thought from Plato and Aristotle, through to Heidegger, Kant, and what they see as the tension between Christ and St. Paul over labour. To whatever extent you agree or disagree with the Frankfurt School's critical theory this is nevertheless a fascinating text by two key thinkers in 20th Century Western thought.
Succinctly brilliant! The discussions between Adorno and Horkheimer, which take up most of the text, are intriguing in their complex simplicities. One simply must read more of the writings of both men to fully grasp, or attempt to anyway, their modes of thought, reasoning, and engagement. The amazing final two essays make this book worth its weight in whatever material one finds valuable. Seriously. 'Theses on Need' (Adorno) and 'On the Problem of Needs' (Horkheimer) are two of the best explanations, evaluations, and critiques of capitalism I have read in a while. Quite fantastic that in so few pages each man could show the follies of capitalism so clearly and savagely. I will be happily reading this to anyone spouting lies about the social, political, and economic benefits of capitalism for sure! A book that shows a less academic side of Adorno and Horkheimer, while laying bare their respect for their academic differences and points of debate.
Shall I aspire to be influential and so dominating of my spouse that they transcribe my drunk rants with my BFF, a bunch of scattered unjustified sentences like "the USA is the country of argument," and then we publish them? Is that peak "life of theory"? "Not so different from fatted geese", indeed.
To be clear: I still read and loved this book because I do actually aspire to this sort of a life, and I want there to be a market for my own unsober half-baked theory ramblings. But it is not actually toward a manifesto, or a manifesto. It is the gesture of an argument rather than an argument. Frankfurt School in koans, designed to be interpreted rather than understood.
Starting with, contemporary despair, Adorno and Horkheimer tries to transcend this despair by examining the individual then proceed to the society -particularly Western society- yet in the end it's a progress which leads the momentary despair to the the despair about future. While they're doing that, they are not holding themselves back from criticizing their own thoughts about theory, practise, West, East, Freedom, Humanity, Marxism etc.
This book is basically a cash grab by the publisher, using the names of the two well-known intellectuals. Unfortunately the book does not deliver much, it fails to convey the depth of the thinkers and the topics they discussed within this volume. To put it simple the book is a collection of conversations between two well acquainted friends.
Particularly germane given the "abolition of work" discourse erupting on my Twitter feed and the feuds of different interpretations of Marx happening. All of course irrelevant to the eruption of political truth in the street.
"The horror is that for the first time we live in a world in which we can no longer imagine a better one." [Adorno] ... maybe we should start limbering up our imaginations.
ความท้าทายในการอ่านเล่มนี้คือการ tease out dialectic from dialogue เพราะอาดอร์โน่และฮอร์คไฮเมอร์ได้ชื่อว่าเป็นดูโอ้คนสำคัญแห่งสำนักแฟร็งค์เฟิร์ต ข้อเขียนของทั้งคู่จึงมักถูกมองว่าตั้งอยู่บนจุดยืนหรือทิศทางเดียวกัน ทว่าหนังสือเล็กๆซึ่งบันทึกคำสนทนาแบบลำลองของทั้งคู่เล่มนี้กลับแสดงให้เห็นวิธีคิดตลอดจนบุคลิกของทั้งสองคนที่ต่างกันในแบบที่คนหนึ่งเป็นคู่ตรงข้ามในสิ่งที่อีกฝ่ายหนึ่งเป็นอย่างน่าสนใจ
Adorno, der ja auch für die Verteidigung des Bilderverbots der Utopie bekannt ist, hatte (wie man an diesem Buch und auch an seiner auf YouTube hörbaren Radiodiskussion mit Ernst Bloch zu diesem Thema sieht) ein deutlich ambivalenteres Verhältnis zum Thema Utopie, als es so mancher Ideologiekritiker gerne darstellt.
Allerdings lässt sich auch an diesem Gespräch zwischen Adorno und Horkheimer, in dem sie ungewohnt positiv ein Bild von einer besseren Gesellschaft auszupinseln versuchen, nachvollziehen, wieso Adorno sonst so skeptisch gegenüber genau beschriebenen Utopien ist:
Denn diese tendieren häufig, und da macht die von Adorno und Horkheimer keinen Unterschied, dazu, zu sehr im schlechten Bestehenden verhaftet zu bleiben und die schlechte Realität eher zu verewigen, als tatsächlich sie zu einem wirklich anderem hin zu überwinden.
(Dass dieser Kritikpunkt evident ist, kann jede:r leicht selber nachprüfen, wenn man irgendein beliebiges altes utopisches Buch liest, in dem die Utopie haargenau ausgepinselt wird: Sehr viele dieser Gesellschaften klingen mit heutigen Ohren eher dystopisch als utopisch.)
Außerdem stolpern Horkheimer und Adorno über die Fallstricke der Realpolitik, die sie sonst umgehen: Denn ihr „utopisches" Nachdenken über die Gesellschaft, die sie in ihrem neuen Manifest skizzieren wollen, wird so viel von pragmatisch-taktischen, ja sogar populistischen Erwägungen durchkreuzt, dass das, was in ihrem „Neuen Manifest", wenn es denn erschienen wäre, gestanden hätte, weniger aus ihrer tiefsten Überzeugung als mehr aus taktischen Erwägungen entstanden wäre, was wieder mehr Realpolitik als wahrhaftige Gesellschaftskritik wäre.
Insgesamt scheint mir die Entscheidung von Horkheimer und Adorno weise, sich am Ende doch dagegen entschieden zu haben, ein neues Manifest zu veröffentlichen, denn sonst wäre mit ihrem Denken vielleicht etwas Ähnliches passiert wie mit dem Denken von Marx:
Marx' Kapital bietet nämlich durch eine radikale und treffsichere Kritik des Kapitalismus, die, wenn man sie ernst nimmt, eine deutlich bessere Grundlage für eine positive Überwindung des schlechten Bestehenden bietet, als sein Kommunistisches Manifest. Dennoch wurde sein eher flaches und ungenaues Kommunistisches Manifest tragischerweise viel wirkmächtiger und es wird bis heute ungleich stärker rezepiert (es hat zum Beispiel acht mal mehr Goodreads-Rezensionen).
Und hätten Adorno und Horkheimer ihr neues Manifest veröffentlicht, wäre ihre radikale, auf eine positive Überwindung des Schlechten zielende Kritik vielleicht ebenso untergegangen hinter einem vergleichsweise platten und leicht zu vereinnahmenden Manifest.
------ Lieblingspassage (auch wenn sie - logischerweise, es ist ja einfach die Transkription eines assoziierenden Gespräches - zu plakativ formuliert ist, als dass sie in Gänze wortwörtlich zu nehmen ist):
Horkheimer: Das Glück wäre ein Zustand des Tiers, gesehen von der Perspektive dessen, was nicht mehr Tier ist.
Adorno: Am Tier könnte man lernen, was Glück ist.
Horkheimer: Den Zustand des Tiers erreichen auf der Ebene der Reflexion, das ist Freiheit. Freiheit bedeutet, daß man nichts arbeiten muss."
--- Lieblingszitat:
Horkheimer: "Daß es einmal gut wird, kann uns nicht mit dem versöhnen, was inzwischen nicht gut war."
4.1 "Horkheimer: I do not believe that things will turn out well, but the idea that they might is of decisive importance.
Adorno: That is connected with rationality. Human beings do things in a far more terrible way than animals, but the idea that things might be otherwise is one that has occurred only to humans.
Horkheimer: Individual humans, not mankind.
Adorno: Isn’t that really a matter of chance? What is crucial is that the species is so constituted that it carries forward the idea of permanence, and this drives it on to the further idea that violence is not necessary. Once you start to reflect on the motif of selfpreservation, you must necessarily go beyond it, because you will soon realize that uninhibited self-preservation always ends up in destruction.
Horkheimer: I find it repellent for people to believe that if only everyone could agree, something essential would have been achieved. In reality, the whole of nature should tremble at the thought. The truth is, on the contrary, that all will be well only as long as they keep one another in check. " They definitely explored each others bodies
IOnline I saw a different PDF version of this book and it was only 30 pages!! Verso padded this one with huge letters and massive white space. In case anyone comes in thinking this is a 100 page book by Adorno and Horkheimer it’s really not. Even the translators preface was short, only about 3 pages giving you bare essentials on what the book is.
If you have read any of these thinkers none of what is said here should come as anything new, but as a result the book requires prior knowledge of Adorno and Horkheimer for it to really make sense. There are some great insights in here however, and because of the conversational tone of the text it is much easier to understand than their other work.
Las reflexiones que tiene el libro en torno al presente político-cultural de esa epoca es interesante. Pero el resto bastante meh. Tal vez lo que mas destaco del libro en si como serie de dialogos que recopila Gretel Adorno sean las reflexiones en torno a la teoría y praxis. Si no fuera por eso, el libro se me hacía un bodrio.