I chose this book for my Quaker meeting book club, and it was a really good fit for trying to live out what we call a peace testimony.
I have been a victim of many types of abuse by others and have escaped an abusive marriage with someone who was formally diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder, who is currently in jail for assault (this is probably his 7th time being arrested for assault in the past 2 years alone). I am also a therapist to survivors of abuse, so this will influence my review and world view.
I appreciate and overwhelmingly agree with the spirit and intent behind the book and what it advocates for. I think that disclosure in the beginning of the book, that there are parts you will disagree with and to keep in mind the overall intent.
A strong critique I have is towards the end of the book in "quick responses to common criticisms of nonviolence", Haga makes the position that we shouldn't use extreme cases to discredit what he is saying, specifically, that psychopathy and narcissism are rare, with rates of psychopathy only being 1%. He has strong issues with the mental health field and how they "over-pathologize" and appears skeptical that 25% of some prison populations have people who are psychopaths, and he believes these are "people simply acting out their traumas as opposed to there being something fundamentally wrong with them. In fact, once you start to hear the stories of many men in prison, you would imagine that something would be wrong with them if they didn't act out in some way."
Clearly, I am biased as a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who works with victims of abuse and is a former victim herself. But I think he is making some biased remarks that can be incredibly damaging to victims. Comparing his experiences in social justice work and protests, and particularly experiences working with incarcerated individuals in the Bay Area where there are extreme racial and economic disparities and high gang activity will shape his worldview. A prison in this area probably would have less psychopaths than a place like Maine which is the safest state in the country will low levels of gang activity. The pathology of these areas is likely different with places like Oakland having higher number of people who do not naturally want to be violent but are doing so out of survival and social conditioning.
People acting out their traumas and demonstrating psychopathy/sociopathy are not mutually exclusive. Some state that psychopaths are born, and sociopaths are made. He blames society for the issues with violence and not on individuals. I lean more towards society/family systems as contributors for violence, but clearly there are some individual factors since not everyone who experiences trauma becomes violent. It is not that black and white. There are also people with low rates of trauma who become violent. Also, Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder (sociopathy) are often made in trauma and they ARE acting out their traumas in unhelpful and damaging ways. But they are still sociopaths.
Actual psychopathy may be 1% but Narcissistic Personality Disorder and other conditions that contribute to violent and abusive behaviors with little to no remorse is higher than that. Most people aren't like this, but it is higher than 1%, especially when you combine them all. Haga states this is "rare" but it is not, and it fails the acknowledge the very high sexual assault statistics and coercive control domestic violence rates, particularly towards women. Abuse from people who do not show remorse is not rare and attempts at reconciliation can be life-threatening to some.
Haga can't tackle all issues and this might be better addressed by someone else who knows more about these specific issues, but I think there was a huge missed opportunity with those viewpoints expressed. It might seem like a tiny thing to argue, but it matters quite a bit. Many victims aren't believed and we hear too many messages like this that are minimizing of our experiences.
With this, Haga writes in the last chapter that "Whether or not we'll end oppression, overcome violence, or reconcile all conflict is not the point. The point is to always be walking in the direction of freedom." Just because there are abusive people who will likely never work towards accountability to reconcile, doesn't mean that these principles don't matter or can't be applied. In cases of abuse, victims are at risk if they try to respond to violence with more violence. Being nonviolent may protect their lives, at least to the point where they can leave the situation safely and set appropriate boundaries. A lot of the coercive control dynamic is about the perpetrator wanting to have control over the person, so trying to fight them back to gain control could be life-threatening and escalate the situation.
Even though my ex-husband did a lot of horrific things to myself and many other people, I can still use these principles. I can choose to forgive. Reconciliation is unlikely as he likely won't be held accountable, but I cannot control others, only myself. I am open but realistic to the chance of reconciliation. I choose to see him not only as who he is today but also as a young boy who was verbally and emotionally abused by his own narcissistic father. It doesn't excuse what he does, but I am trying to lean into believing that "that of God is in everyone." He has the capacity to change, even if unlikely. It is not my job to fix him or rescue him, but I can feel good when I sleep at night knowing I am doing my best (and failing at times) to live out my values of nonviolence.