"The Liar"
The "liar" of the title is Colonel Capadose, husband of Mrs. Capadose. The story centers on Oliver Lyon, an artist who has won some success over the years and who spots the woman who he was in love with and who turned down his offer of marriage a decade ago--Mrs. Capadose--at a country house one weekend, where Lyon has been commissioned to paint an elderly baronet, Sir David. Mrs. Capadose seems to be very much in love with her husband when Lyon sees her at the country house; Lyon wishes to know if she would have married him had she known he would have had a successful career but she deflects the question, asserting that she is in love with her husband. Lyon gradually realizes that the man whom she adores, the Colonel, is a compulsive liar, who concocts outlandish fibs for no apparent reason. What's even more curious is that Mrs. Capadose, whom Lyon loved for her straightforward honesty and purity, appears to regularly "back" her husband in all of his lies. Lyon is curious now about his former lover: is she attempting to cover up the misery of having made a terrible marriage through a performative lie of her own? Has she been genuinely corrupted by her husband? Lyon wishes to know more. He offers to paint the colonel; secretly he plans to depict his devious character. When Mrs. Capadose walks in one day and peeks at the unfinished portrait she realizes what Lyon has done: she sees her husband cruelly represented and her husband tears the portrait up in a fit of passion. Later on, the colonel lies to Lyon and tells him that it was Geraldine who did it--a model who passed by Lyon's studio asking for work. The colonel suggests she did it out of revenge for being turned down by Lyon. This is the first time one of the colonel's lies is not merely neutral but actually maliciously incriminates an innocent person. Lyon watches to see if his former lover will support his lie, and she does: "he had trained her too well." While the story initially appears to center on the colonel, there's a way in which it is Mrs. Capadose that is the liar at the heart of this story. She is willing to go to any length to prove to her old lover that she did not make a mistake in turning him down and marrying the colonel.
"Paste"
An extremely clever story, and wonderfully arch. Arthur Prime's mother dies, and he gives his cousin, Charlotte, who is a governess, a box of imitation jewels that his mother--Charlotte's aunt--had saved since her days as an actress. The jewels and necklaces are all clearly imitations except for one-- a beautiful string of pearls that Charlotte cant help but noting look real. She notes this to her cousin, but the latter fails to admit their authenticity: to admit that the pearls were real would be to admit that his mother had done something in the past--something scandalous--to deserve them. So Charlotte keeps the jewels. When Charlotte's friend, Mrs. Guy, sees the string of pearls, she is convinced that that they are real. However, this sparks moral qualms in Charlotte, who feels she is obliged to return them. When she next sees her cousin, she tells him that she suspects that the pearls are real; he is insulted, interpreting this as slander against his mother. He takes back the peals, vehemently denying their authenticity. One month later, she finds Mrs. Guy with the string of pearls. She claims she bought it at the pawn shop where Arthur sold it. But by the final sentences, Charlotte has been thoroughly disillusioned, and it is suggested that Mrs. Guy may have actually gotten the pearls in precisely the same kind of scandolous transaction with Arthu that Arthur's mother may have gotten them back in her acting days. The story's comic twist is an example of what happens when James turns to Maupassant or O. Henry--masters of the twist ending--when crafting a story. Maupassant's "The Necklace" and "The Jewels" are certainly in the background.
"Mrs. Medwin"
Mrs. Medwin pairs nicely with "Paste," being another story with a comic twist ending. At the heart of the story is a woman--recently wealthy but socially hopeless--who wishes to break into respectable English society and appeals to Mrs. Cutter--an American woman who makes her living off of introducing unconnected social aspirants into fashionable circles--to help her cause. The difficulty is that one of the most prominent women in the circle Cutter hopes to introduce Medwin into--Lady Wantridge--simply refuses to admit Medwin, whom she deems unacceptable. Around the same time this is going on when Cutter is trying to figure out how to introduce Medwin (for a price), her extremely American and therefore totally uninitiated half-brother Scott Homer shows up at her humble apartment. Medwin tries particularly hard to avoid having Medwin encounter Wantridge in her small parlor but they happen to meet when she is away. Cutter worries that Wantridge will be disusted by Homer, but Cutter appears to have made a miscalculaiton. Lady Wantridge is amused by Homer, as one of the Cutter's "delightful Americans," and rather than immediately rejecting him, "wants" him. Cutter's recognition of this surprising fact serves as an inspiration for a tacit and ingenious strategem she deploys with the help of her brother: she has Homer withhold his presence until Wantridge is willing to tolerate Median's admission to their circle. Cutter draws the line at having Homer admitted to their group; Wantridge, at having Medwin admitted, and so an unspoken exchange (a double bribe) is struck between them. Cutter's "inspiration" and Wantridge's willingness to renounce her supposedly unyielding social principles for even the most passing amusement in the figure if Homer makes this one of James's most subtly acerbic and biting satires of a substantial factions of the British upper classes, who as Homer intuits, are dreadfully empty and starved for life inside.
"The Beast in the Jungle"
Henry James's breathtaking and life-changing story about John Marcher, the man with an ominous sense of something dreadful and unnamable lurking for him in his future--something that will pounce on him like an awful beast in the Jungle. May Bertram keeps him company through the years, vowing to "watch" and wait with him until the immanent denouement of his fate. The tragedy, in the end, the horrible beast, is that he never lived, he never loved May, and, in the idiom of "The Ambassadors," that it's "too late." The queer studies people have reduced this story into a parable of James's repressed homosexuality; that's definitely in the story, but the story is so, so much more. James is concerned with "life" (and its absence) in the broadest sense possible. Queer desire is only a small part of what's renounced in the story; and, biographical dimension aside, it's John's oversight of the possibility of loving May--who waits so patiently for him--that is at the heart of this story in particular. The real treasure of the story, I think, are those endless subtle and foreboding exchanges between John and May.
“Europe”
“Europe” covers a series of trips the worldly narrator makes to the rustic New England household of the puritanical Rimmles, with whom he is related. Among the favorite recollections of the elderly Mrs. Rimmel are those of the traveling she did in Europe when younger. Mrs. Rimmel’s glowing memories of the old world inspire her daughters to see Europe for themselves—an idea that the narrator strongly encourages; however, their trip is repeatedly deferred as a result of Mrs. Rimmel’s waning health. Of the three Rimmel girls, Jane, who the narrator identifies as the slightly rebellious one, goes to Europe and never comes back. Meanwhile the intellectual and promising Becky (who produced a biography of her celebrated father) wilts in the narrow village with her sister. Meanwhile, news comes back from Europe informing the Rimmel’s of great changes in Jane’s personality. The narrator knew that Europe would do her good and “bring her out.” But for Becky, it is too late. She has missed her chance.
“The Alter of the Dead”
This one centers on George Stransom, a man who is getting old and watching most of his friends and loved ones dying. The love of his life, Mary Antrim, has died recently, and he decides to erect, in a little chapel by the cemetery “an altar to the dead,” placing a candle to celebrate to lives of each of his departed dead. He discovers in the chapel a partner in mourning whom he gradually befriends. They grow closer until they suddenly break off their friendship when George discovers that the woman is mourning for his old best friend, Acton Hague, who deeply wronged him many years ago. He finally forgives his friend in the end but dies in the chapel of his private mourning.
“The Real Right Thing”
The story of a writer, George Withermore, who is commissioned to write an authoritative biography of one of his own favorite writers, Ashton Doyne, after the latter’s death. His wife asks him to take on the project and even lets him work in Doyne’s study, where the writer has access to all of the great man’s private papers. He continues writing for several days when he feels he is being visited and prohibited from continuing by Doyne’s ghost. The moral of the story, like that of The Birthright, seems to be that one oughtn’t to pry into the private life of the author.
"The Jolly Corner"
Another masterpiece, which compares in impact only to "The Beast in the Jungle," I think--another story of the "other self." When Spenser Brydon returns to his native New York after several decades in Europe, he proceeds to renovate one of his two properties, which is going to be converted into an apartment building. The other property is his childhood home on "the jolly corner," which he lefts behind at 23 to go to Europe. He's 53 now. These two properties are the source of his income and have been since the death of his family members. He finds he has a particular knack for construction and management (his friend Alice Staverton confirms this). He wonders who he would have been if he had stayed in America and capitalized on his entrepreneurial talents, which he doesn't in Europe. Alice Staverton wonders, too. She is another May-Bertram figure who waits patiently for the narrator to come round to her and love her. But the narrator is more preoccupied with himself in this story. He makes a series of nightly pilgrimages to the old house on the jolly corner during the evening, and one night spots him. So we have the ghost story and the psychological story converging her, as is typical with James. The other self is a piratical-looking tycoon missing two fingers. What's even more eerie: Alice sees precisely the same specter in a dream. Set in the period after the Civil War, in America's gilded age, where vast fortunes were being ruthlessly accumulated by avaricious robber barons and New York City was experiencing a radical change, with towering skyscrapers being built--this story speculates about the very fate and destiny of the United States during this transformative period.