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274 pages, Kindle Edition
First published June 4, 2019
"This book is my attempt to separate the BS from the brain science, the hype from the hope. I want to help you achieve your goals and ensure that you and your loved ones never end up on my operating table.
To that end, I make no claims that are not backed by current hard science. I neither minimize the risks of alternative medicine nor exaggerate the benefits of traditional Western-style medicine. Knowledge is a moving target, and I share what we know now and what we hope to find out."
Perhaps you’ve heard claims like this:
SOME PEOPLE ARE MORE LEFT- OR RIGHT-BRAINED. I explain how this myth was concocted.
THE GUT IS A SECOND BRAIN. Not really. The brain does project nerves out of the skull to nearly every millimeter of your body, including an extensive network of nerves in your guts that monitor your gastrointestinal tract. But many patients have undergone multiple variations of near-total bowel removal without demonstrating any attributable mental dysfunction.
BRAIN TRAINING IS BOGUS. In truth, leading researchers at top universities around the world continue to investigate the effects of computerized “brain games” and all sorts of other training methods to improve cognitive performance.
MEDITATION IS NOT BACKED BY HARD SCIENCE. False. A recent groundbreaking study directly measured the mind-calming effects of meditative breathing, elegantly showing the practical physiology underlying this ancient ritual and now modern practice.
Each chapter includes one or more of these special sections:
NEURO BUSTED, where I address popular myths and misunderstandings;
NEURO GEEK, where I dive a little deeper into cool (if wonky) scientific theories, discoveries, and history; and
NEURO GYM, where I boil down the science to actions you can apply to your own life.
You’ll find solid, state-of-the-art information, and you won’t have to follow an exhausting and time-consuming regimen to see results. As a surgeon who works with patients on a daily basis, and as a dad with three boys and a wife who is a cancer scientist with her own rigorous schedule, I know that life can get in the way of your best intentions.
NEURO BUSTED: GRAY MATTER ISN’T GRAY
In the living brain, gray matter isn’t gray, and white matter isn’t white. Those colors appear only in dead brain tissue filled with preservatives. Inside a living brain, “gray” matter is actually a shimmery beigepink; “white” matter—the axons wrapped with a fatty myelin sheath—is the color of a glistening pearl.
Under the bright lights of the operating room, the iridescent surface of the brain is densely punctuated with ruby-red arteries and hyacinth-blue veins.
"In 1984, a New Zealand academic named James R. Flynn made a curious discovery. While examining IQ scores going back to the early twentieth century, he saw that the average had been steadily rising by about three points per decade. The middle-of-the-pack score back in 1920 would now be graded as 70— which by today’s standards would be considered mildly intellectually impaired. The average person taking the test today would have been given a score of 130—nearly “genius” level—had they been graded back in 1920.
Some researchers explain away the so-called “Flynn effect” by arguing that people have simply gotten better at taking tests. Improved teaching methods, the introduction of kindergarten and preschool, and higher graduation rates have all resulted, they claim, in young people simply testing better.
Flynn, however, insists that kids are literally getting smarter in part because of school, but also because of better nutrition and fewer childhood illnesses than their grandparents experienced. Even more important, Flynn says, is that our world has become ever more cognitively challenging. A hundred years ago, nearly one-third of Americans lived on a farm; today that figure is less than 2 percent. Only in the 1920s did radio become popular; not until the late 1950s did television reach most homes; as recently as the year 2000, fewer than half of all U.S. homes had access to the internet; the smartphone as we know it didn’t exist until Apple released the iPhone in 2007.
“We are the first of our species to live in a world dominated by categories, hypotheticals, nonverbal
symbols, and visual images that paint alternative realities,” Flynn has written. “We have evolved to deal with a world that would have been alien to previous generations.”
The undisputed fact of the Flynn effect demonstrates that human beings are capable of getting smarter, that intelligence is not determined simply by DNA..."