For nearly six decades since launching her literary career, in 1959, during which she wrote a multitude of novels and short stories, as well as other works, Ursula Le Guin (1929-2018) was known as one of the greatest American writers of her generation. A legend that in her life was the subject of intense critical attention, translating her works around the world and receiving numerous accolades and honours for them, and becoming an enormous influence on the field of speculative fiction, as well of literature.
And in The Earthsea Quartet, the omnibus edition of the Earthsea Cycle that collects her four most famous fantasy books: A Wizard of Earthsea, The Tombs of Atuan, The Farthest Shore and Tehanu, Le Guin creates through the Native American legends and Norse mythology her own fantasy world, taking us in four stories of wizards, dragons, priestessess, and evil beings; but also of magic and lore, power and balance, and darkness and light, in a classic high fantasy series.
A Wizard of Earthsea – 7.5/10
Since the time of myths, when Segoy raised the islands from the Open Sea, Earthsea has been inhabited by many cultures. Yet, on the island of Gont – a land famous for wizards – Duny, born in the lonely village called Ten Alders and brought up without tenderness by his father, had grew before his great destiny a wild child between the pastures and the meadows – until his deceased mother’s sister, the village witch, discovered his innate power, teaching him the little magic she knows and singing him deeds of heroes.
But, when one day a great wizard – coming to his village after hearing the tale of his deeds against the Kargish warriors who invaded the island with a lust of conquest – gives him his real name – Ged, taking him as his apprentice and teaching him magic and the natural order of the world, he will soon yearn a greater purpose in his life, travelling to the island of Roke to learn more about the higher arts.
Nevertheless, with his pride to have released into the sunlit world a shadow from another realm, hunting him across all Earthsea and leading him wherever he goes in danger and evil, when his voyages bring him back to where he began from, and takes the decision to stop running, Ged will find himself in a hunt for his very survival, bringing him before a shapeless creature – a creature that, if he fails to confront it and prevent it from possessing him, could cost him himself.
Asked by her publisher to try to write a book for older children, giving her complete freedom over the subject and approach and coming with no prior experience with the genre of young adult literature, Ursula Le Guin builds through her familiarity with Native American legends and Norse mythology her own fantasy world, taking us to A Wizard of Eathsea among the many islands of Earthsea: to Gont, where it is famous for goat-thieves, sea-pirates, and wizards; to Roke, the Isle of the Wise, where the Nine Masters of Roke teach the High Arts; to Pendor, where – once the island of the Sealords – has now become the lair of dragons; to Osskil, at the Court of Terrenon, where at the base of the tower and locked with binding-spells lies an Old Power; and to Astowell, Lastland, where its people dwell all alone at the edge of all maps.
A Wizard of Earthsea is written in the style of a traditional fairy-tale. A first novel in which Le Guin, drawing inspiration from her two earlier short stories, The Rule of Names and The Word of Unbinding, using their concepts as her basis of her setting and of her imagination, crafts a world full of myths and legends, songs and Deeds, creating a tale both poetic and epic that deals with the troubles of youth, and of the balance between magic and the natural order – a wonderful coming of age tale, as well as a study of cultural anthropology.
The Tombs of Atuan – 8/10
Since a time long ago, before the mighty wizard and dragonlord of the West, Erreth-Akbe, was defeated and his amulet was broken in half, before the Godkings of all Kargad came to rule, the Tombs of Atuan have been a holy place of worship to the Old Powers of the Earth: the Nameless Ones. But Tenar – now called Arha, the Eaten One – having been born on the night the One Priestess died and chosen among other child-girls to take her place in her reborn body, had always belonged to the Place of the Tombs of Atuan.
However, when – after years of waiting, rites and duties – the High Priestess of the Godking, Kossil, takes her to the Labyrinth of the Tombs, the Dark Places, watching up close the domain of the Nameless Ones and learning tales of ages long ago, will soon be lost into the ancient mysteries of the caverns, strucked by their hidden wonders.
Nevertheless, with her explorations beneath the Tombs one day to have brought her onto a man from the Inner Lands, disrupting her whole world and seeing and hearing things she would never have imagined, when Kossil – learning about his existence – tries to take matters into her hands, and her time for a way out starts narrowing, Tenar will find herself in a struggle between her faith and her identity, coming against the dark powers of the Nameless Ones – dark powers which, if she fails to trust the man and to face the unknown ahead, could cost her all of those things she never had.
Intended originally for A Wizard of Earthsea to be a stand-alone novel before deciding otherwise, wanting to write a sequel and develop the loose ends that the first book left, Ursula Le Guin transports us to one of the south-eastern islands of the Kargad Lands – Atuan, taking us in The Tombs of Atuan to the Place of the Tombs – the most ancient and sacred place in the Four Lands – where young girls are brought up in the mysteries of the gods in which they are dedicated to, and where the One Priestess – reincarnating into a new body every time the old one dies – serves the Nameless Ones for thousands of years, taking care their will to be fulfilled; and in the Labyrinth of the Tombs, where the domain of the Nameless Ones lies, holding in its caverns ancient secrets and treasures of their power, and where no man is allowed to enter.
The second novel follows the story of Tenar. A sequel in which Le Guin, using this time a female protagonist, taking a different approach to her storytelling and world-building, shows her world from the opposite perspective, crafting an intriguing and full of meanings story that explores the coming of age of her character, and the struggle of her identity.
But, even though the story focuses entirely on the Tombs, Le Guin manages to delve deeper into the ways and beliefs of the Four Lands, exploring a number of religious themes and ethical issues, as well as themes of gender and power, that reveal the cultural differences between the people of Kargad and the people of the Archipelago, and bring to the forefront an unexplored thus far land in the world of Earthsea.
The Farthest Shore – 9/10
For eight hundred years since Maharion, when the reign of the Last King came to an end and the heart of the world was left empty, a prophecy has spoken of the one who will become king and sit upon the throne of Earthsea and wield the Sign of Peace...
Yet today, having passed almost two decades since the restoral of the Ring of Erreth-Akbe and the relations between the barbarians of Kargad and the Inner Lands, a strange blight is spreading to the islands of Earthsea, making the magic to lose its power and its people to plunge deeper and deeper into madness – but Arren, son of the Prince of Enlad and the Enlades and heir of the Principality of Morred, has been sitting in the Court of the Fountain, at the Great House of Roke.
Carrying a message from his father to the Archmage – the greatest wizard in all of Earthsea – sent on an urgent voyage to bring word of an evil in their part of the world and seek the advice of the Wise, Arren will sail soon with the Archmage on a quest, wanting to find out the cause of these dark tidings.
Nevertheless, with their quest to have taken them to strange seas and troubled places, seeing the work of evil first-hand and their path becoming ever darker, when they reach the last shore of the world, and the two of them stand upon the balance-point of Earthsea, Arren and the Archmage will be faced with their greatest enemy, bringing them before the Unmaking – an Unmaking which, if they fail to close the door between worlds and restore the equilibrium, could plunge everything and everyone into an eternal darkness.
Continuing a few decades after the end of the second book, The Tombs of Atuan, moving on to the next story after further consideration and beginning on the final loose ends of A Wizard of Earthsea, Ursula Le Guin travels us again to the wondrous places of Earthsea, taking us in The Farthest Shore to the School of Roke, the Great House, where the boys who show promise of sorcery are sent from all Earthsea to be taught, learning about the highest arts of magic until they become proficient, and be named wizards so they can receive the staff of power; to Hort Town, one of the Seven Great Ports of the Archipelago, where once the market-places were full of activity and business, but has now become a city without law or governance, and leaving it with neither order nor prosperity; to Lorbanery, the Isle of Silk, where its people once lived wealthily, making their island famous for their silk, but has seen now nothing but poor seasons; to the uncharted seas of the South, where the Children on the Open Sea have made their own floating city, living year after year past any land and outside the knowledge of men, and following the path of the Great Ones; to Dragon’s Run, where lies the Keep of Kalessin, and where dragons – older than any living thing – have made the rocky isles their home, flying freely in the wind; and finally to Selidor, at the edge of the world, where the last island of the west has been avoided by men, leaving it a desolate land, and mentioning it only in tales.
The Farthest Shore is certainly the most powerful novel of the first trilogy. A third novel in which Le Guin, using again a different protagonist as her main character, developing her imagination through his eyes and showing us his coming of age through his challenges, takes her storytelling to the next level, crafting a story as much adventurous as dark, rich in ideas and colour.
A novel which, although is told mostly from Arren’s point of view, goes into the fundamental places of the world of Earthsea, revealing us the Balance that encompass it and sustains it, while exploring at the same time through her compelling storytelling themes of power and responsibility, desire and courage, and darkness and light, and thus bringing to a close the Deeds of Ged with a wonderful, fitting and powerful finale.
Tehanu – 7/10
Since Segoy raised the islands of the world from the sea in the beginning of time, the Song of Creation tells of a time when dragons, the firstborn of the land, and humans were all one – one people, one race, and were speaking the True Language...
Yet today, with the new king of Earthsea to have been found, filling its empty heart and fulfilling what was foretold, the Rune of Peace has been healed, making the world whole again and bringing the days of peace – but Tenar – now called Farmer Flint’s widow, Goha – having passed twenty-five years since she fled the forces of darkness of the earth and build a peaceful life with her husband and children before he passed away and they left away, has been living alone in the house of her farm.
But, when one evening – after the loss of Ogion, her father and dear friend – Ged arrives riding a dragon, meeting again for the first time after a long time and seeing him unconscious and near death, Tenar will take him back to the wizard’s old cottage, wanting to look after him till he gets better.
Nevertheless, with Ged’s return from death and the past of little Therru – abused and burned by her people – she took in her charge to have disrupted her quiet life, bringing her into unwanted situations and forcing her to take measures for their safety, when one day she receives news of Aunty Moss’s poor health, and all three of them return soon after to Re Albi, Tenar, Ged, and Therru will fall victim of a dark plot, bringing them face-to-face with an evil wizard – an evil wizard who, if they fail to break free of his control and stop him from causing harm, could cost them everything she fought hard to gain.
Returning to the world of Earthsea almost two decades later, picking up slightly before the conclusion of The Farthest Shore and starting a new story, Ursula Le Guin brings us back to where all began – to the island of Gont, taking us in Tehanu to Re Albi, the Falcon’s Nest, where the small village and its few inhabitants are ruled by the Lord of Re Albi; to Gont Port, the chief city of the island, where in its quays come ships from all over Earthsea, filling it with market-places, shops, houses and crowds of people; to Valmouth, where in the sleepy little harbour the only concern of its inhabitants are the fish and their drying; and to Oak Village, where the villagers hold a life interesting in work and profit of the farming.
Tehanu is quite different in style than the initial trilogy. A fourth novel in which Le Guin, continuing the stories of Tenar and Ged, bringing back the characters that marked the series and exploring their lives after the end of their grand adventures, moves away from the classic fantasy tropes of the first three, creating a slower, introspective, adult story.
A story which, written from Tenar’s perspective, showing us the fears of a mother, of a parent, for her child as well as of a woman confronted in a male-dominated world, raises questions about the differences of magic and power between genders, but managing also to bring through her undiminished in power narrative a more human approach, and to fill it once more with meanings.
All in all, The Earthsea Quartet is a wonderful, classic quartet, with Ursula Le Guin building an incredible world of myths and legends, exploring in each one different themes and questions, and travelling us through her powerful storytelling to wondrous lands and quests full of magic.