Back in the 60’s, I was enrolled in Soc &Phil. That first year honours program at university opted me out of taking a science class; so I was advised by another non science type who preceded me. I could investigate all the “ologies” such as philosophy, sociology, psychology: every thing university was supposed to offer to a neophyte such as myself without the burden of a science class. I could, however, continue to read and study literature, my actual fav, but an unlikely subject for a profession. I don’t recall this being explicitly stated, but implicitly conveyed .
My initial choice that first year was a survey course of American books, which, I later discovered meant reading a major tome every single week by Melville, Hawthorne, Hemingway, Emerson, Twain…. The instructor was a grad student, patient with us newbies, even the tall gawky Catholic boy who in that first class queried, “I don’t understand, sir. “ “What don’t you understand? ,” responded our teacher who would eventually become a professor of said subject, “What’s a phallic symbol?”
We, most of us, bubbly virgins ourselves, were engulfed in choked back laughter at his innocent guffaw. We being so much more sophisticated! In any case, we were deluged with great books written by Americans: Brits,Russian, French, Slavs, all excluded. And in spite of always having my nose in a book, I somehow did not read Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, to my great shame. I was, however, well aware of the plot lines, Anna’s infidelity, overriding themes of betrayal, suicide, in the real ambiance of Dr. Zhivago heavy edifices, and veils of thickly falling snow.
Fast forward so many years and the reading of Monsieur Ka by Vesna Goldsworthy in which Anna Karenina is the trigger for the novel. Our narrator, Albertine, not a Russian herself, is a refugee from Bucharest, Paris, Egypt during post wartime presently living in London in 1947 with her British colonel husband, Albert. Although they met during his convalescence in a hospital in Alexandria , he continues his undercover wartime work in the field, often away, in Berlin or other European countries. Albertine worries he has a mistress. To forestay loneliness, our protagonist notices an ad and becomes involved with reading for an older gentleman, recovering from a stroke. He is Russian.
Immediately, she discovers he is the son of Anna Karenina, a Russian prince no less , once a curator of ancient manuscripts in St.Petersburg , displaced from his home, country and mother’s tarnished reputation. Through their growing friendship, Albertine becomes aware of the stories of his family’s fall, their displacement and descent into poverty, his abiding love for his mother, his own marriage and residence in London. Her first assignment is to read Madame Bovary aloud, a suggestive beginning for her visits. Albertine becomes so consumed by Monsieur Carr’s reminisces that she decides she will ghostwrite his memoirs, even learning Russian to better communicate his story from the details he offers,
“I had such a lonely, uncomprehending childhood…in that bleak house …a mausoleum where we prayed for her(Anna’s) sinning soul four, five times a day, with a procession of priests and monks who hovered over Father like vultures around a particularly juicy carcass…”
He brings her deeper into his fascinating narratives by disclosing he had unlocked a box in his father’s study to come upon a sliver of red leather, he explained, “ She (Anna) was at the railway station. All the railway stations were new then. She carried a red bag. She threw it aside before she jumped…Empedocles took his sandals off before he jumped into the volcano, left them by the crater, like someone taking a swim in the municipal pool. My mother’s dive must have been different. I imagine it as a plunge taken by someone escaping a house fire in a panic, finally getting away.” Albertine is mesmerized, consumed by the family’s lore and Anna’s story.
Eventually Sergei, Monsieur Carr/Ka admits to Albertine, “ I told no lies, certainly no lies, but I left so much ugliness out, and I don’t mean just the ugliness that followed my mother’s death. That was nothing compared to this century of ours…” He moves between present and past, drawing her in.
All ready romanticized, the narrative of czars, Romanoffs, Rasputin so fascinates that even filmmaker Alexander Korda, founder of British Lion Films, is transforming it into a film. Charmed by the older gentleman and becoming closer to Monsieur Carr’s son, also named Alex, Albertine becomes even more deeply involved in the family, perhaps because her own husband, Albert, is often away, inaccessible for he is constantly surrounded by his former comrades in arms or she intuits a distance between herself and her spouse. Confiding to the son, Alex, she explains that she is pleased with her gift of a manuscript to his father, reflecting “ I think I am almost done. And I believe I have succeeded in catching the charm of your father’s voice..It feels almost, as you read it, as if he had written it himself…”
Her teacher of Russian is, as well, a displaced countess, once beautiful, disapproving of Jews, but allowing instead for Albertine Frenchness. Elizabetha Maximilianovn is very glad to regale Albertine with her own romantic and pragmatic tales of Russia, literature, their authors, tea, trysts. In Elizabetha’s cosy subterranean apartment cramped with a glass cylinder of soil, silver caskets, irons and nicknacks, Albertine’s perspective is increasingly narrowed as she deciphers the Cyrillic alphabet. She observes, “ the basement window looked – through the grilles…a procession of trousered and stockinged legs, of headless children and pram wheels, and just occasionally, a whole dog, a daschund or a spaniel, looking in, straight at the two of us.” She is a sudden voyeur glimpsed from her shared hiding spot below the surface.
Albertine adds that one of the cats jumped off Elizabetha Maximilianova’s lap ( ( swathed in shawls), the other burrowed a sleepyhead deeper under the balloon, a cloud of hairs flew into the air,” . The metaphor suggests the closeness and incomplete pieces of a refugee’s life that Albertine’s is experiencing in this overstuffed and stifling atmosphere. And through a mist of cloying hairs like tiny snowflakes , Albertine is being enchanted, to unlock a new language, a difficult and confusing one, picking up phrases, bits of an experience that have focused her attention away from her own marital life.
What is most wonderful is Goldsworthy’s language.To subtly foreshadow themes of Anna Karenina and her fateful end, Goldsworthy inserts this line as Anna, a talented seamstress is lulled by her work of “ her [s]ewingmachine [ that] sounds like a train, the needle piercing the fabric and the beat of the cast iron base- not unlike the sound of a railway engine.”
Never intrusive or drawing attention to itself, Goldsworthy frames her story through the telling by Albertine and Alexei/ Monsieur Carr- not only of Russia but also of London of the day. From ripping up floorboards in the houses of aristocrats by squatting vagrants to warm their toes in St.Petersburg to gliding over glistening ice to avoid dangerous falls in London to garden parties there, a Russian Orthodox Easter one that features careful tables of food, “ blinis and savories of…painted eggs, bowls of salt, pickles, salad and red and white radishes and even a tiny bit of Russian caviar from Paris. Albertine comments” in the face of austerity and rationing..there was nothing extravagant about the feast.”
We wonder at Albertine’s naïveté, being taken in and overwhelmed in these situations, especially as Albert does not accompany her and we have only her thoughts in her first person narration alone to view the surviving Kareninas. When Albert does agree to accompany her to an event, he notices the son, Alex’s, attraction to her, but outwardly-focused on the fantasy of the family, Albertine is totally unaware of his eyes on her.
Through Alexei’s/ MonsieurCarr’s accounts of his life, we learn that London itself did offer a safe haven for refuges. The relief and security for these Russias is expressed by Monsieur as he states, “ Isn’t it beautiful here…Have you noticed that chameleon quality in London, how it turns itself into any European city you’ld like it to be.Suddenly you’re in Rome, or in Paris, or in Vienna, or God forbid, even in Berlin. Suddenly you are at home… We could be back in Russia…the world around us was still, wrapped in snowy silence”.
Albertine enhances this magically transformed world where [s]nowdrifts were ten feet high in places, milky and yellow at the peaks where sun touched them, bluish and solid like icebergs at the foothills.” Again, nostalgia, confinement, enclosement and images of safety separate the deposed arrivees and their narrator by physically dislocating them from reality- at least in their own minds.
With an emphasis on words, meaning, we ,the reader, understand stories translated by Albertine are often like the front and backside of a tapestry, the crafter’s talent observed, tight knots, loose ends, patches, spliced endings and beginnings: romanticized histories and stories.
The Russians, especially, are not truly afforded the process of acculturation into a new world. In fact, in spite of Alexei’s tales he is decanting to Albertine, we learn of Tonya( , Monsieur’s Ka ‘s wife, and Monsieur Carr, also known as Sergei) dependence on charity in London, crying themselves asleep in their host’s Hannah Wilson’s English house. So, although the wintry backdrop might suggest a storybook setting, the Russians are real people with issues of readjustment from one world to another, even though London promises safety. The son, Alex’s eventual ownership of an English brewery suggests a far cry from soirées, military bravado on the battlefield or even libraries from his father’s world. He is as well awkward in speech and appearance, juxtaposing his wife, Diana’s, stunning beauty.
In contrast to the safe haven being established by the Kareninas themselves , the actual born British husband Albie, ironically exclaims , “How I love London, to me it is synonymous with freedom”, yet he is constantly leaving, searching for a place to call home: as opposed to the Russian émigrés who acknowledge that “they were offered lives of comfort and support for those who survived the war, lives destined to get better and more plentiful; English lives” . The Kareninas underline, “We Russians had always loved England much more than England loved us.” Perhaps the same might be said for Albie as well.
Anna Karenina is subtlety featured, her presence echoed in the storyline, not just as a beloved mother, or an unhappy deceptive woman, but alluded to through metaphors, as noted above. So too, we view relationships that are complicated, as in Anna’s in and out of marriage evoked in the story related by Monsieur Ka and his meetings with Albertine. We understand that Albert and Albertine are in love, their conversations and actions for the most part, loving , demonstrating thoughtful concern, but yet there is a feeling, a frisson, a je ne sais quoi of something: a hint of secrecy, of keeping the other safe by guarding secrets, and keeping the reader beyond absolute knowledge of their relationship. Albertine and Albert possess an awareness of this: keeping quiet and not revealing all. Early in the novel when Albert speaks of new postings in the Far East, China or Russia the newly wed Albertine implores Albie,” Anyway, promise not to leave me alone here.” He does just that and later, she is unable to reveal her secret to him.
Even glimpses of Monsieur Carr’s son Alex and his wife Diana appear perfect from afar. And the presence of Vivian Leigh and Lawrence Olivier, actors and lovers who will portray Anna’s story in Korda’s film are distanced, seen as beautiful, idealized across a green lawn, but flawed ,almost standing in as cutouts for the great Russian romance whose love will not endure. Both actors, too, had abandoned their spouses and children to be together. They have been immortalized, distanced and glorified in photos by Cecil Beaton, larger than life, portraying examples of love and loss.
Against the much touted actors, their flamboyant clothes, and described as outlined against “ the red glow of the setting sun[ that] illuminated the lawn” , Albertine herself is constantly described as a prettier Leigh, occasionally but momentarily mistaken for the film star. But Alex’s wife weighs in on their“ physical similarity, on which everyone had commented, [ but] did not seem to register with her.” In contrast to the stories of film stars and Russian princes’, Albertine’s story is ordinary, often repeated, a fleeing Jew during wartime, a hospital administrator who marries a handsome military man. Happy, not happy, we are not certain.
Describing her wedding, Albertine does romanticize her plebeian outset , saying, “ Mine was a wartime , civil ceremony…a blue wedding, not a white one. I wore a cobalt blue suit and the Mediterranean obliged with the backdrop: a cloudless sky, the sea.” Small juxtaposed to a larger, more dramatic setting. This is of course wartime as she later adds with the realism of the day, “There was a young man with a wooden leg next to me, protruding out of his unseasonably heavy winter coat, a field- grey coat with strange buttons.” And to further remind the reader of the surrounding scenes of deprivation and destruction, she adds that when Monsieur Carr is in hospital with broken ribs, he shares a room with Polish men, one with a bandaged head, the other with” a leg in plaster, suspended by a pulley”,remnants of a society that has been punished by war and its aftermath. For even in a tale of romance, it needs to be grounded in facts, suffering that contrasts and heightening the fantasy of love.
There are secrets and secret languages and codes, and more words unsaid. When Albertine meets up with Alex, son of Sergei, at a small coffee shop by a railway station recalling Anna and Vronsky’s final meeting, she records the place smells of ordinary garlic, butter and tarragon, a décor of smoky posters advertising events from the 1930’s where Albertine imagines another ghost, the green eyed one of Diana, Alex’s English wife, occupying a chair. But Albertine surmises and again naively rationalizes, “ We were not going to have a secret language…and I, I thought as I walked across the grimy linoleum. There were no secret languages in London, anymore. It did not matter; what would we need a secret language for.” Yet her retelling this tale is one of omissions, secrets, misunderstandings, betrayals and surprises, much like Monsieur Carr’s. Her own mystery embellishes, and involves itself in Monsieur Ka’s own history as she becomes a kind of extended family figure.
Yet, Albertine’s presence, her meetings with son Alex trigger the reader to suspect some idle chatter, nonchalant kisses or even the sudden rendezvous at a café could evolve into something more, for she had initiated the meeting decided in order to share a perplexing dream in which he was the main figure. Albertine allows herself to be trapped by her fantasies. It is fitting that the book ends at a party celebrating Korda’s film attended by Olivier and Leigh, the elision of film and reality in a background established by a Russian princess, Anna Karenina.
Previously asked if she was happy in London, Albertine had explained that she felt disoriented in England, once more reinforcing the underlying thoughts in Tolstoys opening line of Anna Karenina, “All happy families resemble one another, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way”. The reader is left to probe Albertine in her final scene, wondering about her fate that has entwined her in Goldsworthy’s reimagining the lives and loves of the iconic family.