This book seeks to get behind the stereotypes about the millennial generation to explain on the basis of research what is actually going on within the generation and what is not going on - to deconstruct the popular hype about millennials. Some of the prior comments on the book suggested that the author provided a more fact based and rigorous approach to looking at generational issues. Since I have continuing contacts with millennials in both my personal and professional life and have even been exposed to most of the stereotypes, I eagerly picked up the book and looked for enlightenment.
After finishing the book, I am still looking and the song “Won’t get fooled again” is increasingly playing in my head. My three star rating is generous and likely more than the book deserves.
I grant the central intuition of the book, namely that the stereotypes about millennial slackers are wrong and that if anything millennials are too focused and competitive rather than the reverse. I already knew this, however, and I long ago came to the realization that most if not all popular stereotypes are likely dead wrong - even the ones you agree with.
I will try to list my issues with this well intended and readable book. This list is not exhaustive.
First, the author assembles and comments on several lines of popular research in child rearing, education (both secondary and post-secondary), criminal justice, and popular culture. Think Malcolm Gladwell and you will get the idea. The trouble with this approach is that the author may not fully appreciate the nuances of the research that he/she is reviewing and may as a result draw oversimplified conclusions, even with the best intentions and care. That happens, from time to time with Gladwell (although I still read him). The alternative would be for a researcher to integrate a body of research for a broader audience, such as was recently done by Kahneman in “Thinking Fast and Slow”. Harris has a lot to say in this book, but he has such a broad reach that one starts to see signs of oversimplification - that was the case for the areas where I was familiar with the research and makes me wonder about the others too.
Second, I do not accept the overall narrative that is used to tie the different aspects of millennial life together. In effect, what is presented is a critique of post-industrial capitalism that complains about the monetization of everything, the transformation of most jobs and careers into low paying commodity gigs, and the overall oppression and exploitation of those who end up on the wrong side of the looming economic divide between the jobs and careers that can be automated and rendered obsolete and the small number of remaining elite professions and ownership positions. I am not disagreeing with the economic trends that Harris highlights. I am objecting to the deconstructionist watercolors that are used to cover most issues and turn them into exploitative instances. It would have been better if the author had given some indication that he had actually read serious arguments about human capital, economic inequality, or technological change rather than listening to the latest podcasts and reading blurbs in front of paywalls online. The details matter; the arguments matter. Invoking rage against the exploitative system comes across as argumentative flash powder. He could have even talked about Piketty’s arguments. I could follow the arguments but I had to fill in too much for myself and that made me wonder what the author was actually providing.
Third, and perhaps most importantly, generational arguments seem to correlate highly with lazy thinking. The idea that everyone in a birth cohort will share some characteristics is certainly defensible - it is obvious. The problem is to show that the shared generational characteristics add something to a consideration of the immediate issue. OK, so the middle part of the economy has been hollowed out leaving most low paying and insecure jobs for most people and a small number of lucrative plum situations for the elite overlords and their minions. This is happening to everyone, not just to millennials. It has been chronicled in various forms since before the millennials were born and these trends have been terrorizing older generations too. What does generation have to do with it? Again, I am not saying that you cannot find an effect for birth cohort in some statistical analysis. The point is in showing that such effects are important for understanding anything.
There are other problems with generational arguments. The first is that, by construction, you eliminate the need for policy prescriptions. You only see generational effects after they have occurred and long after any important causal drivers can be changed. Holy Cow - Hegel’s Owl of Minerva is back! Isn’t it great when you can bring up all sorts of problems and then blame the system, the boomers, or the capitalists for them and not have to offer any suggestions for change? Harris dances around this in a concluding chapter but it is more cute than informative.
With a generational argument, you can also lengthen you book at will, adding chapters and topics areas to taste. If it happened to that generation, then it is a generational issue! The material on education is an example. Helicopter parents, the professionalizing of college preparation, and the like have been around for quite some time. Tiger Moms and Excellent Sheep anyone? This is a problem with the book throughout - I did not see an area that was not better elaborated elsewhere.
Harris mostly employs meta analysis of survey studies to draw his conclusions. There are few cases presented to show how these trends come together in a real person. The cases presented are extremes that are used to further his points. Fair enough, except that the danger from outliers looms very large when the population of interest is tens of millions of people. It is also likely that the survey results thrown around in the book have not been well vetted to see which results are more supportable and which are not. Not all surveys are well done and well interpreted and popular surveys suffer from this. If you don’t believe me, look up recent efforts at replicating pop psychological study results and how they have turned about for the original authors. Given the variance that I am certain exists in this research, I am left wondering how thin the ice is upon which Mr. Harris is skating.
Mr. Harris is aware of many of the issues with generational research - he clearly says so at the beginning of the book. But then, he tosses the caveats in the trash and starts of on his meta-narrative on millenials. Some readers will remember what authors say in introductions.
A final issue that I will mention here is — how could I possibly show that the arguments presented by Harris are wrong? What findings would disprove what he is arguing? If there are not any, that is a problem with the argument in principle.
I had high hopes for the book but found it disappointing. Still, there is enough in the book, especially early on, to make it an enjoyable and quick read.