“One, only one, of these departing [Japanese] defenders died. He was fat and ponderous, with his blouse and trousers stuffed with rice like the poor chow hound consumed by the crocodiles on Guadalcanal, and because he moved so slowly the bullets struck him in a sheet and disintegrated him in a shower of flesh and rice. It was hot. The white sand burned through our clothing. It was the enervating heat of the steam room. The sweat slid into one’s mouth to aggravate thirst. The water in our canteens was hot, and when I had drunk it all, I filled it with dirty rain water lying in shell craters. Peleliu has no water. The Japanese caught theirs in cisterns open to the sky, and ours had been floated to us in gasoline drums, from which some fool supply officer had neglected to cleanse the residuary oil. Smelling and tasting of gasoline, it was undrinkable. A brazen sun beat upon us when, freed by the silence of the fortress, we rose and marched through the scrub to the airfield. Just before the airstrip, on the edge of the scrub, lay an enormous shell crater. In this we took up positions. I met the Artist.
‘Liberal’s dead,’ he told me. ‘A mortar got him and the Soldier.’
‘How about the Soldier? How’s he?’
The Artist laughed. ‘Better’n us…he’s out of it.’
‘Yeah, too bad about Liberal, though. He was a nice guy.’
‘He got it in the stomach. I saw him sitting up against a tree when I got off the beach. He was laughing. I asked him, and he said he was fine. But he died while he was sitting there…’”
- Robert Leckie, Helmet for My Pillow: From Parris Island to the Pacific
Robert Leckie was an extraordinarily prolific author-historian. He didn’t just write a lot of books, he wrote a lot of big books. On my shelf, for instance, I have The Wars of America, which is 1,197 pages of text, and weighs as much as my pug, who is not svelte. But his books are not simply prodigious, they are well-written. Leckie understood history to be a grand tale full of vivid characters, always exciting, if not always pretty.
Before achieving his remarkable successes, though, Leckie was a United States Marine who fought on Guadalcanal, Cape Gloucester, and Peleliu during the Second World War. In 1957, he published Helmet for My Pillow, an account of his service in the Pacific.
Ordinarily, I avoid memoirs, simply as a matter of taste. In my experience, there’s too much subjectivity, self-justifications, and factual twisting involved in first-person accounts. Given Leckie’s reputation, however – as a writer first and foremost – I gave this a shot.
It is beautifully crafted, exceptionally honest, and wonderfully idiosyncratic. While I definitely had a few – or more – questions about the veracity, there is an essential truth to it that can’t be ignored.
***
Helmet for My Pillow is structured exactly like you’d expect. It begins with boot camp, and the introduction to Leckie’s mates, transitions to the war zone, and ends with a climactic battle. It’s all very much like a John Wayne movie from the 1940s.
Except that it’s not.
During training, Leckie familiarizes us with his style, which walks a fascinating, narrow path between gung-ho patriotism on one side, and a smirking cynicism on the other.
On the one hand, Leckie is not a draftee, but an enlistee, and one who chose the Marines. With some exceptions – that Leckie points out – the Marines were an all-volunteer force, made up of guys who embraced the ethos that humankind’s highest calling was as a rifleman. Though not technically special forces, Marines have always considered themselves uniquely capable soldiers. Thus, Leckie is not being dragged off to war, but leaping into it. At the end of the things, he is extolling the virtues of sacrifice for one’s country.
On the other hand, Leckie is extremely smart, a bit of an iconoclast, and definitely had some unresolved oppositional-defiance in him, at least in his youth. Very early on, he introduces us to a running theme of Helmet for My Pillow, which is the general incompetence, arrogance, and venality of the officer class. As he makes clear, Leckie had two wars going on: one against the Japanese, the other against military regulations.
The opening section of Helmet for My Pillow actually gives us very little indication of what Marine training circa 1942 actually comprised. Instead, we learn a lot about visiting family on leave, and visiting the bars whenever possible.
***
Part of the reason why Helmet for My Pillow feels so true is that Leckie does not oversell his experiences in the greatest war in history. He fights on Guadalcanal – one of America’s longest, biggest battles – and endures grueling conditions. Yet, as he makes clear, most of his day-to-day was boring, marked by creature discomforts such as heat, bugs, rainstorms, supply problems, and officers stealing the stuff he rightfully stole from others.
There is definitely combat – at the Battle of Tenaru – but relative to the rest of the Second World War in general, and other parts of Guadalcanal in particular, it amounted to a skirmish. I say this, of course, having fought no battles whatsoever.
***
After Guadalcanal, things take a fascinating turn, as the most extended sequence in Helmet for My Pillow ends up being a lengthy bacchanal in Australia. Fans of the HBO miniseries The Pacific – which used this book as part of its source material – will be familiar with the general outlines. Here, Leckie goes into much more detail. There are numerous sexual trysts – alluded to, not described, this being the 1950s – a heroic amount of alcohol consumption, and regular flaunting of the rules.
It is in the Australia section that Leckie lets us know that he might have had an issue or two in need of therapeutic resolution. He calls himself a “brig rat,” which is a humorous spin on the reality that he spent a lot of time in jail. For all the glibness, there’s no denying that Leckie nearly got into serious, felony-level trouble, with crimes such as being absent without leave, and assaulting an officer.
The upshot for the reader is that we get to follow around a fearless, scheming, charismatic, hair trigger antihero, which is never uninteresting.
***
The prose is top notch, if a bit purple in some places. Leckie has a gift for description, and there is a true tactility in the way he evokes weather, smells, and especially sounds. His battles come alive through the senses, as delivered by his typewriter.
***
I don’t know much about the real Robert Leckie. It’s hard to find out too much, because while well-known, he’s not truly famous. Basic internet search-work gives his military service, his bibliography, and the fact that he was married fifty-five years. Based on Helmet for My Pillow, he seemed like a humane man. Though sardonic, he lets himself be vulnerable, such as when he goes on at length about his combat-induced enuresis. When he meets some Pacific islanders, he tries to get to know them, and communicate with them. When he meets a bigot, he identifies him as such.
***
War is cruelty, as Sherman said, and you cannot refine it. The Pacific War took that to new highs – or lows. It was a shockingly brutal confrontation – equal to anything the Soviets and Germans hatched, though on a smaller scale – and made more discomfiting by racial caricaturing.
For his part, Leckie is extremely respectful of his Japanese foes. He does not pretend to like them, but he does not denigrate them. Indeed, the most affecting part of Helmet for My Pillow might be Leckie pondering their lives – and God’s existence – while standing in a field of Japanese dead. At the end, we find him wrestling with Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and asking the universe to “forgive us for that awful cloud.”
***
In one way, Helmet for My Pillow is totally a product of its time. As Leckie announces at the outset, there was a lot of cursing in the Marines. Including – of course – the mother of all swears. But you won’t find that here! Though the violence is graphic, and the shelling intense, the one bomb that is not described comes in the “f” variety. It’s a bit weird, I’ll admit, but makes sense, given that Hollywood was still a decade away from uttering it as well. Smartly, Leckie doesn’t force us to contend with a fake-f-word like Mailer did in The Naked and the Dead.
***
Another thing missing from Helmet for My Pillow is names. Though this is not explained in my edition, I assume Leckie did this out of respect for the living and the dead, since the war had only been over for twelve years. In any event, everyone in the book gets a nickname.
***
That’s the segue for my one nagging question: how accurate is this? At no point in the text does Leckie explain his process. Unlike fellow memoirist Eugene Sledge, of With the Old Breed fame, Leckie doesn’t cop to taking notes. I mention this because Helmet for My Pillow is detailed. There are extensive dialogues taking place, and it is hard – bordering on the impossible – to believe that Leckie managed to capture all that, and then put it down on paper over a decade later.
Really, this is a small thing. Given the inherent subjectivity of the memoir as a form, I’m okay treating it as Leckie’s truth, rather than the truth-truth.
***
When ranking biographies, I ask myself: do I know what it’d be like to share the same room with the subject. If I do, then the biography is successful.
With memoirs, the question is a little different: do I want to go on a road trip with this person. With Leckie, the answer is a resounding yes.