Mignolo is among the most high profile of Central and South American scholars working with notions of decoloniality in English. Much of his work has been instrumental in introducing the ideas associated with the theoretical and praxis based work that is developing in and around what is increasingly being seen as a coloniality/modernity/decoloniality nexus to analysts and activists grappling with experiences of the colonial and indigenous worlds. Catherine Walsh is less well-known – much of her work is only in Spanish – and although less high profile in the Anglo-phone world she has number of crucial pieces dealing with praxis around pedagogy and wider political struggles. Between them they are the ideal pair to explore, outline and extend notions of decoloniality in launching a new book series.
The volume works well as a way into the ideas and practices in and around decoloniality, as an extension of some of the recent developments in the field, and as a dialogue demonstrating the diversity and differences the approach encourages and celebrates. They do so by co-authoring but writing separate sections. Walsh’s opening section begins from praxis exploring the ways that theory and practice interact and inter-relate in and through on-the-ground activism, asking the question ‘decoloniality for what’ in an effort to get beyond a focus on resistance to highlight goals, objectives and change. In this, from the outset, she explicitly poses the problem of the meaning and content of pluriversal decoloniality and decolonial pluriversality as terms often invoked in decolonial outlooks. Her way of answering this is to draw on work by Adolo Albán Achinte to propose the notion of re-existence, which following Albán she sees as “the redefining and re-signifying of the conditions of dignity”. This seems a powerful notion in exploring the goals and objectives of decolonial praxis, be it in communities, in engagements with the state or in other settings, contexts and struggles. It also has increasingly seemed to me that this notion of ‘dignity’ is a vital as aspect of contemporary political struggle (and one that I have been discussing with friends and fellow analysts in our respective areas of cultural analysis and practice as we wrangle with the ‘so what?’ question, the ‘what is the goal?’ point of our work and the issues we explore).
Walsh explores this notion of decoloniality for what and of re-existence through specific political struggles – the Zapatista movement in southern Mexico, the recognition of plurinationality and intercultural conditions in the Ecuadoran constitution and other struggles. In this she explores the limits of action, the character of standpoint epistemologies and the links between theory, practice and praxis in and on the ground. This is a rich discussion of decoloniality in practice reminding us that where many of us have come to the ideas through theoretical texts, the nexus of coloniality/modernity/decoloniality is inseparable and has material existence beyond the realm of theory and analysis. In many ways, Walsh’s contribution reminds of the political dictum (often attributed to Lenin) that without revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary practice and without revolutionary practice there can be no revolutionary theory: praxis is key to grasping conceptual approaches. A key strength of Walsh’s chapters is that we do not need to know much (if anything) about the specific struggles to get the point – she explains and contextualises to build a compelling case.
While Walsh’s discussion begins on the ground with struggles against both coloniality as an ideology or mind-set, Mignolo’s in some ways starts out where she left off with a clear outline of decoloniality-as-praxis and a distinction between colonialism as relations on the ground and coloniality as way of seeing/thinking/maintaining Power to explore the ideological basis of the coloniality/modernity/decoloniality nexus. Here he very carefully lays out the debates to date and explores ways in which they might be extended or developed, drawing on the notion that liberation must be won by the oppressed – and given he is talking about a struggle at the level of ideas where ontology is the product of epistemology, he makes much of Bob Marley’s reworking of the Garveyite notion that “none but ourselves can free our minds”.
As we should expect from Mignolo, this is rich and multi-layered discussion highlighting coloniality’s essential, foundational, relation with modernity to remind us that there is a distinction between decolonization and getting beyond being colonised, where decolonization is all too often taken to be only a political or state function meaning that it is often little more than replacement of an elite, with little the ‘frees the mind’. He also, and quite compelling, argues that decoloniality is an option –partly to be worked out in struggle, but also partly as a factor of local relations and conditions: that is the ‘dewesternization’, with no other change, is only part of the way to decolonial conditions, but more importantly he invokes the notion associated with the Zapatistas of many ways of being in the world. Throughout the text, both Mignolo and Walsh continually return to this notion and assert that they do not have all the answers, may not have any of the answers and that the conditions of dignity so important to Albán’s argument for re-existence cannot be determined by anyone but those struggling for that dignity.
This is an essential text both for those new to ideas of decoloniality and those who’ve been around them for a while. As the launch of new book series it charts the ground they seek to explore in more detail and from diverse approaches, posing as many problems and questions as they do point to answers. Not only does it map the terrain of decoloniality, at least their view of it, but it also opens that terrain up for further enquiry, critique and evaluation leading to making of new meanings and recognising other forms of Power in that space. It is a fine example of collegial, open scholarship that models the practice the liberatory ideas underpinning decoloniality encourage.