This audiobook is Ruswa's masterful retelling of the life of a courtesan of Lucknow. Known for her charm, wit and beauty, Umrao Jaan was also a talented poet, dancer and a singer.
Rich in historical detail, the audiobook transports us in old Lucknow, where decadence was nothing more than a part of day-to-day life.
The first true novel in Urdu, it is a tale of courtesan documented by her close friend. The storyline runs on two levels- On one level is the story of Umrao Jan who is abducted from her home in Faizabad and sold into prostitution. On the other level the novel deals with double standards of society dominated by the rich who encouraged and participated in this debauchery. The most moving part comes at the end when we find Umrao Jan comparing the order of law and justice during the British raj with the high handedness of the Nawabi era. Under the false pretentions of promoting art and culture, poor and innocent girls were pushed to become courtesans and then left to fend for themselves when they grew old. Overall a sensitive and engrossing portrayal of life and times of an early 18th century Lucknawi courtesan.
The novel has been translated in English by David Matthews.
More than half a century ago I served in the Peace Corps in Lucknow, an old city on the plains of North India. It had seen better days. The last echoes of the courtly Muslim culture of the 18th and 19th centuries still seeped out of the back streets and along the Gumti River. I was fascinated and came to love the elaborately polite Urdu spoken there, the poetry and music, and the sharp wit of many of the inhabitants. I enjoyed the delicious Mughlai cuisine and visited all the old nawabi buildings like the Bara Imambara, Jama Masjid, Chhota Imambara and Shah Najaf. But that old Lakhnawi culture was disappearing even then. I only got the last whiff of it. If you would like to read about the days when it flowered, you must get hold of this book. It is neither the best novel you'll ever read nor the best translation ever made (Khushwant Singh's), but you will fall under the spell of a culture that has nearly vanished. Perhaps it concerns the seedier, more immoderate part of that culture---the world of courtesans, their patrons, musicians, and bandits---but it depicts a world that surrounded the court of Avadh, an Indian state whose capital was Lucknow. The Nawabs of Lucknow lost power after the failed war of independence in 1857, the court ceased to exist and so all the luxuries, decadence, and culture with it. Umrao Jan is a small town girl, kidnapped and sold to a madam in the city, given extensive training in music, dancing, poetry, and general deportment. She becomes a famous courtesan with numerous lovers from all walks of life. Her world is one of patrons, jealousies, and little love but many attachments. Her life story, told by Mirza Muhammad Hadi Ruswa, forms the story of the book. As she grows older, she become more philosophical and hands down to us her observations gleaned from a tough life. She wanted to be loved, but life ordered her fate differently. She was secluded in a brothel, but came to understand the hypocrisies of life. It is, of course, a novel, not a biography, but one which has made an impression upon many generations of South Asians, and was made into a Bollywood film in 1981. Wo zamaana chalaa gayaa, janaab, jab Khalil Khan apna faakhta uraayaa karte the.
کس کو سنائیں حال دل زار اے ادا آوارگی میں ہم نے زمانے کی سیر کی واہ! کیا بات ہے مرزا رسوا کی۔ مزا آ گیا امراؤ جان ادا کو پڑھ کے۔ کلاسیکی ادب کا اپنا ہی لیول ہے۔ ناول تو خیر جلد ہی ختم کر لیا تھا لیکن یہ سوچ رہا تھا، ریویو اردو میں لکھا جائے یا انگلش میں۔ انگلش میں ریویو لکھنا اس ناول کے ساتھ ناانصافی ہو گی، لیکن میرے جیسے اردو سے ناآشنا بندے کا اردو میں اتنے بڑے ناول کا ریویو لکھنا بھی زیادتی سے کم نہ ہو گا۔ ویسے اجکل اردو ادب پڑھنے کی کوشش کر رہا ہوں، ابھی ابھی نیر مسعود کا گنجیفہ اور امرتا پریتم کا پنجر ختم کیا ہے، لیکن ویویو لکھنے ہاتھوں بیٹھا ہوں۔ خیر اب ٹوٹی پھوٹی اردو میں کچھ لکھنا تو ہے ورنہ میں کیا میری حقیقت کیا مرزا صاحب نے ایک طوائف کی داستان نہیں سنائی، بلکہ ایک معاشرے کی، ایک تہذیب کی داستان بیان کی ہے۔ افسوس کہ امراؤ جان ادا کے خاتمے کے ساتھ ہی اس تہذیب کا بھی خاتمہ ہو گیا۔ جس طرح کسی فرد کا عروج و زوال ہوتا ہے، اسی طرح کسی سلطنت کا، کسی تہذیب کا عروج کے بعد زوال آنا ناگزیر ہوتا ہے۔ لکھنؤ کی تہذیب جس نے اردو کو پال پوس کے بڑا کیا، اب باقی نہیں رہی۔ نہ محافل سجتی ہیں نہ مشاعرے ہوتے ہیں اور نہ ہی زبان کی پزیرائی ہوتی ہے۔ امیران کا امراؤ جان ادا بن جانا، یا ایک رنڈی(رام دائی) کا بیگم بن جانا اسی سلسلے کی کڑیاں ہیں۔ پھر امراؤ جان کا اپنے کمرے میں کئی سال بعد واپس آنا اور دیکھنا جدھر ہر وقت رونق ہوتی تھی اب ہر چیز گردآلود ہے۔ ہر طوائف کا بھی ایک زمانہ ہوتا ہے، اس کے بعد اسے کوئی نہیں پوچھتا۔ اسی طرح شہروں کا عروج و زوال ہوتا ہے۔ ''دہلی اجڑ کے لکھنؤ آباد ہوا تھا۔ لکھنؤ اجڑ کے دکن آباد ہوا ہے." ایک عورت کا طوائف بن جانا یا بنا دیا جانا اس کی انفرادی حثیت کو ختم نہیں کر دیتا ہے۔ وہ اب بھی چاہتی ہے کہ وہ کسی کا چاہے یا کوئی اسے سچے دل سے چاہے۔ لیکن اسے معلوم ہے جو بھی اس سے محبت کا دعویٰ کرتا ہے اسے محبت نہیں ہوتی، صرف اس کا ذاتی غرض ہوتا ہے۔ اور وہ غرض پورا ہونے پر اسے چھوڑ جائے گا۔ عام محبت میں ذاتی غرض ہوتا ہے لیکن محبت کا مادہ بھی موجود ہوتا ہے۔ آگے چل کر مرزا صاحب عورت کی محبت کو مرد کی محبت سے مختلف گردانتے ہیں۔ "مرد کی محبت میں صرف لذت حاصل کرنا مقصود ہے اور عورت کی محبت میں الم سے محفوظ رہنا اور لذت دونوں غرضیں شامل ہیں۔ چونکہ یہ مشہور ہے کہ محبت بے غرض ہونا چاہیے اور عورت کی محبت میں اس کا زیادہ لگاؤ ہے۔ لہذا وہ اس کو چھپانے کی کوشش کرتی ہے۔" مرزا صاحب نے نہ صرف طوائف کے احساسات و جذبات کو بیان کیا ہے، بلکہ دوسروں عورتوں کے ساتھ بھی ہونے والی زیادتیوں کا ذکر کیا ہے۔ "وہ بیچاریاں جو تمام عمر چار دیواری میں قید رہتی ہیں۔ ہزارہا قسم کی مصیبتیں اٹھاتی ہیں اچھے وقت کے سب ساتھی ہوتے ہیں۔ مگر برے وقت میں یہ بیچاریاں ساتھ دیتی ہیں۔" اس کے علاؤہ مرزا صاحب نے مرد کے محبت کرنے کے انداز، غدر کے بعد کے حالات، تقدیر اور تدبیر اور بہت سے موضوعات پر تفصیل سے گفتگو کی ہے۔ فتح ظہیر پوری ناول کے تعارف میں لکھتے ہیں، "انہوں نے اپنے ناول کو اپنے درجے سے کمتر سمجھا اور 'محمد ہادی' ناول نگاری کی دنیا میں 'مرزا رسوا' کا نقاب پہن کر آئے۔ علمی تصانیف کے برخلاف ناول عام طور پر انھوں نے اس وقت لکھے جب انہیں روپوں کی ضرورت ہوئی ۔۔۔ امراؤ جان ادا کی ہمارے ادب میں ایک تاریخی حیثیت ہے۔ 'شرر' کے خیالی قصوں اور نذیر احمد کی اصلاح پسندی کے برخلاف یہ ناول اردو ناول نگاری میں زندگی کی واقعیت اور فن کی حسن کاری کو جنم دیتا ہے۔" ناول کے آخر میں امراؤ جان اپنے پیشے کو چھوڑ دیتی ہیں اور اپنی جمع پونجی پر گزارہ کر کے ایک پرہیز گار کی زندگی گزارنا شروع کر دیتی ہے۔ لیکن زندگی کتنی طوائفوں کو یہ موقع بھی دیتی یے؟ اک حال میں انساں کی بسر ہو نہیں سکتی اب رنگ طبیعت کا بدل جائے تو اچھا ہے
मिर्जा मोहम्मद हादी 'रुस्वा' साहब की इस किताब को उर्दू भाषा के पहला उपन्यास का दर्जा प्राप्त है। उमराव जान लखनऊ की नवाबियात की वो आखिरी मशहूर तवायफ थी जिनके दौर 1857 का गदर हुआ। उमराव जान का पुश्तैनी घर फैज़ाबाद में था। इनके अब्बा अवध के मरहूम नवाब की कब्र पर चिरागी करते थे। एक बार उन्होंने एक डाकू को गिरफ्तार करवा दिया जिसे बारह साल की कैद हो गई। वो जब छूटा तो उनकी बेटी 'अमीरन' जिसका नाम था, उसको अगवा कर लेता है, फिर लखनऊ ले जाकर एक तवायफ के यहाँ बेच देता है। वहीँ पर उमराव जान उर्दू अदब, मुजरा और गायन सीखती है। वह 'अदा' तखल्लुस से शेर भी लिखती थी। . अपने दौर के उठान में फैजल अली नाम के एक शख्स से उनकी मुलाकात होती जो कुछ रातों की सोहबतो के बाद अपनी मुहब्बत का इजहार करता है,और उमराव जान को अपने साथ ले जाने को कहता है। पहले तो वह तैयार नहीं होती है, लेकिन क्योंकि फैजल का सुलूक उससे अच्छा था और वह उसे पहले ही काफी इनाम इकराम दे चुका होता है, तो बिना अपनी मालकिन को बताए रात के अंधेरे में वह फैजल अली के साथ भाग जाती है। पर होता है यूँ कि रास्ते डाकू मिलते है, और दोनों में मुठभेड़ होती है, जिसमे फैजल तो लापता हो जाता है, और उमराव जान किसी तरह बच निकलती है। फिर कुछ दिनों तक उनका पड़ाव कानपुर में होता है। जहाँ वह नवाबगंज की बेगम के यहाँ मुजरा करने के लिए जाती है। नवाबगंज की बेगम उनकी पुरानी साथिन रमदेई निकलती है जिसको उनके साथ ही बचपन मे फरोख्त किया गया था। . कानपुर से फिर फैज़ाबाद का रुख होता है। वहाँ वह उसी मोहल्ले में मुजरा करने जाती है जहाँ कभी वह पली बढ़ी हुई होती है। अपने माँ से भी मिलती है, दोनों खूब रोती है। अब्बा का इंतेक़ाल हो चुका होता है। दूसरे दिन उनका छोटा भाई भी मिलने आता है जो उमराव जान को परिवार के नाम पर कलंक लगाने के लिए जिम्मेदार ठहराता है। दोनों रोते है। लेकिन उमराव जान फैजाबाद भी नही रुकती है और फिर लखनऊ आ जाती है, और फिर ताउम्र लखनऊ में ही उनका क़याम होता है। . किताब के आखिर में यह बयान है कि जब मिर्जा साहब ने यह किताब लिखकर उमराव जान को पढ़ने के लिए दी,तो उसे बहुत गुस्सा आया। जी करता था कि उसके टुकड़े-टुकड़े कर दे, लेकिन फिर ये सोचकर कि उसकी कहानी तो लोगो की जुबानी आने वाली कई नस्लो तक जिंदा ही रहेगी, और उसे वो रोक भी नहीं सकती। यही सोचकर रहने दिया। उमरावजान के ऊपर एक सुपरहिट फिल्म भी बन चुकी है, जिसमे रेखा ने अभिनय किया था। उस फिल्म के गाने आज भी नई पीढ़ी के लोग गुनगुनाते हुए मिल जाएंगे।
" इक तुम ही तन्हा, उल्फ़त में मेरी रुस्वा इस शहर में तुम जैसे दीवाने हजारो है। इन आँखों की मस्ती के मस्ताने हजारो है इन आँखों से वाबस्ता अफसाने हजारो है��"
Borrowed from school library. Despite the fact that the story is about a courtesan, I liked the narrative. Perhaps because the narrator was a poet. There is nothing to vividly described for readers to cringe. The era the book is set in, mesmerised me, making me wonder how would it feel to be part of those days.
It is painful, tasteful, and surprising at times. A couplet that I still remember, for it reminds of food. I was always hungry back in the days I read this book. I still am, so nevermind.
دال ارہر کی بے مزہ پھیکی مطلقاً جس میں بو نہ تھی گھی کی
“امراؤ جان ادا” مرزا ہادی رسوا کا ایسا ناول ہے جو صرف ایک عورت کی کہانی نہیں بلکہ پورے عہد کی تہذیب اور سماج کی حقیقتوں کا عکاس ہے۔ لکھنؤ کی محفلیں، طوائفوں کی دنیا، ان کا ادب، موسیقی اور شاعری سب اس میں بھرپور انداز سے دکھائی دیتے ہیں۔ رسوا نے امراؤ جان کو کوئی مثالی ہیروئن نہیں بنایا بلکہ اسے ایک عام انسان کے طور پر پیش کیا، جس میں کمزوریاں بھی ہیں اور خوبیاں بھی۔ یہی حقیقت نگاری اس ناول کو منفرد بناتی ہے۔
امراؤ کی زندگی بنیادی طور پر شناخت کی تلاش کی کہانی ہے۔ بچپن میں اغوا ہونے کے بعد اسے ایک ایسی دنیا میں دھکیل دیا جاتا ہے جہاں اس کی اپنی مرضی کی کوئی جگہ نہیں۔ وہ محبت اور تحفظ چاہتی ہے، مگر بار بار محرومی کا سامنا کرتی ہے۔ اس کے اندر مسلسل ایک خلا ہے جو کبھی پر نہیں ہوتا۔ وہ ذہین ہے، شاعرانہ ذوق رکھتی ہے، اور تعلیم یافتہ بھی ہے، مگر سماج اسے ہمیشہ “طوائف” کے چشمے سے دیکھتا ہے۔ یہ احساسِ محرومی اس کے وجود پر ایک سایے کی طرح چھایا رہتا ہے۔
اس کے باوجود امراؤ ہار نہیں مانتی۔ وہ اپنی تعلیم، موسیقی اور حسن کو بقا کے ہتھیار بناتی ہے۔ یہ اس کی نفسیاتی جدوجہد ہے جسے survival کی نفسیات کہا جا سکتا ہے۔ لیکن اندرونی طور پر وہ ہمیشہ کشمکش کا شکار رہتی ہے۔ ایک طرف اسے اپنی زندگی سے نفرت ہے اور دوسری طرف وہ اس دنیا سے جڑی رہتی ہے۔ یہی دوہرا پن اس کی شخصیت کو پیچیدہ اور گہرا بناتا ہے۔
اس ناول میں رسوا نے نہ صرف ایک عورت کی محرومی دکھائی ہے بلکہ سماج کی منافقت بھی بے نقاب کی ہے۔ مرد اس کی محفلوں سے لطف اندوز ہوتے ہیں لیکن اسے عزت دینے کو تیار نہیں۔ اس تضاد سے ظاہر ہوتا ہے کہ اصل لڑائی عورت کی بیرونی دنیا سے نہیں بلکہ اس خلا اور محرومی سے ہے جو اندر سے اسے توڑتی رہتی ہے۔
یہی وجہ ہے کہ “امراؤ جان ادا” صرف ایک کردار کی داستان نہیں بلکہ انسانی نفسیات، سماجی رویوں اور تہذیبی زوال کی گہری تصویر ہے۔
ویسے تو اس کتاب سے متعلق کم، اس کے عنوان پر مبنی فلم کے بارے میں بچپن سے سنا تھا کہ لکھنؤ کی ثقافت اور وہاں کے رئیسوں اور نوابوں کے طرز زندگی، وضع قطع اور شوق کو خوب واضح کرتی ہے۔ پھر چند احباب نے اس کتاب کی کافی تعریف کی۔ جس نے کچھ حوصلہ بڑھایا اور میں نے ایک 1960ء میں طبع ہونے والی ایک دیمک خوردہ پرانی کتاب مناسب قیمت میں آنلائن خرید ہی لی۔ اس کتاب کے خریدنے کا ایک فائدہ ضرور ہوا اور وہ یہ کہ کتاب دو دیباچہ جات سے شروع ہوئ: ایک تو خود مرزا صاحب کا اپنا تحریر کردہ دیباچہ؛ جو ایک مشاعرے پر مشتمل ہے اور دوسرا جناب ابو اللیث صدیقی صاحب کا اس کتاب، اس کے کرداروں اور اس دور کے رسم و رواج پر تحریر کردہ ایک عمدہ جائزے کا مظہر ہے۔ جس کے مطالعہ سے کتاب کے اصل مقصد کو سمجھنے میں گراں قدر فائدہ ہوا۔ 1899ء میں شائع ہونے والی یہ کتاب یقینا اردو ادب کا شاہکار اور اپنی مثال آپ ہے۔ اور شاید ہی اس موضوع پر اس درجے کی کوئ اور کتاب لکھی گئ ہو۔ کتاب؛ امراؤجان، جو پیشہ سے رنڈی تھی، کی خود نوشت ہے کہ کس طرح بچپن میں اس کے باپ کی دشمنی کی سزا اس بےچاری کو اغوا اور بعد ازاں کوٹھے پر بیچے جانے کی صورت میں بھگتنا پڑی۔ پھر وہ میسر شدہ اس ماحول میں اپنی پرورش، تعلیم (گائیکی، لکھائ، پڑھائ وغیرہ) کا ذکر کرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ اپنے سن بلوغت کو پہنچنے اور دیگر تاثرات کو بیان کرتی ہے۔ جس میں اس کی ناسمجھی کی حرکات، چاہے جانے کی حسرت، مردوں سے چھیڑ چھاڑ، اس کے آغاز پیشہ کے مجروں اور نام امراؤ کے ساتھ 'جان' کے جڑنے کی مکمل داستان بیان کرتی ہے۔ غرض اس کی زندگی کی تمام داستان تا وقت تحریر قلم بند کی گئ ہے۔ اس کتاب کو پڑھ کر اردو کے بے شمار متروک اور قدیم الفاظ سے شناسائ ہوئ۔ مزید یہ کہ لکھنؤ کی ثقافت،جنگ آزادی میں اس کے اجڑنے کے اسباب اور حالات کا بھی مختصر حال پس منظر میں ملتا ہے۔
لکھنا چاہوں تو تحریر تو بڑھتی چلی جائے گی، مگر آج کے اس تیز گام دور میں اتنا وقت کس کے پاس ہو گا کہ میری تحریر پر اپنا وقت خرچ کرے۔ لہذا اپنے تبصرے کو اسی بات پہ ختم کرتا ہوں کہ اردو ادب کے اس شاہکار کا زندگی میں کم از کم ایک بار مطالعہ لازمی کریں۔ شکریہ
This famous Urdu novel has been been given the Bollywood treatment twice.Both times,the movies have been well worth watching with some unforgettable music.I didn't enjoy the book as much as I liked both movies.
(This is a review of a Hindi-language edition published by Bharat Gyaan Vigyaan Samiti, translated by Beena Gupta; the two stars are for this edition, not the Urdu original, which I haven’t read).
I came across this e-book because I was looking for a Devnagari version of Umrao Jaan Ada. The story of an accomplished courtesan of Lucknow, Umrao Jaan Ada is presented as a narrative told by Umrao Jaan herself to the writer, Mirza Hadi ‘Ruswa’; the writer is briefly mentioned at the beginning and at the end of the narrative, but the rest of it is Umrao Jaan speaking, talking of how she went from being a shareef ghar ki ladki (the ‘daughter of an honourable household’) to one of Lucknow’s most sought-after courtesans. As she goes through the highs and lows, through adventures of different types, the story of Umrao Jaan’s life unfolds.
The problem with this edition is that it seems to be vastly truncated. I had been under the impression that this was merely a translation; I hadn’t realized it was an abridged version. But it is, and you can see the clunkiness at times. For instance, very little dialogue appears in the course of the book, which of course detracts from what I suppose might be a more insightful look at the characters. Plus, the action itself is dismissed so hurriedly that when I went and had a look at the synopsis of Umrao Jaan Ada on Wikipedia, I found that there were several important plot points there that had been glossed over or dismissed so summarily in this edition of the novel that it had seriously affected my understanding of the story.
Sad, given that Beena Gupta does a good job of ‘translating’ the language. I really liked that she didn’t try to change every Persianized word into its Sanskritized equivalent, but trusted her readers to know enough Urdu to be able to enjoy the flavour of the original. If only a full-length translation of the work were done in this style, I’d be happy to read it.
The first Urdu novel is a very interesting depiction of the life od the upper class in Lucknow, the stronghold of Indo Persian culture under a Shiite dynasty. This work is, however, not free from longueur and clichés. The topic is the life of Amiran, abducted as a pre-pubescent girl, sold to a leading concubine, renamed Umrao (based on the same Arabic root) and educated to become a concubine herself. Ironically her fate enabled her to get access to the upper echelons of society, but without being treated as an equal member of the upper class. Furthermore, she got access to education in the canon of Indo-Persian culture. This was decisive for her success, because she was not the most beautiful of concubines, but attracted men due to her musical skills and knowledge of poetry. In spite of the reputation of her profession, she is even invited to recite the elegies during the Shiite mourning ceremonies in the month of Muḥarram. Although it is self-evident that her profession implied sexual services, sex is never described in the novel, only the dancing, singing and reciting by concubines. The men they encounter do not show Lucknow society in a favorable light. The disappearance of this decadent world after the British annexation just before the “Mutiny” in 1857 is treated only in passing.
For somebody who has learned Urdu on the basis of Persian and Arabic, the language is quite challenging as the descriptions of interiors, gardens or musical practices contain many Hindi words. Hardly any English words appear as the author intended to recreate the milieu of the mid-19th century as authentically as possible. But this is still a stunning contrast to the Urdu in newspapers since the 1870s which was rapidly infiltrated by English vocabulary.
The original story is slender and, of itself, I'm not sure what I'd make of it, but in translation and with an introduction that sets it into its literary and cultural context, this book is a great read. All Umrao Jan fans will be interested.
There is a poetry to life that we might notice if we take that small aspect called effort. Of the numerous books of verses I've read, "Umrao Jan Ada" by Mirza Muhammed Hadi Ruswa is undoubtedly one of the finest ever written. There is a rhythm in the words that he strings into a verse that rings through one's mind and sends pleasant shivers down the spine.
'Ruswa' translates as 'The Disgraced' but is far from what his pen-name suggests. There must be countless books giving an account of the life of a prostitute but never could one have ever been written like the story of 'Umrao Jan Ada'.
Through this book first published over a hundred years ago in Urdu, Ruswa takes one on an enthralling journey through the life of a renowned courtesan whose charm and musical knowledge coupled with wisdom never fails to enrapture one. The novel is known for its elaborate portrayal of mid-19th century Lucknow, its decadent society, and also describes as a subtext, the moral hypocrisy of the patriarchal system of the times, where Umrao Jaan also becomes the symbol of a nation that had long attracted many suitors who were only looking to exploit her.
It is a book which one wouldn't put aside even for a second till the last word has been read. A book so potent in its every verse that one feels the strange tug of a fine thread of sympathy turn into respect for the wise courtesan, Umrao Jan. Her words that love seeks out a prostitute all her life but never does it remain one's and one's alone shows the sorrow that was always hidden behind the much refined sheath of pomp and glory.
The circle of mirthful happiness and ironic sorrow is the essence of the glorious tale of Ruswa's Umrao Jan.
والله روحانی پرگت حاصل ہوٸ۔ مسلم الثبوت لکھاری کی زندہ کرداروں سے مزین ایک 'تحریری حسینہ'۔ میرے لیے درانہ یہ ایک زندہ تحریر ہے جو ایک صدی گزرنے کے بعد بھی اپنی رعنائیاں لیے ہے۔ امراؤ جان ادا اور رسوا کی گفت وشنید دماغی آسودگی سے مامور ہے جو میری زعم ناقص میں ہر پڑھنے والے کو متاثر کیے بغر نہی چھوڑےگی۔ تا تریاق از عراق آوردئ شود ۔۔۔
"ارضی و سماوی حادثے جنکا کوئ وقت مقرر نہیں ہے مگر جب واقع ہوتے ہیں تو دلوں میں ایک خاص قسم کی دہشت سما جاتی ہے"
ایسی ہی ایک دہشت اس ناول کی ہے۔ ایک صفحے پہ شرارتی چپقلش ہے تو دوسرے پہ دلسوز 'حقیقت'۔ اور یہی اس ناول کی کاملیت ہے۔ ایک منفرد صر صر سوز بھی ہے اور کرداروں کی جیتی جاگتی چھریری چپقلش بھی۔ یہ ان ناولوں میں سے ہے کہ قاری کو برعکس دوسرے ناولوں کے ختم کر کے افسوس ہوتا ہے بجاۓ خوشی کے۔
Less a novel than a mushaira encompassing the entire life of a remarkable courtesan, Umrao Jaan Ada is both an artifact of Nawab-dominated Lucknow lost to conquest and an author's courageous attempt to immortalize its subject repeatedly denigrated outside the confines of her brothel. I am brought to pity Umrao Jaan's many misfortunes, but the protagonist proves to be stronger than the reader: her couplets' conceits shine all the more brightly in light of suffering overcome and whose high-flown tales of heartbreak turn trivial when compared to her disenchanted reality. This exchange between lovers' melodrama and the struggles of the everyday happens along a verse-prose divide, further complicating the text's classification as an early Urdu novel.
I discovered 'Umrao Jan Ada' through its movie adaptation which was screened in my college. I wasn't mature enough to understand and appreciate the movie at that time. Later, when I discovered that it was based on a book, and I saw the book at the bookshop, I thought I'll be able to understand the book version better and I got it. But since then it has been lying on my bookshelf. So now I decided to pick it up and read it.
The narrator, who is the author himself, is having an informal Urdu poetry recital session with his friends. Then a maid comes from the house next door and says that her mistress wants to meet him. Our narrator goes to meet the neighbour next door and discovers that she is an old acquaintance of his, the famous courtesan Umrao Jan Ada. She praises the poetry that our narrator and his friends are reciting. Our narrator invites her for the recital session and requests her to recite her own poetry. After some initial hesitation Umrao Jan agrees. They all have a wonderful time listening to each other's poetry and admiring it and commenting on it. After sometime, this becomes a regular happening there. After one of those recitals, our narrator and one of his friends ask Umrao Jan to tell them the story of her life, and how she ended up as their next door neighbour. The rest of the book is about Umrao Jan's life in her own words.
'Umrao Jan Ada' is a beautiful love letter to the Lucknow of a bygone era. In it, Umrao Jan describes the life of a courtesan in the 19th century, the good and the not-so-good things, the Nawabs she knew, the fascinating eccentric characters she met, the adventures she had. How a girl like her from a respectable family ended up becoming a courtesan is itself a heartbreaking story. There are many fascinating characters in the story – Khanum, her mentor who employs her, her fellow courtesans Bismillah and Khurshid and Bega Jan, the Nawab who falls in love with her, the robber who falls in love with her and gives her expensive gifts, the mysterious Begum who treats her like her best friend though they are from totally different social classes – these and other wonderful characters populate the story. Umrao Jan herself is a fascinating person and her voice that we hear while reading the book is beautiful. The final chapter in which Umrao Jan shares her insights on life is one of the most beautiful chapters in the book.
There is a beautiful preface by the translator David Matthews at the beginning of the book in which he gives the historical, social and cultural context behind the story and it is very insightful to read. I loved that preface.
There is one thing to nitpick though. It has nothing to do with the story or the author or the translator. It is this. There are many lines of poetry in the book. They've all been translated into English, and they are probably faithful translations. But in English they lose much of their beauty. Urdu is a very beautiful language, and in my opinion, one of the most beautiful languages ever. When we read about a moth moving towards the flame, it is very beautiful in Urdu. The words are beautiful, the emotion is beautiful. In English, it doesn't sound the same, it doesn't feel the same. Translating poetry is always hard because the emotion conveyed in the original language is mostly lost. But we feel that loss much more starkly in Urdu. Because of this, I feel that the poetry part of this book will read much better in Urdu than in English translation. Also, sometimes the humorous lines and humorous conversations read much better in Urdu than in English translation. Though in this case, the humour manages to get through.
I loved 'Umrao Jan Ada'. It is a beautiful book. It is a classic of Urdu literature, and I'm glad I read it. I know that there are atleast two movie adaptations of the book, one starring Rekha as Umrao Jan and another starring Aishwarya Rai as Umrao Jan. I want to see the Rekha version first.
Sharing one of my favourite passages from the story.
"When I heard the maulvi and Bua Husaini and other elderly people talking about former times, it seemed to me that their age must have been much better than our own. For that reason I used to praise it in its absence, and for no reason reviled the age into which I was born. I never realised that they thought well of earlier times simply because everyone regards one's youth as the best, when everything in the world was so wonderful. 'When you are young, the world is young; when you are dead, the world is dead.' Young people see the elderly and adopt their ways, and this age-old misunderstanding has become a generally accepted custom."
Have you read 'Umrao Jan Ada' or seen the movie version? What do you think about it?
I was fascinated by this being the first Urdu novel. Somehow, despite a promising beginning, the novel faltered for me. It was more like a narration of events, and although I got a glimpse of a courtesan’s life then in India, it seemed a bit too hurried for me to invest in any of the characters.
But there are so many beautiful lines of poetry - if my mind was better, I would have enjoyed it more.
I has started reading this book simply because I wanted to live a few days in the Lucknow of yore. It did transport me to that era, but only sporadically. A reason for that being that this novel is structured as a conversation more than a narration. Thus, it helps in bringing forth a scrutinizing character study of the protagonist, but does not help you in transcending the barriers of time. Thus, it will help if you get that notion out of your mind quickly, and focus more on the evolution of the courtesan. Also, since the book is an English translation of the Urdu story, the linguistic cues of the culture of the times are sorely missing. I definitely want to read its original Urdu version to have a better feel. This is because, despite the above reasons, the book is mighty engaging. Interspersed with beautiful poetry, the book see-saws in presenting before you a world filled with grandeur and extravagance that was Lucknow of Nawabs and its many brothels, and a sea of ruggedness and uncertainty that was everything outside the city. I am also guilty of having watched the two movie adaptations of the story before opting to read the book, and hence admit being influenced by them in many ways. For starters, I had hoped there would be something more to the story of Nawab Sultan-Umrao Jaan; something epic as is the case with the many classical love stories that we have grown up listening to. Surprisingly, it was not to be! The book dwells not more than a few pages on their amorous encounters, and then the story takes a different course. And Faiz Ali who has been portrayed as some sort of a negative character actually turns out to be a simpleton! A roguish figure, but a true admirer of Umrao nonetheless. Thus, it is important not to become predisposed towards the eventuality of certain events, because then the novel starts disappointing and a frustration descends on the mind of the reader. Just read it for what it is, the life-story of an unlucky girl who becomes a famous courtesan (that too not the best by her own admission), and later on, after a aching journey through the several highs-and-lows of her life, turns to the more artistic and spiritual side of human existence. As a person, Umrao comes out to be a mixed bag, just like everyone of us. Hers is a poignant story and the world around her much harsher than today, and hence she is vulnerable, diffident and unsure at several points in the novel, but also persistent and strong-willed at others. A fine artist, her exploits as an artist are well-portrayed and hence are instances of delight. Her world weariness towards the end captures beautifully the general despondence in the days after the mutiny. All in all, I really felt that had I read it in Hindi or Urdu (in Devnagari script that is), I would have enjoyed it a lot. Anyhow, it was a good start to the year.
Este libro es bellísimo, va sobre como una chica se convierte en prostituta y las cosas que vivió, todo está escrito desde la voz de ella que le cuenta los hechos al autor. En realidad es muy bello, si bien tiene los problemas asociados a la actividad, no se centra en eso, sino en como las circunstancias nos llevan a muchos lugares, hay mucha poesía. Está escrito de una manera sencilla y muy amena, además que los comentarios ayudan mucho y dan un cuadro muy entrañable de la India de ese momento.
3.5/5 उमराव जान 'अदा' उर्दू के शुरुआती उपन्यासों में से एक माना जाता है। उपन्यास मुझे काफी पसंद आया। जिन्हें हम तवायफें कहते हैं, वो उस वक्त कैसे रहा करती थीं। उनका जीवन कैसा था? यह सब इस उपन्यास को पढ़कर पता लग जाता है। उपन्यास के प्रति मेरे विस्तृत विचार आप निम्न लिंक पर जाकर पढ़ सकते हैं: उमराव जान 'अदा'
The story arouses nostalgia and longing in me for the essence of classic lucknowi culture and traditional richness of Urdu poetry that is contained in it. I was wholly engulfed and was compelled to finish the novel till the end.
সিপাহী বিদ্রোহকালীন লক্ষ্মৌ। ফৈজাবাদের নয় বছরের এক কিশোরী আমিরণ অপহৃত হয়ে বিক্রি হয়ে যায় লক্ষ্ণৌর গণিকালয়ে। আর সেখান থেকেই কাহিনীর শুরু। আমিরন থেকে উমরাওজান হয়ে উঠবার গল্প। স্বপ্নময় কিশোরী থেকে বাস্তববাদী এক নারী হয়ে উঠবার গল্প। সেই সময়ে এক নারীর একলা চলবার সংগ্রামের গল্প। মাঝে মাঝে এসেছে প্রেম, কিন্তু তা তো শুধুই মরিচীকা। কখনো বা অভিনয়। উমরাওজানের জবানিতে উঠে এসেছে তৎকালীন লক্ষ্মৌর নবাবদের স্বেচ্ছাচারীতার কাহিনী। ঝলমলে শহরের নীচে এক অন্ধকার জগত। আবার কখনো বা কৃত্রিম সামাজিক রীতির নিচে চাপা পড়ে থাকা মানুষের মনের আর্তনাদ। এ যেন সেই সময়ের এক প্রতিচ্ছবি। অসাধারণ এই উপন্যাসের সবচেয়ে বিরক্তিকর দিক ছিলো এর অনুবাদ।আনোয়ার হোসাইন মঞ্জুর অনুবাদের বেশ ভক্ত আমি, কিন্তু এখানে অনুবাদক তার প���রোটা দিতে পারেন নি। মাঝে মাঝে অকারণ ইংরেজী শব্দের ব্যবহার সেই সময়ের আবহকে ক্ষুন্ন করেছে। অনুবাদক এমনিতে ইতিহাসভিত্তিক নন ফিকশনসমূহ অনুবাদ করে থাকেন। কিন্তু এই বইটি মূলত বইটি একটি উপন্যাস। কিন্তু সাহিত্যরসপূর্ণ ভাষার অভাবে উপন্যাসের বদলে ইতিহাসের পাঠ্যবই হয়ে উঠেছে যেন। আর তাই উর্দুভাষার অত্যন্ত বিখ্যাত এই উপন্যাসের পূর্ণরস আস্বাদন করে ব্যর্থ হয়েছি। তবে যদি অনুবাদের দিকটা যদি তেমন বিবেচনায় আনা না হয়, তাহলে ইতিহাসপ্রেমীদের জন্য অবশ্য পাঠ্য এই উপন্যাস।
dramatic! important! seminal! i can def. overlook quite a few narrative flaws...unreliability being one-- i couldn't quite believe half of the things she told Ruswa. Secondly, i wouldn't dwell on the discourse about women's weaknesses and their (very generalized) idea of love because it is a book of its time...so there's that
زندگی کے تھپیڑے شاید کچھ تلخ ہوں اور ہمیں ان راستوں پہ ڈال دیں جن پہ ہمیں چلنے کی عادت نہ ہو تب ایک ہی راستہ اختیار کیا جا سکتا ہے کس وقار سے ہم اس راہ چلے. ایک خوبصورت کہانی جو اداسی سے بھرپور ہے مگر زندگی کو شمع دکھاتی ہے کہ خواہ جہنم بھی اس دنیا پہ اتار دی جائے وقار سے زندگی بسر کرنا کسی سے نہی چھینا جا سکتا.
Some people say Umrao Jan Ada really did exist. Some are not very sure. But this book says everything written is true. There is nothing to not believe in this book. But Umrao Jan remains a mystery to date.
Who will listen to the tale of my woeful heart? Far and wide have I wandered on the face of this earth And I have much to impart.
The book is narrated by the author Mirza Ruswa as told by Umrao Jan Ada. Mirza Ruswa, why do you provoke me and try to wheedle out of me the facts of my life? What interest can you possibly have in the life story of a woman like me? An unhappy wretch who has drifted through life without any mooring; a homeless vagrant who has bought shame upon her family; a woman whose name will be as disgraced in the world to come as it is in the world today. However, if you insist, I will tell you.
Umrao Jan was born as Amreen in a normal household in Faizabad. Her father worked for the government and her mother was a housewife. Her father’s enemy, Dilaawar Khan, kidnapped her when she was 9 years old and sold her to a prostitute house in Lukhnow. This house was a high class house where the courtesans only entertained men with lots of money and power. Khanum, the owner of the house, trains and refines Amreen into Umrao Jan. Umrao Jan had more than 5 lovers in her lifetime. Some she loved back, some she didn’t. She only kept them for the money they could provide. She takes you into the kind of lives the courtesans of Lucknow lived in that time; their glamour, their splendor, their ability to make any man bend in his knees.
But she was never truly happy. She never found anyone whom she could truly love.
It was not her helpless lovers’ devotion she put to test; but to find out which way of tormenting them was the best.
As Umrao Jan puts it, I am but a courtesan in whose profession love is a current coin. Whenever we want to ensnare anyone we pretend to fall in love with him. No one knows how to love more than we do: to heave deep sighs; to burst into tears at the slightest pretext; to go without food for days on end; to sit dangling our legs on the parapets of wells ready to jump into them; to threaten to take arsenic. All these are parts of our game of love. However stone-hearted a man may be, he falls for our wiles. But I tell you truthfully, no man ever really loved me nor did I really love any man.
This book is an easy and delightful read. I have not seen the old movie based on Umaro Jan but I have seen the latest. She is shown to be a pious and a one man woman.
They have twisted and turned the facts to suit the sensibilities of the Indian audience which itself is an insult to Umrao Jan and the life she had lived and suffered. I really loved reading the poems in the book. I’ll leave you with one of them.
Even while dying I thought not of death But recalled her ways to the last of my breath.
Never to love or a kind gesture she inclined But thought only in what ways to be unkind.
I could have managed to pass the long night of separation Had not the thought of thy tresses increased my agitation.
In separation painful was my every breath Either I thought of you, or, more often, of death.
Ask me not why in sinful love I so much revel Even heaven without love will to me seem hell.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Umrao Jaan is probably my favorite novel of all time. I know it's an old book, but I absolutely love it and have read it over three times. I have to say I read the Urdu version and the translated version from David Matthews. If you don't speak Urdu, and even if you do this book is hard, I really suggest the David Matthews translation, it's excellent and gives it justice. The book starts with Umrao Jaan sitting in a Mefil reciting her poetry and singing Ghazals. There, the author, becomes intrigued by her and wants to know why she became a courtesan. She asks him why he would want to know of such a depressing tale? But she agrees to tell him. We find out her real name is Amiran and she grew up in Faizabad. Dilwar Khan, a man her father put to jail, wants to take revenge on her father. He kidnaps Amiran and wants to kill her, however his friend tells him if he sells her to a brothel in Lucknow they can get money for her. She is sold to Khanum Jaan, who renames her Umrao. Umrao describes that they treated her quite nicely, she learns to read and write there, both in Urdu and Persian. She is also taught classical dance and music. While growing up there she describes her relationships with Khanum Jaan and the other girls in the brothel with her. This is my favorite part of the book, she describes the types of relationships she has with the girls around her and with Khanum Jaan. She never complains or pities herself for being there. She even describes the fun times she has there. She doesn't get the suffix Jaan until her first client. The story moves through her life, she describes her first love, Nawab Sultan and how he shoots a customer who also likes Umrao. Nawab is no longer allowed to come to the brothel and Umrao meets him secretly. Another customer starts coming, named Faiz Ali, who gives her tons of jewelry, gold and other things. He asks her to come to Farrukhabad with him, she goes without Khanum Jaan's permission. On the way there, they are stopped by soldiers and Faiz Ali turns out to be a criminal. She is imprisoned but she is recognized by someone who used to work with her and is freed. She then sets up her own business in Kanpur, and takes clients there. Umrao's friend Gauhar finds her in Lucknow and convinces her to come back to Lucknow. She goes back to her old life there until the siege of Lucknow. She flees to Faizabad and finds her mother and brother. They disown her and tell her she'd be better off dead. She goes back to Lucknow. She learns that Dilwar Khan was found robbing again and he is executed. Umrao uses her jewelry and gold from Faiz Ali and quits. The reasons I love this novel so much, is that is a simple story. It has no twists or turns but it captures Lucknow and the life of Umrao so well. Some people swear Umrao Jaan is real, and there is no proof she is. But I can see why people believe she is, Umrao Jaan's character shines so well through this book. She is charming and engaging, and you want to keep reading her story. Reading the story you can hear her voice and even though there is no descriptions of her, you can picture her so well. It takes a type of woman that is looked down in society and humanizes her. None of the story feels trite or contrived. I just absolutely love this book. Once you read the book, watch the movie with Rekha, it is also pretty good.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
” محبت کے باب میں غلطی صرف ایک ہی سے نہیں ہوتی بلکہ دونوں اس تاریکی کو نہیں سمجھتے “ امراؤ جان ادا
یہ کتاب کہیں گزرتے ہوئے نظروں سے جا ملی اور ہم نے بھی اٹھانے میں دیر نہیں کی ( بھاگے نہیں ، قیمت ادا کر کے ہی وہاں سے یہ جا وہ جا ہوئے )
🌟 مرزا ہادی رسوا کے ساتھ یہ میری اس کتاب کے ذریعے پہلی ادبی ملاقات تھی کچھ ملاقاتیں ایسے ہمارے دل میں گھر کرتی ہیں کہ پھر اس گھر کیلئے دل کہیں زیادہ اور وسیع ہوجاتا ہے اور مجھے لگتا ہے یہ ملاقات بھی کچھ ایسی ہی رہی
🌟 کہانی لکھنؤ کے محلے سے شروع ہوتی ہے مرزا ہادی رسوا اور امراؤ جان ادا سے ، اس کہانی کا مرکزی کردار امراؤ جان ادا ہیں لیکن فرق صرف اتنا ہے کہ کہانی فقط ان کی کہانی کی ہی عکاسی نہیں کرتی بلکہ کئی اور کہانیوں کو جنم دیتی ہے
🌟 یہ ناول ہمیں دکھاتا ہے کہ کیسے ضد اور انا کے ہاتھوں کئی معصوم زندگیاں بردباد ہوتی ہیں اس میں کئی کردار ہیں جیسے کہ خانم ، گوہر مرزا ، فیضو صاحب ، خورشید خان ، نواب صاحب ، بسم اللّٰہ جان ، اکبر علی خان اور بھی کئی کردار اہم ہیں لیکن سب سے اہم کرادر امیرن کا ہے جو کھیلنے کی عمر میں کوٹھے پر پہنچ جاتی ہیں اور امیرن سے امراؤ جان ادا بن جاتی ہیں
🌟 ہمیں معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ کیسے اشرافیہ اپنی حوس کو تکمیل تک پہچانے کیلئے کیسے اپنے گھروں سے ان کوٹھوں تک کا رخ کرتے ۔ کیسے ان لوگوں نے تہذیب کا دامن ایسے چھوڑا کہ اب تک تہذیب پیچھے کہیں راستے میں پڑی ہے اور ان جیسے اشرافیہ آج بھی بظاہر شرافت اور عزت کا لبادہ اوڑھے ان گلی کوچوں پر راتیں بسر کرتے ہیں
🌟 میں پوری کہانی تو نہیں بتاؤں گا بس کچھ باتیں جو میں نے اخذ کیں ہیں ۔ میں نے دیکھا کہ کیسے لوگوں سے بھری گلیوں میں ان چھتوں پر بنے کمروں میں دل سے ویران لوگ رہتے ہیں جن کو لوگ اپنے مطلب کیلئے پیسوں کے عوض تو خرید لیتے ہیں مگر عزت دینے کے بارے میں سوچنے سے ہی ڈرتے ہیں
🌟 میں یہ سمجھتا ہوں کہ جتنی امراؤ جان ادا کی تعداد پچھلی صدی میں تھی شاید آج بھی اتنی ہی ہو کیونکہ عزت کو بیچنے کے طریقے بدلے ہیں لوگ نہیں ۔ آج بھی لوگ عورتوں کی عزت اتارنے میں ذرا دیر نہیں لگاتے ۔ بھلے پھر وہ محبت کی راہ میں ڈال کر اتاریں یا کسی کو بیچ کر ۔ لیکن عزت نا دینا آج بھی جاری ہے ۔۔۔۔
🌟 میں اس کتاب کے بارے میں لکھنے سے قاصر ہو مجھ میں شاید اتنی تمیز یا عقل نہ ہو کہ میں اس کے بارے میں کچھ لکھ سکوں لیکن جتنا میں نے ایک طالب علم کی حیثیت سے پڑھا اتنا آپ لوگوں کے سامنے بھی پیش کر دیا ۔۔۔
🌟 آخری بات ، کتاب میں شاعری کافی موجود ہے جو کہ ہماری علم و ادب سے محبت کو دکھاتی ہے جسے ہم نے شاید پیٹھ کے پیچھے ڈال دیا ہے
🌟 پرانی کتابیں ضرور پڑھیں اپنے علم میں اضافہ کریں اور دیکھیں کہ ہم سے پچھلے وقتوں میں کیا کیا غلطیاں ہوئیں ہم نے کہاں مار کھائی کیسے اپنے ورثے کو خود بیچا ۔ اپنے عظیم لکھاریوں کو جانیں جن کا شاید نام بھی آج کی نسل کو معلوم نہیں ۔
بس اتنا ہی احسن افتخار امید ہے آپ مجھے جانتے ہونگے
I am biased with my reviews towards Indian literature, it has to be an absolute drab for me to put it down. This was not.
It's a story of a courtesan, one who is cultured and has some poise. The character development was on point, slow though but makes it an interesting read on how she ends up. Oh, and the respect she commands. Today, I doubt if she'd be respected in my "modern" country.
All the other characters are just passerbys in the book and not really impressionable. I didn't root for a side character or didn't think twice before he vanished off the pages.
What I didn't like though was the random transition and I kept wondering where did I lose the plot. The book can transition from one topic to other and you'll be left confused. It's an editing problem. May be it's a lost in translation issue.
The book takes you back in time and depicts through fiction the reality of Indian culture rich and poetic that came about to an end due to the rule by the British Empire, for they didn't see it culturally fit.
Originally written and published in Urdu by Muhammad Hadi Ruswa in 1899, the poignant tale of Umrao mirrored the lives of courtesans (tawaifs) in colonial India. Academic research on Umrao Jaan (both novel and the character) led Krupa Shandilya, one of the translators of this novella to discover the existence of a sequel to Ruswa's 'Umrao Jan Ada'; believed to be authored by the courtesan herself.
Blurring all lines of fact and fiction, the date of publication of this novella (original) is imprinted April 1, 1899 (All Fool's Day). This detail is evidence enough to debunk myths of Umrao Jaan's historical existence and dismiss the novella as a playful prank. Nonetheless, it does not take away from the invaluable study that it offers in terms of revisiting the life of a courtesan with empathy sans moral judgment.