A frustrating, fascinating mess of a book in which undoubted erudition pours forth on to the page with little structure beyond the vaguely chronological. At times, one wonders if it’s been edited at all; the dildo is described as "indispensable" to sapphic play in one sentence, only for the next to admit that sometimes a finger was substituted. Or consider the assertion that 1791 saw the last execution for sodomy in continental Europe. Really? I’m sure there’s a few ghosts of the Nazi camps who might disagree. Still and all, if nothing else it’s a valuable reminder that there was never some solidly heterosexual Britain such as certain ridiculous parties now far too close to government might like to imagine (oh, and I’d love to see their faces if they read the section here about the recreations of their beloved King Billy). Simon Callow’s Guardian review was vaguely sniffy about Ackroyd’s use of ‘queer’ rather than ‘gay’, but really the former is a much better term – more inclusive, for one thing. But also, trying to parcel historical figures out into modern boxes for the ‘homosexual', ‘bisexual' or ‘trans' - or sometimes even perhaps ‘asexual' - would be to use categories which simply don't fit the facts and experiences under discussion in the same way as the catch-all ‘queer'. The one downside of this is that the lines can sometimes be drawn a little too widely, as when the grave of a Roman-era gladiatrix is discussed. There seems no evidence for her queerness beyond her doing a job generally thought of as manly, and once you start down that road, where do you draw the line?
To be honest, you’ll probably do better with Queer City dipping into it (oo-er, matron!) from time to time, rather than trying to read it straight through and expecting a thesis. Because considered more as a treasure-trove, it’s full of gems. Consider the 1620 text which has all the sodomites dying to mark Jesus’ birth - ironic given the celebration of said birth is now quite literally as camp as Christmas. Or the Dark Ages code enjoining three fasts on a boy who sleeps with an adult male in clerical orders, but not specifying any punishment for the man - curiously, Ackroyd appears to be under the impression the Catholic Church has now reconsidered this approach. All manner of disused slang is exhumed – I love ‘fribble’ and ‘whiffle’, but even my fascination with new words for bisexuals draws the line at ‘uranodioning’. There’s the notorious cottage purchased and transported to a New York estate as if it were a historical bridge or castle, apparently by a wealthy American remembering happy times there during the Blitz. There are the amusing, horrifying or sometimes both specifics of particular busts under the homophobic laws of the day, and the salacious details of what the historical queers were up to: one longs to know the tune to which the mollies sang 'Come, let us bugger finely!’ Not to mention many satirical rhymes, my favourite among them running thus:
The Devil, to prove the Church was a farce,
Went out to fish for a Bugger.
He hates his hook with a Frenchman's arse
And pulled up the Bishop of Clogher.
Who was known as the Arse-Bishop ever after.
Alas, one must always keep an eye out for that same readiness to assume which we saw with the gladiatrix, as when it’s blithely asserted that Othello depicts homoerotic themes, when that is surely but one of many angles from which one can approach the central crack in these characters which undoes so many lives. Obviously, the nature of the topic is such that you won’t always have a clear statement of desires forbidden at the time, but a little more hedging would sometimes have been wise. Not that any is needed in the case of John Addington Symonds, who remarkably seems to have been turned gay by graffiti penises – a responsibility we’d all do well to remember when inscribing three-line cocks in snow or condensation. He would go on to propose the establishment of dedicated ‘spoonitoria' in public parks.
As the book approaches the present day, it covers increasingly familiar ground, particularly once Labouchere’s debatable amendment criminalises all homosexual acts and not merely sodomy proper as before. There’s more that could have been done with these chapters, I think – in particular, a focus on something which has already been hinted at throughout but never fully addressed, the complications of consent when a whole sphere of sexual activity is outlawed. We may still laugh at Uncle Monty’s “I mean to have you, boy, even if it must be burglary”, but it’s worth bearing in mind that an awful lot of the specific couplings described in Queer City would still be illegal today, whether because one party was too young, because they were taken by deceit or force, or quite often both. Not that the heterosexual scene was free of the same conditions, of course, any more than it is today. Nevertheless – when you tell people they’re beyond the pale to start with, little wonder if their subsequent actions don’t necessarily bespeak the highest moral character.
Which makes it all the more surprising that, post-legalisation, Ackroyd can’t muster a bit more enthusiasm for the state of things now. He says that with assimilation and marriage the urge to question society’s norms and expectations has faded, before going on to offer a (serviceable, if slightly old fashioned) account of the increased visibility of trans and gender-fluid people - but makes no mention of, for instance, people in open and to some extent formal non-monogamous relationships, or otherwise queering the pitch. He remains, in summary, slightly maddening right to the end. But it was a quick enough read which entertained me often enough that I can’t complain too forcefully.