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448 pages, Mass Market Paperback
First published September 1, 1992
1. This book, as well as the other two reviewed here, is very much U.S. oriented. However, it’s fair to add to that comment that Hirsch is not someone who believes that only information about the U.S. is needed by U.S. citizens. There is a large body of knowledge about other nations, other histories, people, art, literature from places other than the U.S. All these things Hirsch believes are needed for participation in American culture.Okay, that said, what’s in this book? It’s divided into 23 chapters, from The Bible to Technology, including such as: Proverbs; Literature in English; World Literature, Philosophy, and Religion; World History since 1550; and Physical Sciences and Mathematics. Each chapter, in turn, has a short introductory essay on why that area of human endeavor/knowledge is important. Then follow an alphabetical list of specific terms and names, each with a brief explanation and cross references. For example, in the chapter on American History to 1865, the entry Douglas, Stephen A. is
2. There is an unstated assumption, clearly indicated by this subtitle, that “every American” needs to participate in the “American culture”. This can certainly be argued about. Why can’t an American citizen opt out of American culture? Does someone doing work with the poor or the homeless in the inner city need to participate in American culture? How about a tribal elder on an Indian reservation? Or a musician fully participating in the African American sub-culture in America? Do all these people need to participate in the “American” culture, which one would suppose is predominantly defined by the groups holding power in America?
A political leader of the nineteenth century, known for twice running against Abraham LINCOLN – for a seat in the SENATE from ILLINOIS in 1858, which he won, and for the presidency in 1860, which he lost. The two engaged in the LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES over slavery and other issues in 1858.Note that this very brief explanation, while far less informative than the Wiki entry for Douglas, is enough for cultural literacy purposes, especially if the capitalized terms are already known, or looked up if not known.
Abraham Lincoln was president during the CIVIL WAR and one of the greatest American leaders. Born in a log cabin in Kentucky, he educated himself and became a politician and lawyer in Illinois who was respected for his sincerity and character. As president, he opposed the extension of slavery and fought to preserve the UNION. During the Civil War, he issued the EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION, which led to the end of slavery in America. His GETTYSBURG ADDRESS and his Second Inaugural Address, in which he urged the nation to reunite in a spirit of forgiveness, are among the finest speeches in American history. After the war, he was assassinated by JOHN WILKES BOOTH.The entry on Lincoln in the prior book is about three times as long.
11. Who was Jorge Luis Borges?Fun and educational!
a. a Spanish novelist of the sixteenth century
b. a Mexican poet and diplomat
c. an Argentine short-story writer
d. a Chilean playwright
14. Marcel Proust is famous for writing
a. a collection of poems called the Flowers of Evil
b. a hymn to the joys of unconventionality and sexuality
c. a seven-part novel about memory and time
d. all of the above
and the answers:
11. (c) Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986) wrote poetry and essays before turning to narrative fiction. His stories, some of which are translated in a collection called Labyrinths (1962), feature experimental structures and highly compressed symbolic patterns.
14. (c) Remembrance of Things Past (1913-1927) is the master-work of French novelist Marcel Proust (1871-1922). The narrator’s memory is involuntarily triggered by inanimate objects, and he also deliberately scrutinizes his past to make sense of experiences he had no way of understanding at the time. The author explores the disappointing nature of love, the hypocrisy behind the aristocratic façade, and the need to transcend time to find essential meaning. The other works alluded to are by Charles Baudelaire and Andre Gide.