This book is full of dense, biological jargon; a style that I have never gravitated towards. I know Its the purpose of the book, but I didn't care much for the comparisons to the social organism; I cared about what they had to say about social media. There were a few things I learned, but the majority of this was very science based, making it a dull read overall.
Notes/Highlights:
Hashtags, photos, and shared cartoons and videos spread and value systems evolve in the age of social media (xvii). Those who don't adjust to this new communications architecture will be left behind (p.xix).
The word "meme" was introduced by Richard Dawkins (p.xxvii).
The first instinct of brand builders for public figures, top companies, and artists is often to cut off information flow to maintain proprietorial control and "exclusivity" of the information (xxxii).
"Social media represents the most advanced state yet in the evolution of human communication"(p.xxxvii).
"If you get nothing else from this book, embrace the notion that the world--including its human-built social networks---is an incredibly complex system (p.5).
Printing press unleashed something that would ultimately expand people's access to powerful ideas very different from those laid down (by Rome). The printing press broke the class structure that the Church had forged. It laid the path to a middle class, a new educated group open to alternative ideas about how to organize society and comprehend the world. And to service their need for such ideas, another powerful idea sprung forth, one that harnessed the bast new published power unleashed by Gutenberg: mass media.
As a growing literate population demanded information that was independently delivered, a new breed of writers and edition arose: journalists. Inspired by the liberal philosophies of Voltaire, Montesquieu, Locke, and John Stuart Mil, they offered fresh description and explanations of politics and culture without care for whether they complied with the worldview authorities (p.18).
Social media represents a more evolved state for we are saying is that social media represents a more evolved stat for society's mass communication architecture (p.20).
Social media began with email and instant messaging which made sending a letter redundant and drastically cut the time for text-based communication. Rather than one-to-one communication, these innovations allowed for one-to-many message dumps (p.23). It was a new paradigm: People were sharing their thoughts with the world at large without requiring the authorization of a publishing gatekeeper (p.26).
Cost per impression (CPM) (p.28).
Newspaper revenues are less than half what they were ten years ago and the number of newsroom employees in the United States has dropped to below 36,700 from 56,400 in 2000. "This is what extinction looks like when our communication architecture undergoes rapid evolution." (p.28).
Encouraging ever-wider webs of human interconnection became the MO of any social media platform company (p.29).
In 2011, News Corp. sold Myspace to a group of investors that included singer/actor Justin Timberlake (p.33). Youtube, which Google acquired in 2006, that became the dominant platform video (p.34). Facebook, which since its launch in 2004 has swelled its user base to a mind-numbing 1.5 billion.
Trying to censor any speech i not only likely to fail but is harmful to our cultural development (p.36). LinkedIn's profitability stems from a business model that escapes the dependence on advertising by charging premium fees for special features (p.37). Tumblr, the Yahoo!-owned micro-blogging social media platform, has a more laissez-faire approach. That it also happens to be a vibrant platform for avant-garde artists and animators to collaborate and push the boundaries of creativity is no coincidence (p.39). The initial surge in popularity for Snapchat was in part about not wanting to produce a trail of behavior for others to later judge you by--whether it's your future employer or your future lover--but it was also about living in the moment (p.40). Snapchat represents carefree silliness and fleeting expressiveness.
A 2014 poll by Sparks % Honey showed a clear preference among Generation Z kids (those born after 1995) for Snapchat and other secrecy-enhancing services such as Whisper and Secret compared with more public platforms (p.40).
Google Chrome is the most popular Web browser; in 2016, Gmail surpassed more than 1 billion monthly active users, making it the most used email service (p.42).
Vine star Nash Grier joins a host of Generation Z-ers and Millenials producing voyeuristic glimpses into their lives, a genre that's suited to short-form Vines and short-lived Snapchat messages. Vine's jumpy, low-budget aesthetic, which eschews the brash glamour of Hollywood celebrities and instead contrives the start as an every man, is the format's magic sauce (p.53).
Lele Pons is the highest ranking female Viner, with more than 10 million followers and the largest number of total loops overall at 7.5 billion. The world's most successful Viner, Andrew Bachelor, better known as King Bach (15 million followers, 5.6 billion loops). Vine is also an oddly successful platform for music promotion (p.54). PewDiePie has40.9 million subscribers and over 11 billion views on his videos, he earned $4 million in 2014 (p.55). Social media influencers' power is founded on the trust and emotional connection they've built with their fans and friends (p.58). Social media starts are nothing without the cooperation of the their followers and of the privately owned platform where they distribute their content.
To be effective and sustainable, the social network needs to be constantly maintained and nurtured for the re-blogs, re-tweets, re-posts, and shares to keep going (p.61). Since social media occupies a Holonic structure in which the autonomous members of the network represent both the target audience and the distribution systems, emotions are now the primary tool for spreading ideas and artistic works (p.64).
"I view such meme-making [Grumpy Cat, "Success Kid" , "Bad Luck Brain"] as the first real mass collaborative art form, with the organism driving their evolution as the underlying memetic code mutates (p.84). "Like a haiku or sonnet, for a social media comparative, a 140 character tweet or 6 second Vine, this confining structure has given rise to a specific art form that becomes an avenue for creativity (p.86).
Majority of the more than 4 million e-books titles available in Amazon's Kindle store are now self-published books, some of which manage to break through and become bestsellers with the aid of the company's algorithm-driven promotional tools (p.91).
When the Church ran its top-down network, there was a limited number of sanctioned artists and the mediums available to them--the painter's canvas, the writer's book, the sculptor's some--were not designed for rapid or wide distribution of their messages. Art was for elites, which meant its impact on cultural change was slow. Later, print, television, and other pre-Internet mass media outlets accelerated the process--The Beatles could go on The Ed Sullivan Show and quickly affect the fashion and social mores of American youth (p.93).
It's the message that's paramount, the content that will dictate whether a meme is fit enough to survive (p.101). The demand for meme jokes, for example, reflects the Social Organism's collective desire for positive hormonal releases--since smiling and laughing have been shown scientifically to trigger these neurotransmitters (p.104).
The most blatant performative act in the social media realm is arguably the selfie (p.122). Engage positively with social media, not negatively, for the alter will only fuel knee-jerker, countervailing responses, which can escalate into full-blown ill will. "To my celebrity clients, I've always said 'Don't feed the trolls.' If you ignore those whose comments and tweets seem designed solely to provoke anger, thus starving them of the attention they crave, they will cease their infuriating behavior" (p.128). If you want to create an appealing persona and a positive impression among certain people or target markets, then the content you feed them should convey that positivity (p.128). The social organism needs to be fed; the more it is fed, the more it grows (p.129).
Now in the social media era, the ability to stir up emotion is as important as ever to the success of any piece of content. (p.133) A Wharton Business School showed that our responses to a piece of online content will fluctuate depending on the type of emotion that it elicits. While a message with an angry tone, with its capacity for adrenaline release, might be an especially strong motivator for someone to hit the retweet button, it's not a healthy source of sustenance over the long term. (p.134). The kind of content that best succeeds within the social media architecture is not based in fear, sadness, or fury.
Content needs to be delivered in a nonlinear object-based narrative form.
The starting point for figuring out how not to inadvertently foster negativity around your brand must be an understanding that social media is a living, breathing organism (p.135). Let the social organism think for itself (p.137). On social media you can't tell people what to think. Dogma invites negativity (p.138).
42% of those who attended the Toy Story 3 movie (marketed by the authors) were motivated not by some expensively produced ads they'd seen on TV, or even by the word-of-mouth advice of their friends, but by Disney's virtually cost-less direct postings on Facebook (p.139).
On social media platforms the "like" buttons and emoticon response option offered to readers are nearly always limited to positive expressions. We can, of course, express opposition in comments, but the basic architecture of social media trends to promote like-mindedness (p.146).
One way to healthier, more positively inclined social media environment, then, is simply to encourage a greater abundance of emotionally positive, uplifting content (p.156)
"I like to think of Humans of New York (HONY) as an empathy replicator. We need to build more of them. Activist, policymakers, educators, journalists, even corporate brands could follow this model (p.158).
There's strong evidence that, with the rise of the Internet and social media, society has become more tolerant and less violent. If we use this technology well, it should help us to transcend our social fragmentation and push his new digital society toward a more inclusive future (p.161).
All living things adapt and evolve. If we want society to grow up, and if we want to turn social media into a constructive forum for improving human existence, then we must expose ourselves to the "diseases" of hate, intolerance, and intimidation that persist in our culture. It makes for a powerful case against censorship (p.168).
Pew Research Center's studies on same-sex marriage show more than 55% in support in 2015. Two-thirds of Americans say they"would be fine" with a member of their family marrying someone of a different race. In 1986 the figure was only 33%. A more recent study of Millennial showed an even higher acceptance level, with nine in ten saying they'd be happy with a family member marrying outside their race (p.169).
Our culture is evolving at a faster pace, and that acceleration, we contend, is a function of the co-mingling of thoughts and memes (p.170).
*Research by the University of Houston has shown that increased use of Facebook contributes to an uptick in depression via a phenomenon known as "social comparison" (p.192). "These entities now have a profound responsibility to the rest of society (p.193)...Facebook takes the content that you and I produce, pays us nothing for it and then organizes, censors, and repackages it for sale to advertisers, who fees it keeps for itself." (p.194)
"You are not Facebook's customer, you are its product." - Bruce Schneier
Millennials and Generation Z are going to Snapchat, which by April 2016 was seeing 10 billion video views a day (p.200). If the Social Organism doesn't get what it wants from a particular platform, it will move (p.201).
A January 2016 survey by GlobalWebIndex found that 38% of Internet users had used ad blocking in the fourth quarter of 2015 (p.204). Some news sites now block their own content when they detect someone using an ad blocker, betting that readers will disengage the ad blocker rather than miss out on news. At stake is a business model that dates back to 1704, when the Boston News-Letter published, for a fee, a small announcement advertising the sale of a local property. From those humble beginnings a symbiotic relationship between the business community and the providers of information emerged (p.205).
Bitcoin- digital currency (p.206).
Blockchain- a cryptographically protected, incorruptible ledger that's distributed along a network of independently owned computers, all of which are tasked with verifying and updating its contents according to a set of software-regulated rules that incentivize them to act honestly and to agree on the veracity of the shared information.
"Total strangers on either side of the world can exchange value without either side having to trust that the other isn't digitally counterfeiting the money or secretly copying and sharing the song or artwork with someone else." (p.207). Multiplied over billions of such transactions, digital-currency micro-payments could offer a viable, non-advertising-dependent revenue stream for the media industry (p.209). Another key innovation is the blockchain's capacity for creators of digital content to prove that they and only they are the owners of an original work forever. By irrefutably identifying data in this way, the artist can turn their work into a true digital asset,version of which can be bought, sold, and owned as distinct items, as we used to do with vinyl records and still do the physical books.
The most popular game of 2015, according to many polls, was Undertale (p.217). The entire experience is infused with a sense of ethical responsibility (p.218).
League of Legends is the world's most popular game. Management founded a "Tribunal", a forum where players could create case files of chat logs that documented inappropriate behavior; anyone could discuss and vote on what language was unacceptable and what was positive for the community. 100 million votes were cast, the vast majority demonstrating an overwhelming aversion to hate speech and homophobic slurs. Verbal abuse dropped by more than 40% and 91.6 of negative players change their act and never commit another offense after just one reported penalty (p.219).
Social media offers a completely new way of rapidly unleashing, sharing, and deploying information. It is especially powerful when combined with other decentralizing technologies such as cloud-based data storage, Big Data analysis, cryptography, machine-learning tools, open data protocols, and blockchain ledgers (p.227).
Kickstart, as of early 2016,bhad raised more than $2 billion for over 100,000 projects (p.228). As digital-currency applications for transferring money combine with block chain based systems for securely issuing and trading, people will gain a newfound confidence that they are not being defrauded (p.229).
"To be sure, as we mine social media to discover who we are, it's probably unwise to just set some A.I. machine loose on the network to figure things out. Microsoft's experiment with a machine-learning Twitter bot offers a cautionary tale (A.I. account opened on March 23, 2016 in the form of a model teenage girl named Tay evolved into Hitler sympathizing, feminism hating, and conspiracy theorist believing the Holocaust was "made up" and "9/11 was an inside job". (p.234) .