I really like how Amy Licence goes very deep into the lives of the six wives of Henry VIII and dispels many myths about their husband, namely that Henry was this very prude figure who only had two mistresses. Using contemporary evidence she shows it was the complete opposite. I also love how she focused on the early years of marriage between Katherine of Aragon and Henry VIII. They're always depicted as old and boring versus a young and more energetic Anne Boleyn who was ten times better and more beautiful than her predecessor but Amy Licence sets the record straight on this. Everyone believes she was old and prudish because that's certainly how she became when Henry annulled his marriage to her, but in the first years of their marriage the two were very passionate and contemporary beliefs about sex were not as conservative as we think. There were some sexual practices that the church allowed and that Katherine and Henry might've engaged on and even after she stopped having her period, he still visited her chambers and she continued to enjoy the feasts and participate in the many dances and plays. There is a lot of interesting details regarding her first marriage to Arthur from what she wore, what might have gone between closed doors which offers a great new possibility -and a very plausible one- regarding the consummation or non-consummation. Henry rode as Sir Loyal Heart and wore Katherine of Aragon's colors, their marriage was a true love match and she was not only his equal in many ways but she was also beautiful and albeit older like him, she was his first choice. He later claimed that he was fulfilling his father's dying wish but as Amy explains, this seems highly unlikely. Henry's choice of bride like his maternal grandfather, was to say to the world that he was his own person and king of his realm and he would not accept any other bride that was not his choosing and there was also another similarity between his first marriage and that of his grandfather's. Katherine was five years and a half older than him just as Elizabeth was older than him and also a widow. However she didn't possess the same luck that Elizabeth did giving Henry his longed for heir. The fact that Henry still continued to comfort her after she lost so many babies and their most prized-one, their new year baby, says a lot about their relationship as well as how many described it and how it was just so passionate and beautiful and Katherine loved to participate in all these great displays of love, affection, costuming and chivalry.
But everything has an end and after Henry realized he wasn't going to get a son by her, his wandering eye turned to other women and here it's where Amy deconstructs the accepted version of events that Henry was a prude. He wasn't. He was just very discreet of his affairs unlike his French counterpart, Francis I. Henry had learned from his grandfather's mistakes who was not so discreet. Henry was a true masker and he was always very concerned with image and despite the reports that proved his many liaisons, he was successful in keeping most of his affairs private except for two and those are only known because of Henry Fitzroy and his marriage to Anne Boleyn.
There is a lot of attention on Anne Boleyn as well and that's because you can't rule her out because she played an important part as Katherine once did, in English politics and religion. She was an intense advocate of the Reform, however the Reform as Amy explains was divided into many sects and although Anne was described as "more Lutheran than Luther himself" her actions seem to lean on more with the intellectual thought that Marguerite of Navarre (a woman she admired during her time in France, first serving her future husband's sister and then Queen Claude) adopted which was a combination of Swiss, French and English radicalism. Anne Boleyn may not have intended to become queen from the beginning as many series depict and indeed it may have been accidental and I think that's true since she had already learned the tough lesson with Percy that as a woman, especially an unmarried one, she had to be careful who she was with or who courted her. There are many passages in her chapters that reflect humanist thought on illicit affairs which Anne seems to have adopted. Amy Licence also challenges the reader by asking important questions such as was Anne really chaste during her waiting period for Henry to marry her or did they engage in any foreplay (as betrothal was regarded as close to marriage so some couples did in fact engage on this. This was ironically also the reason that Edward IV's brother Richard III used to invalidate his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville based on the convenient claim that Edward had promised marriage to someone else before he married Elizabeth) or did Henry look to someone else for comfort? Given Henry's actions and the wealth of primary sources that Amy has presented, it is very possible that a little of both happened. They might not have consummated their union but something did went on there such as kisses or caresses and then Henry went to someone else to have sex.
Anne and Katherine however had tragic endings and both of them for the same reason: They couldn't give the king a son. Anne was beheaded, Katherine died but her death was a slow and sadder one because she was for three years waiting in vain for things to change and when she realized she didn't, she also realized she was going to die alone and abandoned by the man whom she had once been so passionately in love.
The last part of the book focuses on the remaining four wives. I would've loved to have seen a little more on Jane Seymour, I believe she was not completely a pawn. She was certainly coached but she was not dumb and reading three biographies of her and other 'wives' book I believe she learned from experience and there was definitely more to her than met the eye. But it was probably due to the fact that her reign was so short that so little was dedicated to her.
Anne of Cleves also has a negative stereotype that she did take time to deconstruct and show that there are many inconsistencies with the declarations of her ladies and servants that said the marriage was not consummated (when she could not speak very good English at this point) to the fact that she was relieved the marriage was over when she wasn't and after Katherine Howard's demise might have expected in vain to become his wife again and therefore as her brother hoped, revive the Cleves alliance and when this didn't happen and she found out about Henry's marriage to his last wife she was very angry because she didn't find Katherine Parr appealing.
Katherine Howard is a special case and she continues to divide opinion after more than five centuries. There was certainly a sexual element to her regarding Mannox and Dereham and whether this was sexual abuse or voluntary, we will never know. The author believes it was likely the latter as Katherine was young and very naive and inexperienced she was easily led astray by these two more experienced and opportunist men. But her union with Culpeper is more confusing and it's likely to have been platonic but possibility that it may have been sexual is not ruled out.
After Katherine's lovers were executed, she and Jane Parker, lady Rochford (widow of George Boleyn) followed them in that order. The last wife was none other than Katherine Parr who some still believe she was Henry's nurse but she wasn't. Henry had his own nurses and didn't need another one, at an advance age he knew he wasn't going to beget anymore children from anyone and wanted companionship from someone he could enjoy being with and that position fell on Katherine who had her eyes set on someone else (Thomas Seymour).
Katherine like her namesake and Henry's first wife was not only very smart, but she was also pragmatic (perhaps even more pragmatic), charismatic and kind (she quickly won the hearts of the English people and her royal stepchildren and was particularly close to Mary whom she was closer to in age) and above all very learned knowing Italian, Latin, French and her love for learning encouraged her two stepdaughters to translate Erasmus and Marguerite of Navarre's writings respectively. She narrowly avoided death through kindness and humility and she was the only other wife besides the first Katherine, to be appointed as Regent.
The Six wives and the many Mistresses of Henry VIII is a rich addition to my Tudor book shelves and to women's studies. This book is really a HERstory of the women of Henry's life written in a way that it hasn't been written before.