TWO PROMINENT AUTHORS/ACTIVISTS EXPRESS THEIR COMMON CONCERNS & IDEAS
Maria Mies (born 1931) is a German professor of sociology at the Cologne University of Applied Sciences; she has written other books such as Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale; Women: The Last Colony; Lace Makers of Narsapur;, etc. Vandana Shiva (born 1952) is an Indian scholar, environmental activist, and recipient of the 1993 Right Livelihood Award; she has written other books such as Who Really Feeds the World?: The Failures of Agribusiness and the Promise of Agroecology; Water Wars: Privatization, Pollution, and Profit; Earth Democracy: Justice, Sustainability, and Peace; The Violence of the Green Revolution: Third World Agriculture, Ecology, and Politics, etc.
They wrote in the Introduction to this 1993 book, “we share common concerns that emerge from an invisible global politics in which women worldwide are enmeshed in their everyday life, and a convergence of thinking arising from our participation in the efforts of women to keep alive the processes that sustain us. These shared thoughts and concerns aim not to demonstrate uniformity and homogeneity but rather a creative transference of our differences… [We also wish] to make visible the ‘other’ global processes that are becoming increasingly invisible as a new world order emerges based on the control of people and resources worldwide for the sake of capital accumulation.” (Pg. 2)
They continue, “We discovered that our own active involvement in the women’s and ecology movements had coincidentally let us to a shared analysis and perspective. The search for answers had led us to similar theories, to similar authors for clarification and eventually to each other… [This] revealed a spontaneous convergence of thought arising out of objective conditions to which we had each responded as women.” (Pg. 3)
They explain, “An ecofeminist perspective propounds the need for a new cosmology and a new anthropology which recognizes that life in nature (which includes human beings) is maintained by means of co-operation, and mutual care and love. Only in this way can we be enabled to respect and preserve the diversity of all life forms, including their cultural expressions, as true sources of our well-being and happiness. To this end ecofeminists use metaphors like ‘reweaving the world,’ ‘healing the wounds,’ and re-connecting and interconnecting the ‘web.’ This effort to create a holistic, all-life embracing cosmology and anthropology, must necessarily imply a concept of freedom different from that used since the Enlightenment.” (Pg. 6)
Later, they add, “Ecofeminism is about connectedness and wholeness of theory and practice… We see the devastation of the earth and her beings by the corporate warriors, and the threat of nuclear annihilation by the military warriors, as feminist concerns. It is the same masculinist mentality which would deny us our right to our own bodies and our own sexuality, and which depends on multiple systems of dominance and state power to have its way. Wherever women acted against ecological destruction or/and the threat of atomic annihilation, they immediately became aware of the connection between patriarchal violence against women, other people and nature, and that: In defying this patriarchy we are loyal to future generations and to life and this planet itself. We have a deep and particular understanding of this both through our natures and our experience as women.” (Pg. 14)
They assert, “If we take our responsibility towards life, children, the future, Mother Earth and our own human dignity seriously, we must first clearly state that THIS science is IRRESPONSIBLE, amoral, immoral, and second, that we no longer want to go along with this game of a double moral standard---one set for the laboratory, another for private or political life. What the scientist would not do to HIMSELF, neither should he do to any other being.” (Pg. 51)
They point out, “Progress, since the time of Enlightenment… means a GOING AWAY from Nature… this going away… from Nature has been considered a necessary precondition for emancipation… as a step from Nature to Culture, from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom… This concept… ignores the fact that even modern man is born of woman, that he must eat food that comes from the earth, and that he will die; and further that he can be alive, healthy and achieve fulfillment only as long as he retains an organic connection with Nature’s symbioses… Only if Nature is again recognized as a living being with whom we must co-operate in a LOVING manner, and not regard as a source of raw material to be exploited for commodity production, can we hope to end the war against Nature and against ourselves.” (Pg. 156)
They suggest, “While the ethical aspect of the ecological crisis can be traced to the white man’s self-perceived burden as the only species with rights… simultaneous with a pervasive Eurocentric assumption … is a blindness to the diminution and alienation of nature’s rights at deeper levels than ever before, and a shrinkage or poor people’s right to survival… And since the ethics based on the democracy of all life makes no difference between rights of nature and rights of human communities, this new violation of the rights of nature is intimately linked to the violation of rights of farmers, tribals and women as knowers, and users of biodiversity.” (Pg. 267)
They ask in conclusion, “But the question is: can we conceive of a perspective for a better future society by concentrating only on women, or by building all-women islands within a capitalist-patriarchal ocean?... it would be quite inconsistent to exclude men from this network of responsibility for the creation and continuation of life. Ecofeminism does not mean, as some would argue, that women will clean up the ecological mess which capitalist-patriarchal men have caused… Therefore, a subsistence perspective necessarily means men begin to share, IN PRACTICE, the responsibility for the creation and preservation of life on this planet. Therefore, men must start a movement to redefine their identity. They must give up their involvement in destructive commodity production for the same of accumulation and begin to share women’s work for the preservation of life.” (Pg. 321)
This is an excellent book, that will be of great interest to those with concerns for the environment.